Crédito Rural: Sustentabilidade E O Paradoxo Do Desenvolvimento Econômico Social Do Campo

Considering that rural credit has an important role in the modernization and operation of the field by the promotion of agricultural activities, enabling the countryside social and economic development, the objective by this article, is to demonstrate that the institute in frank evolution of an earlier priority for the operation and modernization of farming techniques and pastoral seeking a higher yield, has gone up over time to have a priority for the sustainability of the field by the creation of aid programs for family agriculture and its foundations.So even if the means are temporally disjointed, it is understood that the objectives of sustainability and social economic development of the field would possess the common goal of benefiting the farmers, however, certainly there would be a paradox between them, since the rural credit is taken as the principal by agricultural expansion in 70s, as well by the fact that Brazil is now a world power in agribusiness, which also encompass the environment degradation that has occurred since then. Considerando que o crédito rural possui um papel relevante na modernização e operacionalização do campo mediante o fomento das atividades agropecuárias, possibilitando o desenvolvimento econômico social da zona rural, objetiva-se pelo presente artigo, demonstrar que o instituto em franca evolução, de uma anterior primazia pela operacionalização e modernização das técnicas de exploração agrícola e pastoril, visando um maior rendimento, passa-se com o tempo a se ter uma primazia pela sustentabilidade do campo ante a criação dos programas de auxílio a agricultura familiar e seus fundamentos. Assim, mesmo que temporalmente desconexos, entende-se que os objetivos da sustentabilidade e do desenvolvimento econômico social do campo possuiriam o objetivo comum de beneficiar o produtor rural. Entretanto, tem-se que haveria um paradoxo entre ambos, já que o crédito rural é tomado como o principal responsável pela expansão agrícola na década de 70, bem como pelo fato do Brasil ser hoje uma potência mundial no agronegócio, o que abarcaria também a degradação do meio ambiente ocorrida desde então

PROPOSTA DE UMA INTERVEN??O PEDAG?GICA NO PROJETO INTEGRADOR NO CURSO T?CNICO EM GUIA DE TURISMO SENAC MOSSOR?

Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta de interven??o pedag?gica sob a perspectiva do Projeto Integrador adotado no Curso T?cnico em Guia de Turismo por meio do Modelo Pedag?gico Servi?o Nacional de Aprendizagem Comercial ? Senac. O projeto se estrutura como m?todo para a solu??o dos problemas propostos. A particularidade b?sica desse m?todo est?, portanto, na busca de solu??es a um problema como fonte de desafio e aprimoramento educacional para os participantes. A Metodologia de Projeto ? uma alternativa pedag?gica que privilegia a rela??o dial?gica e aprendizagem coletiva. Parte da concep??o de que se aprende em comunh?o, em experi?ncias e viv?ncias de constru??o colaborativa, ao assumir responsabilidades em a??es conjuntas e promover o protagonismo do discente diante de situa??es problematizadoras. A aprendizagem se faz pela experi?ncia proporcionada durante o desenvolvimento do projeto, ou seja, aprende-se problematizando, pesquisando, testando hip?teses, tomando decis?es e agindo em equipe para atingir os objetivos. A proposta trabalhar? com a turma dividida em equipes, conforme o mapeamento dos atrativos realizado na Unidade Curricular (UC1) nas regi?es tur?sticas do Rio Grande do Norte. As equipes v?o trabalhar a elabora??o de roteiros tur?sticos (INOVADORES) de 3 dias, conforme o p?blico-alvo, segmentos tur?sticos existentes nos Polos Tur?sticos do RN, conforme ?ltimo remapeamento do Minist?rio do Turismo 2022. Considerar o mercado tur?stico dos seguintes polos: Costa Branca, Vale Mar, Serrano, Sert?o para Mar, Costa das Dunas e Agreste Tra?ri. A docente sortear? ou dividir? os polos pelas equipes. Os pontos a serem considerados na elabora??o do roteiro ser?o: Tend?ncias de Mercado; Sustentabilidade do destino (Aspectos culturais, ambientais, econ?micos e sociais); Seguran?a Sanit?ria; Infraestrutura b?sica e tur?stica; Viabilidade de Execu??o da Rota. As propostas refor?ar?o a necessidade de fomentar o turismo como uma das principais atividades econ?micas do Estado do RN, sendo geradora de emprego e renda, bem como contribuir na preserva??o dos atrativos naturais e culturais das regi?es.N?O H

PROPOSTA DE UMA INTERVEN??O PEDAG?GICA NO PROJETO INTEGRADOR NO CURSO T?CNICO EM GUIA DE TURISMO SENAC MOSSOR?

Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta de interven??o pedag?gica sob a perspectiva do Projeto Integrador adotado no Curso T?cnico em Guia de Turismo por meio do Modelo Pedag?gico Servi?o Nacional de Aprendizagem Comercial ? Senac. O projeto se estrutura como m?todo para a solu??o dos problemas propostos. A particularidade b?sica desse m?todo est?, portanto, na busca de solu??es a um problema como fonte de desafio e aprimoramento educacional para os participantes. A Metodologia de Projeto ? uma alternativa pedag?gica que privilegia a rela??o dial?gica e aprendizagem coletiva. Parte da concep??o de que se aprende em comunh?o, em experi?ncias e viv?ncias de constru??o colaborativa, ao assumir responsabilidades em a??es conjuntas e promover o protagonismo do discente diante de situa??es problematizadoras. A aprendizagem se faz pela experi?ncia proporcionada durante o desenvolvimento do projeto, ou seja, aprende-se problematizando, pesquisando, testando hip?teses, tomando decis?es e agindo em equipe para atingir os objetivos. A proposta trabalhar? com a turma dividida em equipes, conforme o mapeamento dos atrativos realizado na Unidade Curricular (UC1) nas regi?es tur?sticas do Rio Grande do Norte. As equipes v?o trabalhar a elabora??o de roteiros tur?sticos (INOVADORES) de 3 dias, conforme o p?blico-alvo, segmentos tur?sticos existentes nos Polos Tur?sticos do RN, conforme ?ltimo remapeamento do Minist?rio do Turismo 2022. Considerar o mercado tur?stico dos seguintes polos: Costa Branca, Vale Mar, Serrano, Sert?o para Mar, Costa das Dunas e Agreste Tra?ri. A docente sortear? ou dividir? os polos pelas equipes. Os pontos a serem considerados na elabora??o do roteiro ser?o: Tend?ncias de Mercado; Sustentabilidade do destino (Aspectos culturais, ambientais, econ?micos e sociais); Seguran?a Sanit?ria; Infraestrutura b?sica e tur?stica; Viabilidade de Execu??o da Rota. As propostas refor?ar?o a necessidade de fomentar o turismo como uma das principais atividades econ?micas do Estado do RN, sendo geradora de emprego e renda, bem como contribuir na preserva??o dos atrativos naturais e culturais das regi?es.n?o h

The Vicinity of the Galactic Supergiant B[e] Star CPD-57\deg2874 from Near- and Mid-IR Long Baseline Spectro-Interferometry with the VLTI (AMBER and MIDI)

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from ASP via the link in this record.We present the first spectro-interferometric observations of the circumstellar envelope (CSE) of a B[e] supergiant (CPD−57°2874), performed with the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) using the beam-combiner instruments AMBER (near-IR interferometry with three 8.3 m Unit Telescopes or UTs) and MIDI (mid-IR interferometry with two UTs). Our observations of the CSE are well fitted by an elliptical Gaussian model with FWHM diameters varying linearly with wavelength. Typical diameters measured are ≅ 1.8 × 3.4 mas or ≅ 4.5×8.5 AU (adopting a distance of 2.5 kpc) at 2.2 μm, and ≅ 12×15 mas or ≅ 30 × 38 AU at 12 μm. We show that a spherical dust model reproduces the SED but it underestimates the MIDI visibilities, suggesting that a dense equatorial disk is required to account for the compact dust-emitting region observed. Moreover, the derived major-axis position angle in the mid-IR (≅ 144°) agrees well with previous polarimetric data, hinting that the hot-dust emission originates in a disk-like structure. Our results support the non-spherical CSE paradigm for B[e] supergiants

Sociodemographic characteristics determine dietary pattern adherence during pregnancy

