Intratracheal dopamine attenuates pulmonary edema and improves survival after ventilator-induced lung injury in rats

Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't;INTRODUCTION Clearance of alveolar oedema depends on active transport of sodium across the alveolar-epithelial barrier. beta-Adrenergic agonists increase clearance of pulmonary oedema, but it has not been established whether beta-agonist stimulation achieves sufficient oedema clearance to improve survival in animals. The objective of this study was to determine whether the increased pulmonary oedema clearance produced by intratracheal dopamine improves the survival of rats after mechanical ventilation with high tidal volume (HVT). METHODS This was a randomized, controlled, experimental study. One hundred and thirty-two Wistar-Kyoto rats, weighing 250 to 300 g, were anaesthetized and cannulated via endotracheal tube. Pulmonary oedema was induced by endotracheal instillation of saline solution and mechanical ventilation with HVT. Two types of experiment were carried out. The first was an analysis of pulmonary oedema conducted in six groups of 10 rats ventilated with low (8 ml/kg) or high (25 ml/kg) tidal volume for 30 or 60 minutes with or without intratracheally instilled dopamine. At the end of the experiment the animals were exsanguinated and pulmonary oedema analysis performed. The second experiment was a survival analysis, which was conducted in two groups of 36 animals ventilated with HVT for 60 minutes with or without intratracheal dopamine; survival of the animals was monitored for up to 7 days after extubation. RESULTS In animals ventilated at HVT with or without intratracheal dopamine, oxygen saturation deteriorated over time and was significantly higher at 30 minutes than at 60 minutes. After 60 minutes, a lower wet weight/dry weight ratio was observed in rats ventilated with HVT and instilled with dopamine than in rats ventilated with HVT without dopamine (3.9 +/- 0.27 versus 4.9 +/- 0.29; P = 0.014). Survival was significantly (P = 0.013) higher in animals receiving intratracheal dopamine and ventilated with HVT, especially at 15 minutes after extubation, when 11 of the 36 animals in the HVT group had died as compared with only one out of the 36 animals in the HVT plus dopamine group. CONCLUSION Intratracheal dopamine instillation increased pulmonary oedema clearance in rats ventilated with HVT, and this greater clearance was associated with improved survival.This work was supported in part by RED GIRA (G03/063) and FIBAO Research Foundation.Ye

Rendimiento cognitivo y síntomas afectivos en la fase aguda y tres meses después de un ictus isquémico

After an ictus, decline of cognitive function, mood and behaviour have been described. Our aim is to correlate the volume of the lesion (in sequences DRM and FLAIR) with the raw scores of cognitive and affective tests. Patients (N = 24) with vascular subcortical cerebral lesions were studied, and cognitive and affective behaviour tests were administered twice. The results show a negative correlation be-tween the volume of the lesion in the DRM sequence and the verbal phonetic fluency (r = -0,42) and naming scores (r = -0,64). A negative correlation is also observed with the Naming Boston Test (r = -0,50) in the FLAIR sequence. Correlations between the volume of the lesion in the left hemisphere and the Trail Making Test part B and the naming test, were statistically significant. With relationship to the second evaluation carried out after three months, a certain improvement of the raw scores of the tests was observed.Después de un ictus, se ha descrito deterioro de la cognición, del humor y de la conducta. Nuestro objetivo fue correlacionar el volumen de la lesión (en secuencias DRM y FLAIR) con puntuaciones directas en test cognitivos y afectivos. Se estudian 24 pacientes con lesiones vasculares cerebrales subcorticales, aplicando en dos ocasiones pruebas cognitivas y afectivas. Los resultados muestran una correlación negativa entre el volumen de la lesión en la secuencia DRM y las pruebas de fluencia verbal fonética (r = -0,42) y denominación (r = -0,64). También se observa una correlación negativa con la prueba de denominación de Boston (r = -0,50) en la secuencia FLAIR. Según la lateralización de la lesión, resultan significativas las correlaciones entre el volumen de la misma en el hemisferio izquierdo y el TMT-B, y con el test de denominación. Con relación a la segunda evaluación llevada a cabo tres meses después, se observa una cierta mejoría de las puntuaciones directas

Práctico

El presente proyecto se basa en una bolsa de empleo enfocada en estudiantes que buscan sus primeras prácticas preprofesionales en base a una investigación que se realizó a universitarios de los sectores A,B y C y reclutadores en el mercado laboral.  Se pudo encontrar la necesidad de los estudiantes en capacitarse en cuanto habilidades de empleabilidad y postular a ofertas de empleo sin la necesidad de llenar un formulario nuevamente, por otro lado, los reclutadores expresaron su deseo de agilizar los procesos de reclutamiento y selección de practicantes mediante filtros avanzados y un mayor alcance a ellos. Para poner en marcha el proyecto se realizaron experimentos de entrevistas a expertos, usuarios, validaciones de intención de compra, un plan financiero y un plan de marketing. Todo ello nos derivó en la validación total del proyecto y los requerimientos para su posterior puesta en marcha a fin de ser una marca referente en el campo de la empleabilidad. This project is based on a job bank focused on students seeking their first pre-professional internships based on research carried out on university students from sectors A, B and C and recruiters in the labor market. It was possible to find the need for students to train in employability skills and apply for job offers without the need to fill out a form again, on the other hand, recruiters expressed their desire to streamline the recruitment and selection processes of interns through advanced filters and a greater scope to them. To start the project, experiments were carried out with interviews with experts, users, purchase intention validations, a financial plan and a marketing plan. All this led to the total validation of the project and the requirements for its subsequent implementation in order to be a benchmark brand in the field of employability.Trabajo de investigació

