Forced Convection Solid-Liquid Mass Transfer at a Surface of Tube Bundles under Single Phase Flow

Solid-liquid mass transfer characteristics of in-line tube bank were investigated by measuring the rate of diffusion-controlled dissolution of copper surface in dichromate solution. Variables studied were the number of rows in the tube bank, physical properties of the solution, and flow rate of the solution. The data were correlated for the conditions: 937 < Sc < 1300, 173 < Re < 385, 1 < N < 5, by the equation Sh = 2.68 Re0.465 Sc0.33 N–0.35 + 35.35. The addition of Polyox WSR 301 as a drag reducing agent leads to a decrease in the mass transfer coefficient, which ranged from 49 to 83 % depending on the mass fraction of the polymer, number of tube bundles and the liquid flow rates

INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF LIFE SKILLS TRAINING ON SELF-ESTEEM, EXPRESSION AND AGGRESSION IN HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN FEREYDAN CITY

Abstract. The purpose of this study according to the importance of life skills in solving interpersonal problems and improving mental health of high school students,was to investigate the effect of life skills training on increasing self-esteem, increasing self-esteem and reducing aggression among high school male students. This researchwas conducted with the quasi-experimental methods and with pre-test design - Post-test by a control group. The statistical population of the study is male high school students in Fereydan city who are in the academic year 1997-96.Sampling in this research was downedby using non-random (available) method. And subjects were divided into two experimental and control groups (each group was 30). In this research, bass and perry aggression questionnaire, Cooper Smith Self-Esteem Questionnaire and Gambler and Richie assertion questionnaire were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS software using multivariate analysis of covariance. The results of the analysis showed that there is a significant difference between the two experimental and control groups in terms of increasing self-esteem, increasing the level of assertiveness and decreasing aggression (P &lt;0.05). The findings of this study show the effect of life skills training on increasing self-esteem, increasing assertiveness and reducing aggression.Key words: life skills, self-esteem, assertiveness, aggression

Voltage security evaluation based on perturbation method

This is the post-print version of the final paper published in International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems. The published article is available from the link below. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. Copyright @ 2009 Elsevier B.V.This paper proposes a new algorithm for estimating voltage security margin. The algorithm is based on the perturbation method and has significant computational efficiency. The proposed algorithm can be used for on-line voltage security evaluation. It has been validated using IEEE-14, IEEE-30 and IEEE-57 bus systems. Results from the tests show higher efficiency and smaller error margins compared to continuation power flow (CPF) method. Voltage collapse is a serious threat to the security of stressed power systems; therefore, voltage security (VS) has become a major challenge for management of power systems. The motivation for this research is a direct consequence of the deregulation of electricity industries and markets worldwide

Epidemiologic characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in ventilator-associated pneumonia in intensive care units

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a common pathogen that causes ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) in intensive care units (ICUs). Strain typing is a useful tool in tracking the spread of these infections. Primary objective was to study different strains causing VAP in Anesthesia ICUs. Secondary objective was to determine role of health-care workers (HCWs) and ICU environment in the transmission of these strains. Endotracheal aspirates of 60 VAP patients, surveillance samples from the HCWs (18 )and the ICU environment (193)were collected. Antibiogram typing and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) were used for comparison of the isolates from VAP patients and surveillance samples. Antibiogram showed 5 antibiotic susceptibility patterns that were designated A1-A5. ERIC-PCR yielded 1 to 5 amplification bands. All the isolates were typable by ERIC-PCR. Eight ERIC patterns were obtained ERIC(I)-ERIC(VIII). ERIC-PCR typing method gave higher discriminatory index (D) (0.7557) than antibiogram (0.6035). There was sharing of certain ERIC patterns among patient and HCWs or environmental sources. In Conclusion: K.pneumoniae is the most dominant pathogen in anesthesia ICUs. Throats and hands of HCWs are possible sources of pathogen transmission to patients. Surfaces with hand contact of the medical staff are often contaminated and may serve as vectors for cross transmission.Keywords: Ventilator-associated pneumonia, ICU environment, health-care workers, Klebsiella pneumoniae, antibiogram typing, ERIC-PC

