Tratamiento de aguas residuales en unidades básicas de saneamiento construyendo humedales artificiales, campo alegre – Bagua Grande - 2021

La presente investigación estuvo enfocada en la construcción de humedales artificiales para realizar el tratamiento de aguas residuales en unidades básicas de saneamiento en la localidad de Campo Alegre – Bagua Grande. El tipo de sistema de humedal artificial fue el de fuljo horizontal subsuperficial, para ello, se construyeron 99 humedales de este tipo, con dimensiones de acuerdo a la cantidad de habitantes por familia, para familias de 5 habitantes a menos de 1.50m de ancho, por 2.90m de largo, por la profundidad de 0.60 m; para familias de 05-10 habitantes de 2.00m de ancho, por 4.20m de largo, por la profundidad de 0.60 m y para instituciones de 10-52 alumnos de 2.00m de ancho, por 4.50m de largo, por la profundidad de 0.60 m. Se procedió a evaluar la calidad del agua en uno de los humedales, analizando tres puntos (caja de registro, humedal y descarga final del humedal), los análisis se realizaron después de 4 meses de uso del humedal; obteniendo resultados eficientes con respecto al primer punto tomado, los parámetros analizados fueron de aceites y grasas 15.9 mg/L, DQO 198 mg/L, solidos totales suspendidos 12 mg/L, pH 7.2, DBO 96 mg/L y Coliformes termotolerantes 1400 NMP/100mL. Sintetizando que el sistema de los humedales artificiales empleados en nuestra investigación presenta una mejora significativa en el tratamiento de las aguas residuales, alcanzando nuestros objetivos trazados

LA TÉCNICA DE LA CONSULTORÃA EXTERNA (“OUTSOURCINGâ€) EN LA ADMINISTRACIÓN DE LOS AGRONEGOCIOS

At present companies are trying hard to reduce productive assets by reducing general expenses and increasing flexibility toward what they call “lean productionâ€. For this reason they are hiring specialized companies under long term agreements in order to supply parts, operations, and services, with quality responsibility, integrating them into their production line with their own workers. Worldwide, a new phenomenon has occurred where technology has taken over a great deal of the company's performance through simplified processes. After which there has been the need to implement an integration phase, and finally there is a tendency towards optimization. Agribusiness is part of this new tendency. “Tercerización†is more known for its English term “outsourcingâ€. Nevertheless, “tercerización†is becoming a more and more familiar term. This is good for the Spanish Language as foreign expressions should be avoided. Currently this technique is applied in big agricultural and agribusiness corporations, however during research, it was determined that other companies, such as accounting offices, service companies, and food-analysis labs, are using something similar to what has been described.Tercerizacion, outsourcing, consultancy, agribusiness, Agribusiness,

LINEAS DE INVESTIGACIÓN EN ADMINISTRACIÓN DE AGRONEGOCIOS

The new century has brought with it the reaffirmation and consequence of profound changes which began taking place at the end of the last century. The revolution created by new information technologies, the media, as well as the new management styles and forms, partly guilty of the globalization phenomenon, is not only a fact, but has generated a high technology dependence both in developed and developing countries. This has affected all production and management systems, including those in which Agribusiness develop. Under these circumstances, the present essay's main objective is to establish a general reference in order to set up lines of research in the Agribusiness management in México. In the first part we find a retrospective regarding the environment where these activities took place, having it as basis for further research in order to improve the management systems. Subsequently there is a description of the surroundings where the present agribusinesses develop as well as a description of their possible tendencies. Finally through a brainstorm of ideas a norm has been set up to design and develop the lines of research in the agribusiness management.Lines of research, agribusiness., Agribusiness,

LA TÉCNICA DE LA ADMINISTRACIÓN ESTRATÉGICA, ADOPTADA Y ADAPTADA A LA ACTIVIDAD AGROALIMENTARIA -ANTECEDENTES HISTÓRICOS-

Strategic Management, Methodology, SWOT Analysis., Agribusiness,

Integration of Acoustic Neutrino Detection Methods into ANTARES

The ANTARES Neutrino Telescope is a water Cherenkov detector currently under construction in the Mediterranean Sea. It is also designed to serve as a platform for investigations of the deep-sea environment. In this context, the ANTARES group at the University of Erlangen will integrate acoustic sensors within the infrastructure of the experiment. With this dedicated setup, tests of acoustic particle detection methods and deep-sea acoustic background studies shall be performed. The aim of this project is to evaluate the feasibility of a future acoustic neutrino telescope in the deep sea operating in the ultra-high energy regime. In these proceedings, the implementation of the project is described in the context of the premises and challenges set by the physics of acoustic particle detection and the integration into an existing infrastructure.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the International ARENA Workshop, May 28-30th, 2006, University of Northumbri