OBJECTIVE:Sociodemographic factors may affect adherence to specific dietary patterns during pregnancy. The present study aimed to identify dietary patterns during pregnancy and associated factors among Brazilian pregnant women. DESIGN:A cross-sectional analysis. Dietary intake was evaluated with a semi-quantitative FFQ during the first postpartum week; the time frame included the second and third gestational trimesters. Principal component analysis was used to identify dietary patterns during pregnancy. Sociodemographic data were obtained using a structured questionnaire. Multiple linear regressions were applied to test the associations between the sociodemographic factors and dietary patterns. SETTING:Mesquita, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2011. SUBJECTS:Postpartum women (n 327) who were 18-45 years of age and Mesquita residents. RESULTS:Three different dietary patterns were identified: 'healthy' (mainly comprising legumes, vegetables and fruits), 'mixed' (mainly comprising candy, butter and margarine, and snacks) and 'traditional' (mainly comprising beans and rice). Women with a higher monthly per capita family income (β=0·0006; 95% CI 0·0001, 0·001; P=0·011) and women of older age (β=0·021; 95% CI -0·001, 0·042; P=0·058) were more likely to adhere to the 'healthy' dietary pattern. Women with higher parity were less likely to adhere to the 'healthy' pattern (β=-0·097; 95% CI -0·184, -0·009; P=0·030) and were more likely to adhere to the 'traditional' pattern (β=0·098; 95% CI 0·021, 0·175; P=0·012). Although not statistically significant, older women were less likely to adhere to the 'mixed' (β=-0·017; 95% CI -0·037, 0·003; P=0·075) and 'traditional' (β=-0·018; 95% CI -0·037, 0·001; P=0·061) dietary patterns. CONCLUSIONS:Monthly per capita family income, parity and maternal age were factors associated with adherence to a healthy diet during pregnancy

Scoping review on vector-borne diseases in urban areas : transmission dynamics, vectorial capacity and co-infection

BACKGROUND: Transmission dynamics, vectorial capacity, and co-infections have substantial impacts on vector-borne diseases (VBDs) affecting urban and suburban populations. Reviewing key factors can provide insight into priority research areas and offer suggestions for potential interventions. MAIN BODY: Through a scoping review, we identify knowledge gaps on transmission dynamics, vectorial capacity, and co-infections regarding VBDs in urban areas. Peer-reviewed and grey literature published between 2000 and 2016 was searched. We screened abstracts and full texts to select studies. Using an extraction grid, we retrieved general data, results, lessons learned and recommendations, future research avenues, and practice implications. We classified studies by VBD and country/continent and identified relevant knowledge gaps. Of 773 articles selected for full-text screening, 50 were included in the review: 23 based on research in the Americas, 15 in Asia, 10 in Africa, and one each in Europe and Australia. The largest body of evidence concerning VBD epidemiology in urban areas concerned dengue and malaria. Other arboviruses covered included chikungunya and West Nile virus, other parasitic diseases such as leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis, and bacterial rickettsiosis and plague. Most articles retrieved in our review combined transmission dynamics and vectorial capacity; only two combined transmission dynamics and co-infection. The review identified significant knowledge gaps on the role of asymptomatic individuals, the effects of co-infection and other host factors, and the impacts of climatic, environmental, and socioeconomic factors on VBD transmission in urban areas. Limitations included the trade-off from narrowing the search strategy (missing out on classical modelling studies), a lack of studies on co-infections, most studies being only descriptive, and few offering concrete public health recommendations. More research is needed on transmission risk in homes and workplaces, given increasingly dynamic and mobile populations. The lack of studies on co-infection hampers monitoring of infections transmitted by the same vector. CONCLUSIONS: Strengthening VBD surveillance and control, particularly in asymptomatic cases and mobile populations, as well as using early warning tools to predict increasing transmission, were key strategies identified for public health policy and practice

Human leukemia cells (HL-60) proteomic and biological signatures underpinning cryo-damage are differentially modulated by novel cryo-additives.