Entanglement entropies in free fermion gases for arbitrary dimension

We study the entanglement entropy of connected bipartitions in free fermion gases of N particles in arbitrary dimension d. We show that the von Neumann and Renyi entanglement entropies grow asymptotically as N^(1-1/d) ln N, with a prefactor that is analytically computed using the Widom conjecture both for periodic and open boundary conditions. The logarithmic correction to the power-law behavior is related to the area-law violation in lattice free fermions. These asymptotic large-N behaviors are checked against exact numerical calculations for N-particle systems.Comment: 6 pages, 9 fig

National roadmap for aquatic organisms biological products

Specialists in Marine biotechnology using marine biological engineering and scientific principles to develop natural products and regarded services. One of the most important applications of this new branch is produce the natural products such as enzymes, natural colors, vaccines and drugs and etc. which produced from marine living organisms. These products are used in various industries such as pharmaceutical, food or health industry. In the current study, we try to remark the application of marine biological products in the northern (Caspian Sea), southern (Persian Gulf and Oman Sea) or internal waters of Iran into six categories, including aquaculture, pharmaceutical industry, food, healthcare and cosmetic industries. For this purpose, the required information will be collected using investigations which conducted inside and also outside of our country by reviewing and analysis of derived data by attention to our economical facilities for national self-sufficiency in production. Applied research projects will be introduced in three parts including research, technology development and pilot plant as well. Hope that using this strategic document will be effective and practical to production of biological products from marine resources until 2025

Standard of insurance procedures and risk assessment manual for cold water fish culture regarding management and natural disasters

The total production of Rainbow trout fish aquaculture in 2009 had been 72515 t which was significantly increased (91519 t) in 2010. Despite of increasing trout fish production during last decade, absence conformity between suitable cultural and proliferation district of this fish species and geographical one, faced this industry harmfully to natural disasters such as flood, overflow and so on, and mismanagement due to human injustices. Hence insurance and supporting concept of can be having a determinant role in efflorescence and increasing production of this fish. The aim of this project is performing an insurance policy based on risk analysis model in propagation and cultural phases of rainbow trout aquaculture, separately. In this study, pay attention to standards in trout fish aquaculture procedure and determination of critical parameters on, are the first research step and recognition of risk factors in different aquaculture phases due to natural disasters and mismanagement, from the brood stock maintenance till reach to 3-5 g fingerling and finally market size fishes, are the following research steps. After determination of proportion percentages of each parameters regarding to arise the risk, analysis risks and risk management were done for trout fish aquaculture. Three provinces, Fars, Mazandaran and Charmahal Bakhtiary as poles production of trout fish were chosen as delegates of the whole Iran and insurance ability of trout fish hatcheries and aquaculture farms were done. Trout aquaculture standardization were obtained, natural disasters and mismanagement affected on aquaculture activities were recognized (Chapters 1 and 3) and due to importance of health and disease of trout fish, mortality causes and audit signs of also determined and analyzed (Chapter 2) . In Chapter 4, trout farms degraded and fix and natural disasters for trout fish brood stock, propagation hatcheries and cultural farms were analyzed and accounted. Finally, premium and recompense were accounted for hatchery and farm separately

Population structure study of Anzali wetland phytoplankton

Phytoplankton groups are very important producers in the Anzali lagoon that have a significant role in the quality of water and the need to be constantly study their sequence and density. The survey was conducted in six workstations March 1389-Feb 2012. Samples were taken for a liter of water with plicae (P.V.C) and fixed with formalin to 4% ratio. Five ml of the sample after becoming homogeneous, was sequestration for 24 hours in the laboratory and identified and counted by invert microscope. Based on the results of this reviews 67 genus (22, 26, 9, 5, 1, 2, 1, and 1 genus respectively of the Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta branches, Cryptophyta, Euglenophyta Chrysophyta, Pyrrophyta, the Xanthophyta) were identified. The results showed that the phytoplankton density was the most in Sorkhankol and Komeh Aghajani stations with annual average of 24387483±5643414 and 20381250 ± 5488084 per liter respectively. The Bacillariophyta ( particularly Cyclotella) was dominant in all of stations but high density of blue green algae (Cyanophyta) in Komeh aghajani station from July to mid-October have caused the annual average of these phylum is more than Bacillariophyta. In General, the average density of phytoplankton was the highest in summer than other seasons and was the lowest value in the fall. The number of the genus identified in this survey is less than previous studies. Compare this survey with the last studies reviews shows that diversity is reduced in the current situation in the Anzali than previous studies. According to the statistical analysis of the Kruskal Wallis, the density of phytoplankton had no significant differences in the different months, stations and seasons (p>0.05) but the phytoplankton phylums have significant differences (p<0.05) together