The ANTARES Optical Beacon System

ANTARES is a neutrino telescope being deployed in the Mediterranean Sea. It consists of a three dimensional array of photomultiplier tubes that can detect the Cherenkov light induced by charged particles produced in the interactions of neutrinos with the surrounding medium. High angular resolution can be achieved, in particular when a muon is produced, provided that the Cherenkov photons are detected with sufficient timing precision. Considerations of the intrinsic time uncertainties stemming from the transit time spread in the photomultiplier tubes and the mechanism of transmission of light in sea water lead to the conclusion that a relative time accuracy of the order of 0.5 ns is desirable. Accordingly, different time calibration systems have been developed for the ANTARES telescope. In this article, a system based on Optical Beacons, a set of external and well-controlled pulsed light sources located throughout the detector, is described. This calibration system takes into account the optical properties of sea water, which is used as the detection volume of the ANTARES telescope. The design, tests, construction and first results of the two types of beacons, LED and laser-based, are presented.Comment: 21 pages, 18 figures, submitted to Nucl. Instr. and Meth. Phys. Res.

Laboratory-based and office-based risk scores and charts to predict 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease in 182 countries: a pooled analysis of prospective cohorts and health surveys

Background: Worldwide implementation of risk-based cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention requires risk prediction tools that are contemporarily recalibrated for the target country and can be used where laboratory measurements are unavailable. We present two cardiovascular risk scores, with and without laboratory-based measurements, and the corresponding risk charts for 182 countries to predict 10-year risk of fatal and non-fatal CVD in adults aged 40–74 years. Methods: Based on our previous laboratory-based prediction model (Globorisk), we used data from eight prospective studies to estimate coefficients of the risk equations using proportional hazard regressions. The laboratory-based risk score included age, sex, smoking, blood pressure, diabetes, and total cholesterol; in the non-laboratory (office-based) risk score, we replaced diabetes and total cholesterol with BMI. We recalibrated risk scores for each sex and age group in each country using country-specific mean risk factor levels and CVD rates. We used recalibrated risk scores and data from national surveys (using data from adults aged 40–64 years) to estimate the proportion of the population at different levels of CVD risk for ten countries from different world regions as examples of the information the risk scores provide; we applied a risk threshold for high risk of at least 10% for high-income countries (HICs) and at least 20% for low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) on the basis of national and international guidelines for CVD prevention. We estimated the proportion of men and women who were similarly categorised as high risk or low risk by the two risk scores. Findings: Predicted risks for the same risk factor profile were generally lower in HICs than in LMICs, with the highest risks in countries in central and southeast Asia and eastern Europe, including China and Russia. In HICs, the proportion of people aged 40–64 years at high risk of CVD ranged from 1% for South Korean women to 42% for Czech men (using a ≥10% risk threshold), and in low-income countries ranged from 2% in Uganda (men and women) to 13% in Iranian men (using a ≥20% risk threshold). More than 80% of adults were similarly classified as low or high risk by the laboratory-based and office-based risk scores. However, the office-based model substantially underestimated the risk among patients with diabetes. Interpretation: Our risk charts provide risk assessment tools that are recalibrated for each country and make the estimation of CVD risk possible without using laboratory-based measurements

La vid silvestre en México. Actualidades y potencial

En ocho capítulos se aborda el estado del arte de la vid silvestre en MéxicoEl estudio de las especies vegetales nativas de México representa un reto que cada día más investigadores mexicanos asumen. Durante muchos años, el apoyo a la investigación pública ha sido mínimo; desde el punto de vista agronómico es insuficiente para avanzar a la velocidad que requiere nuestro país para afrontar problemas de producción y distribución de alimentos. Por esa razón, entre otras, me es grato presentar esta obra que compila parte de los trabajos de la Red de Vid Silvestre patrocinada por el Sistema Nacional de Recursos Fitogenéticos (sinarefi) dependiente de la sagarpa; trabajos apuntalados por investigadores que sin pertenecer a la red han colaborado en el estudio de las plantas del género Vitis. En este libro se muestra el potencial del país para aprovechar el recurso vid, empleado desde antes de la conquista española por nativos mexicanos que conocían sus bondades. Es necesario continuar el avance en el conocimiento de este recurso, por ello el presente libro pretende invitar a toda persona interesada en contribuir con el rescate y conservación de las vides mexicanas. Los autores y editores, así como las instituciones en donde laboramos y aquellas que patrocinan estas investigaciones, esperamos se cumpla este objetivo y que el lector, alumno, profesor, investigador, público en general, disfrute esta lectura y, sobre todo, se interese en el recurso VitisSEP, SINAREFI, UAEME