Finitely generated free Heyting algebras via Birkhoff duality and coalgebra

Algebras axiomatized entirely by rank 1 axioms are algebras for a functor and thus the free algebras can be obtained by a direct limit process. Dually, the final coalgebras can be obtained by an inverse limit process. In order to explore the limits of this method we look at Heyting algebras which have mixed rank 0-1 axiomatizations. We will see that Heyting algebras are special in that they are almost rank 1 axiomatized and can be handled by a slight variant of the rank 1 coalgebraic methods

The (decision) tree of fertility: an innovative decision-making algorithm in assisted reproduction technique

Purpose: Several mathematical models have been developed to estimate individualized chances of assisted reproduction techniques (ART) success, although with limited clinical application. Our study aimed to develop a decisional algorithm able to predict pregnancy and live birth rates after controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) phase, helping the physician to decide whether to perform oocytes pick-up continuing the ongoing ART path. Methods: A single-center retrospective analysis of real-world data was carried out including all fresh ART cycles performed in 1998–2020. Baseline characteristics, ART parameters and biochemical/clinical pregnancies and live birth rates were collected. A seven-steps systematic approach for model development, combining linear regression analyses and decision trees (DT), was applied for biochemical, clinical pregnancy, and live birth rates. Results: Of fresh ART cycles, 12,275 were included. Linear regression analyses highlighted a relationship between number of ovarian follicles > 17 mm detected at ultrasound before pick-up (OF17), embryos number and fertilization rate, and biochemical and clinical pregnancy rates (p < 0.001), but not live birth rate. DT were created for biochemical pregnancy (statistical power–SP:80.8%), clinical pregnancy (SP:85.4%), and live birth (SP:87.2%). Thresholds for OF17 entered in all DT, while sperm motility entered the biochemical pregnancy’s model, and female age entered the clinical pregnancy and live birth DT. In case of OF17 < 3, the chance of conceiving was < 6% for all DT. Conclusion: A systematic approach allows to identify OF17, female age, and sperm motility as pre-retrieval predictors of ART outcome, possibly reducing the socio-economic burden of ART failure, allowing the clinician to perform or not the oocytes pick-up

Hyperstates of Involutive MTL-Algebras that Satisfy (2x)2=2(x2)(2x)^2 = 2(x^2)

States of MV-algebras have been the object of intensive study and attempts of generalizations. The aim of this contribution is to provide a preliminary investigation for states of prelinear semihoops and hyperstates of algebras in the variety generated by perfect and involutive MTL-algebras (IBP0-algebras for short). Grounding on a recent result showing that IBP0-algebras can be constructed from a Boolean algebra, a prelinear semihoop and a suitably defined operator between them, our first investigation on states of prelinear semihoops will support and justify the notion of hyperstate for IBP0- algebras and will actually show that each such map can be represented by a probability measure on its Boolean skeleton, and a state on a suitably defined abelian l-group.Comment: 12 page

Influence Of The Chemical Surface Structure On The Nanoscale Friction In Plasma Nitrided And Post-oxidized Ferrous Alloy

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Friction is a ubiquitous phenomenon in everyday activities spanning from vehicles where efficient brakes are mandatory up to mechanical devices where its minimum effects are pursued for energy efficiency issues. Recently, theoretical models succeed correlating the friction behavior with energy transference via phonons between sliding surfaces. Therefore, considering that the energy losses by friction are prompted through phonons, the chemical surface structure between sliding surfaces is very important to determine the friction phenomenon. In this work, we address the issue of friction between a conical diamond tip sliding on different functionalized flat steel surfaces by focusing the influence of the chemical bonds in the outermost layers on the sliding resistance. This geometry allows probing the coupling of the sharp tip with terminator species on the top and underneath material surface at in-depth friction measurements from 20 to 200nm. Experimentally, the friction coefficient decreases when nitrogen atoms are substituted for oxygen in the iron network. This effect is interpreted as due to energy losses through phonons whilst lower vibrational frequency excitation modes imply lower friction coefficients and a more accurate adjustment is obtained when a theoretical model with longitudinal adsorbate vibration is used.10511CAPES; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior; FAPERGS; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Holmberg, K., Andersson, P., Erdemir, A., (2012) Tribol. Int., 47, p. 221Sabeur, M., Ibrahim, D., Mohamed, E.M., Hassan, Z., (2013) Tribol. Int., 59, p. 240Holmberg, K., Matthews, A., (2009) Coatings Tribology: Properties, Mechanisms, Techniques and Applications in Surface Engineering, , (Elsevier)Cannara, R.J., Brukman, M.J., Cimatu, K., Sumant, A.V., Baldelli, S., Carpick, R.W., (2007) Science, 318, p. 780Persson, B.N.J., Bucher, F., Chiaia, B., (2002) Phys. Rev. B, 65, p. 184106Krim, J., (2012) Adv. Phys., 61, p. 155Erdemir, A., (2005) Surf. Coat. Technol., 200, p. 1792Erdemir, A., Li, S., Jin, Y., (2005) Int. J. Mol. Sci., 6, p. 203Oliver, W.C., Pharr, G.M., (1992) J. Mater. Res., 7, p. 1564Blau, P.J., (2009) Friction Science and Technology: From Concepts to Applications, , (CRC Press)Mo, Y., Turner, K.T., Szlufarska, I., (2009) Nature, 457, p. 1116Lewis, S.P., Pykhtin, M.V., Mele, E.J., Rappe, A.M., (1998) J. Chem. Phys., 108, p. 1157Persson, B.N.J., Tosatti, E., Fuhrmann, D., Witte, G., Wöll Ch., (1999) Phys. Rev. B, 59, p. 11777Shi, Y.-J., Du, Y.-L., Chen, G., (2013) Comput. Mater. Sci., 67, p. 341Niewa, R., Rau, D., Wosylus, A., Meier, K., Hanfland, M., Wessel, M., Dronskowski, R., Schwarz, U., (2009) Chem. Mater., 21, p. 392Isida, S., Suzuki, M., Todo, S., Môri, N., Siratori, K., (1996) Physica B, 219-220, p. 638Ochoa, E.A., Wisnivesky, D., Minea, T., Ganciu, M., Tauziede, C., Chapon, P., Alvarez, F., (2009) Surf. Coat. Technol., 203, p. 1457Roberts, W.L., (1990) Encyclopedia of Minerals, , (Chapman & Hall)Chertihin, G.V., Andrews, L., Neurock, M., (1996) J. Phys. Chem., 100, p. 14609Shebanova, O.N., Lazor, P.J., (2003) Solid State Chem., 174, p. 42