BACKGROUND: Cryopreservation is a routinely used methodology for prolonged storage of viable cells. The use of cryo-protective agents (CPAs) such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), glycerol, or trehalose is paramount to reducing cellular cryo-injury, but their effectiveness is still limited. The current study focuses on establishing and modulating the proteomic and the corresponding biological profiles associated with the cryo-injury of human leukemia (HL-60) cells cryopreserved in DMSO alone or DMSO +/- novel CPAs (e.g., nigerose [Nig] or salidroside [Sal]). FINDINGS: To reduce cryo-damage, HL-60 cells were cultured prior and post cryopreservation in malondialdehyde Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium-1640 media +/- Nig or Sal. Shotgun proteomic analysis showed significant alterations in the levels of proteins in cells cryopreserved in Nig or Sal compared to DMSO. Nig mostly affected cellular metabolism and energy pathways, whereas Sal increased the levels of proteins associated with DNA repair/duplication, RNA transcription, and cell proliferation. Validation testing showed that the proteome profile associated with Sal was correlated with a 2.8-fold increase in cell proliferative rate. At the functional level, both Nig and Sal increased glutathione reductase (0.0012±6.19E-05 and 0.0016±3.04E-05 mU/mL, respectively) compared to DMSO controls (0.0003±3.7E-05 mU/mL) and reduced cytotoxicity by decreasing lactate dehydrogenase activities (from -2.5 to -4.75 fold) and lipid oxidation (-1.6 fold). In contrast, only Nig attenuated protein carbonylation or oxidation. CONCLUSIONS: We have identified key molecules and corresponding functional pathways underpinning the effect of cryopreservation (+/- CPAs) of HL-60 cells. We also validated the proteomic findings by identifying the corresponding biological profiles associated with promoting an anti-oxidative environment post cryopreservation. Nig or Sal in comparison to DMSO showed differential or additive effects in regard to reducing cryo-injury and enhancing cell survival/proliferation post thaw. These results can provide useful insight to cryo-damage and the design of enhanced cryomedia formulation

QUANTIFICATION OF RESIDUAL CLOVE OIL, BENZOCAINE AND TRICAINE IN FISH FILLETS USING SPE AND UPLC-DAD

Residual quantification of the anesthetics clove oil (CO) – isoeugenol (ISO), eugenol (EUG) and methyleugenol (MET) –,benzocaine (BZN) and tricaine (MS-222) was made in fillets of two fish species: Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and acatfish hybrid, cachadia (Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum x Leiarius marmoratus). Samples (n=4) of each fish wereevaluated after submitted to anesthesia in five dosages defined based on the induction time of each species afterdepuration times (0h, 12h, 24h and 48h). Different methodologies of sample preparation were tested and selectedaccording to the better recovery. The quantification of anesthetics was performed by UPLC-DAD. The variance of residualmeans among anesthetics, dosages and fish species was compared. After anesthesia (0h) both species, tilapia andcachadia, presented residual anesthetics. Fishes depurated during 12h, 24h and 48h did not present detectable values, itmeans, values were below the limits of detection. BZN presented the highest mean residual concentration for tilapia andcachadia (p=0.01), while MS-222 presented the lowest residual amounts in tilapias and EUG in cachadias, what may berelated to the metabolism and carcass composition of each fish species. There were no significant differences among thefive dosages, except the lowest MS-222 concentration in tilapias that resulted in higher residual concentrations becauselow dosages increase the induction time and consequently the permanence of the fish in anesthesia. Ultimately, meanvalues of residues in cachadia were higher than in tilapia, and MS-222 and EUG presented the lowest residual values fortilapia and cachadia, respectively

Urinary incontinence related to perineal muscle strength in the first trimester of pregnancy: cross-sectional study

Objective To analyze pelvic floor muscle strength (PFMS), urinary continence and quality of life related to urinary incontinence (UI) of women in the first trimester of pregnancy. Method Cross-sectional study with a sample of 500 women who started prenatal care in a complementary healthcare facility in Guarulhos, state of São Paulo, from 2012 and 2013. Pelvic floor muscle strength was evaluated through perineometry. The pregnant women who presented UI answered the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF). Results It was found that maternal age (OR=1.06; CI95% 1.02-1.11) and prior UI (OR=15.12; 95%CI 8.19-27.92) are the variables that, in tandem, best explain the occurrence of UI at the beginning of pregnancy. The mean score on the ICIQ-SF was 8.2 (SD=3.9), considered a moderate impact on quality of life. Conclusion Older pregnant women with prior UI are more likely to have UI in the first trimester of pregnancy.
</jats:p