Atomic-scale study of type-II Dirac semimetal PtTe2 surface

Dirac semimetals (DSM) host linear bulk bands and topologically protected surface states, giving rise to exotic and robust properties. Platinum ditelluride (PtTe2) belongs to this interesting group of topological materials. Here, we employ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) in combination with first-principles calculations to visualize and identify the native defects at the surface of a freshly cleaved PtTe2 crystal. Around these defects, short-wavelength electron density oscillations are observed. Fourier transform analysis of the energy-dependent quasiparticle interference patterns is in good agreement with our calculated joint density of states, demonstrating the singular properties of the surface of this type-II DSM. Our results evidence the power of STM in understanding the surface of topological material

Genotype-specific prevalence of human papillomavirus infection in asymptomatic Peruvian women: a community-based study

Objective: To determine the general and genotype-specific prevalence of HPV and to identify potential risk factors for the infection in a population-based screening of Peruvian women. Results: A total of 524 samples were analyzed by PCR and a total of 100 HPV positive samples were found, of which 89 were high-risk, 19 were probably oncogenic, 9 were low-risk and 27 other HPV types. The 26–35 and 36–45 age groups showed the highest proportion of HPV positive samples with a total of 37% (37/100) and 30% (30/100), respectively. Moreover, high-risk HPV was found in 33.7% of both groups and probably oncogenic HPV in 52.6% and 31.6%, respectively. High-risk HPV were the most frequent types identified in the population studied, being HPV-52, HPV-31 and HPV-16 the most commonly detected with 17.6%, 15.7% y 12.9%, respectively. Demographic characteristics and habits were assessed in the studied population. A total of 62% high-risk HPV were detected in married/cohabiting women. Women with two children showed the highest proportion (33.8%) of high-risk HPV, followed by women with only one child (26.9%). Those women without history of abortion had a higher frequency of high-risk HPV (71.9%), followed by those with one abortion (25.8%).Revisión por pare

Molecular survey of pyrethroid resistance mechanisms in Mexican field populations of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

Susceptibility to synthetic pyrethroids (SP´s) and the role of two major resistance mechanisms were evaluated in Mexican Rhipicephalus microplus tick populations. Larval packet test (LPT), knock-down (kdr) PCR allele-specific assay (PASA) and esterase activity assays were conducted in tick populations for cypermethrin, flumethrin and deltamethrin. Esterase activity did not have a significant correlation with SP´s resistance. However a significant correlation (p < 0.01) was found between the presence of the sodium channel mutation, and resistance to SP´s as measured by PASA and LPT respectively. Just over half the populations (16/28) were cross-resistant to flumethrin, deltamethrin and cypermethrine, 21.4% of the samples (6/28) were susceptible to all of the three pyrethroids 10.7 of the samples (3/28) were resistant to flumethrin, 3.4 of the samples (1/28) were resistant to deltamethrin only and 7.1% (2/28) were resistant to flumethrin and deltamethrin. The presence of the kdr mutation correlates with resistance to the SP´s as a class. Target site insensitivity is the major mechanism of resistance to SP´s in Mexican R. microplus field strains, involving the presence of a sodium channel mutation, however, esterase-based, other mutations or combination of mechanisms can also occur

Verbal fluency tests: Normative data for Spanish-speaking pediatric population

OBJECTIVE: To generate normative data for the phonological and semantic verbal fluency tests (VFT) in Spanish-speaking pediatric populations. METHOD: The sample consisted of 4,373 healthy children from nine countries in Latin America (Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Puerto Rico) and Spain. Each participant was administered the VFT as part of a larger neuropsychological battery. Scores for letters F, A, S, and animals and fruit categories were normed using multiple linear regressions and standard deviations of residual values. Age, age2, sex, and mean level of parental education (MLPE) were included as predictors in the analyses. RESULTS: The final multiple linear regression models showed main effects for age on all scores, such that scores increased linearly as a function of age. Age2 had a significant effect in Chile (animals), Cuba (A letter, fruits), Ecuador (animals, fruits), Honduras (F letter), Mexico (animals, fruits), Peru (fruits), and Spain (S letters, animals, fruits). Models showed an effect for MLPE in Chile (A letters, animals, fruits), Ecuador (S letter, animals, fruits), Guatelama (F, S letter, animals), Honduras (animals), Mexico (F, A, S letters, animals, fruits), Puerto Rico (A, letters, animals), and Spain (all scores). Sex scores were found significant in Chile (animals), Ecuador (A letter, fruits), Mexico (F letter, fruits), Paraguay (F, A, S letters, fruits), Puerto Rico (F letter, animals, fruits), and Spain (F letter, fruits). CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest multi-national Spanish speaking-pediatric normative study in the world, and as such it will allow neuropsychologists from these countries to have a more accurate way to interpret the phonological and semantic VFT in pediatric populations