Apoptose de neutrófilos na Sepse e na Síndrome da Angústia Respiratória Aguda secundária à Sepse

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How can we treat vulvar carcinoma in pregnancy? A systematic review of the literature

According to our systematic literature review (PRISMA guidelines), only 37 vulvar squamous cell carcinomas (VSCCs) were diagnosed during pregnancy (age range: 17\u201341 years). The tumor size range was 0.3\u201315 cm. The treatment was performed after (14/37, 38%), before (10/37, 27%), or before\u2010and\u2010after delivery (11/37, 30%). We found that 21/37 (57%) cases were stage I, 2 II (5%), 11 III (30%), and 3 IVB (8%). HPV\u2010related features (condylomas/warts; HPV infection; high\u2010grade squamous intraepithelial lesion) were reported in 11/37 (30%) cases. We also found that 9/37 (24%) patients had inflammatory conditions (lichen sclerosus/planus, psoriasis, chronic dermatitis). The time\u2010to\u2010recurrence/progression (12/37, 32%) ranged from 0 to 36 (mean 9) months. Eight women died of disease (22%) 2.5\u201348 months after diagnosis, 2 (5%) were alive with disease, and 23 (62%) were disease\u2010free at the end of follow\u2010up. Pregnant patients must be followed\u2010up. Even if they are small, newly arising vulvar lesions should be biopsied, especially in women with risk factors (HPV, dermatosis, etc.). The treatment of VSCCs diagnosed in late third trimester might be delayed until postpartum. Elective cesarean section may prevent vulvar wound dehiscence. In the few reported cases, pregnancy/fetal outcomes seemed to not be affected by invasive treatments during pregnancy. However, clinicians must be careful; larger cohorts should define the best treatment. Definite guidelines are lacking, so a multidisciplinary approach and discussion with patients are mandatory

Global patient outcomes after elective surgery: prospective cohort study in 27 low-, middle- and high-income countries.

BACKGROUND: As global initiatives increase patient access to surgical treatments, there remains a need to understand the adverse effects of surgery and define appropriate levels of perioperative care. METHODS: We designed a prospective international 7-day cohort study of outcomes following elective adult inpatient surgery in 27 countries. The primary outcome was in-hospital complications. Secondary outcomes were death following a complication (failure to rescue) and death in hospital. Process measures were admission to critical care immediately after surgery or to treat a complication and duration of hospital stay. A single definition of critical care was used for all countries. RESULTS: A total of 474 hospitals in 19 high-, 7 middle- and 1 low-income country were included in the primary analysis. Data included 44 814 patients with a median hospital stay of 4 (range 2-7) days. A total of 7508 patients (16.8%) developed one or more postoperative complication and 207 died (0.5%). The overall mortality among patients who developed complications was 2.8%. Mortality following complications ranged from 2.4% for pulmonary embolism to 43.9% for cardiac arrest. A total of 4360 (9.7%) patients were admitted to a critical care unit as routine immediately after surgery, of whom 2198 (50.4%) developed a complication, with 105 (2.4%) deaths. A total of 1233 patients (16.4%) were admitted to a critical care unit to treat complications, with 119 (9.7%) deaths. Despite lower baseline risk, outcomes were similar in low- and middle-income compared with high-income countries. CONCLUSIONS: Poor patient outcomes are common after inpatient surgery. Global initiatives to increase access to surgical treatments should also address the need for safe perioperative care. STUDY REGISTRATION: ISRCTN5181700