A parametric study on the dynamic response of planar multibody systems with multiple clearance joints

A general methodology for dynamic modeling and analysis of multibody systems with multiple clearance joints is presented and discussed in this paper. The joint components that constitute a real joint are modeled as colliding bodies, being their behavior influenced by geometric and physical properties of the contacting surfaces. A continuous contact force model, based on the elastic Hertz theory together with a dissipative term, is used to evaluate the intra-joint contact forces. Furthermore, the incorporation of the friction phenomenon, based on the classical Coulomb’s friction law, is also discussed. The suitable contact-impact force models are embedded into the dynamics of multibody systems methodologies. An elementary mechanical system is used to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the presented approach, and to discuss the main assumptions and procedures adopted. Different test scenarios are considered with the purpose of performing a parametric study for quantifying the influence of the clearance size, input crank speed and number of clearance joints on the dynamic response of multibody systems with multiple clearance joints. Additionally, the total computation time consumed in each simulation is evaluated in order to test the computational accuracy and efficiency of the presented approach. From the main results obtained in this study, it can be drawn that clearance size and the operating conditions play a crucial role in predicting accurately the dynamic responses of multibody systems.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT

Tracking development assistance for health and for COVID-19 : a review of development assistance, government, out-of-pocket, and other private spending on health for 204 countries and territories, 1990-2050

Background The rapid spread of COVID-19 renewed the focus on how health systems across the globe are financed, especially during public health emergencies. Development assistance is an important source of health financing in many low-income countries, yet little is known about how much of this funding was disbursed for COVID-19. We aimed to put development assistance for health for COVID-19 in the context of broader trends in global health financing, and to estimate total health spending from 1995 to 2050 and development assistance for COVID-19 in 2020. Methods We estimated domestic health spending and development assistance for health to generate total health-sector spending estimates for 204 countries and territories. We leveraged data from the WHO Global Health Expenditure Database to produce estimates of domestic health spending. To generate estimates for development assistance for health, we relied on project-level disbursement data from the major international development agencies' online databases and annual financial statements and reports for information on income sources. To adjust our estimates for 2020 to include disbursements related to COVID-19, we extracted project data on commitments and disbursements from a broader set of databases (because not all of the data sources used to estimate the historical series extend to 2020), including the UN Office of Humanitarian Assistance Financial Tracking Service and the International Aid Transparency Initiative. We reported all the historic and future spending estimates in inflation-adjusted 2020 US$, 2020 US$ per capita, purchasing-power parity-adjusted US$per capita, and as a proportion of gross domestic product. We used various models to generate future health spending to 2050. Findings In 2019, health spending globally reached$8. 8 trillion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 8.7-8.8) or $1132 (1119-1143) per person. Spending on health varied within and across income groups and geographical regions. Of this total,$40.4 billion (0.5%, 95% UI 0.5-0.5) was development assistance for health provided to low-income and middle-income countries, which made up 24.6% (UI 24.0-25.1) of total spending in low-income countries. We estimate that $54.8 billion in development assistance for health was disbursed in 2020. Of this,$13.7 billion was targeted toward the COVID-19 health response. $12.3 billion was newly committed and$1.4 billion was repurposed from existing health projects. $3.1 billion (22.4$2.4 billion (17.9%) was for supply chain and logistics. Only $714.4 million (7.7$1519 (1448-1591) per person in 2050, although spending across countries is expected to remain varied. Interpretation Global health spending is expected to continue to grow, but remain unequally distributed between countries. We estimate that development organisations substantially increased the amount of development assistance for health provided in 2020. Continued efforts are needed to raise sufficient resources to mitigate the pandemic for the most vulnerable, and to help curtail the pandemic for all. Copyright (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.Peer reviewe