In vitro technique for selecting onion FOR white rot disease- resistance

In vitro selection is one of the most effective and efficient techniques for plant improvement. This is due to its ability to isolate plants with the desired character(s), either by applying a selection agent on the culture media to drive the selection of somaclones with the required character(s), or by establishing particular conditions that change in the genomes of somaclones toward the required character. The objective of this study was to identify a suitable protocol for in vitro selection of Allium white rot disease ( Sclerotium cepivorum ) tolerance in commercial Egyptian onion varieties, namely Giza 20, Giza 6 and Beheri Red. Oxalic acid (OA), the phytotoxin produced by Sclerotium cepivorum, was used as the selective agent. Seeds of the three Egyptian varieties were germinated on four concentrations (0.0, 0.02, 0.2, 2 and 20 mM) of Oxalic acid. Among the tested cultivars, Beheri Red had the highest germination frequency (52%) at all concentrations tested, followed by Giza 20 (42.6%), and Giza 6 at (32%). Cotyledon explants from the varieties were cultured on toxic MSBDK> medium, supplemented with 0, 3, 6 and 12 mM OA. The survival of calli on MSBDK free toxic medium was 70.7% for all tested cultivars; however, MSBDK-stressed medium, with 3 mM OA reduced the viable calli to 42.1%. The highest OA concentration (12 mM) completely inhibited calli induction from cotyledons explants. A medium supplement with 3 mM OA retarded 80% of calli growth. Among 156 tested calli of Beheri Red, only 23 calli (14.7%) survived on toxic medium for 45 days. Similarly, there was 15.6% survival for Giza 20 calli, while 40.1% of the Giza 6 calli survived. Plantlets were regenerated from surviving calli and transplanted onto ex vitro, and formed bulb after acclimatisation.La selection In vitro est l\u2019une des techniques les plus efficaces en amelioration des plantes. Ceci est d\ufb \ue1 la capacit\ue9 qu\u2019\ue1 cette technique de permettre l\u2019isolation des plants avec des caract\ue8res d\ue9sir\ue9s. Ceci se fait de deux mani\ue8res; soit en appliquant un agent de selection sur le milieu de culture afin d\u2019orienter la s\ue9lection somaclonale de fa\ue7on \ue1 pr\ue9server le caract\ue8re desir\ue9, ou, en cr\ue9ant des conditions particuli\ue8res visant \ue1 modifier le genome afin dans le sens des caract\ue8res voulus. L\u2019ojectif de l\u2019\ue9tude \ue9tait d\u2019identifier un protocole ad\ue9quat pour la selection in vitro de la tol\ue9rance \ue1 la maladie de pourriture blanche ( Sclerotium cepivorum ) chez les vari\ue9t\ue9s commerciales d\u2019oignon en Egypte, en loccurence, Giza 20, Giza 6 et Beheri Red. L\u2019acide oxalique (OA), la phytotoxine produite par Sclerotium cepivorum, ont \ue9t\ue9 utilis\ue9s comme agent de s\ue9lection. Les semences des trois vari\ue9t\ue9s Egyptienne d\u2019oignon ont \ue9t\ue9 cultiv\ue9es sur quatre milieu de culture de diff\ue9rentes concentrations d\u2019acide oxalique (0.0, 0.02, 0.2, 2 et 20 mM). parmi les cultivars test\ue9s, Beheri Red avait la fr\ue9quence de germination la plus (52%) sur tous les quatre milieu de culture, puis vint Giza 20 (42,6%) et Giza 6 (32%). Des explants de cotyledons ont \ue9t\ue9 cultiv\ue9s sur milieu toxique MSBDK, additionn\ue9 de 0, 3, 6 et 12 mM de OA. Les calls survivants sur milieu toxique mais ne contenant pas de MSBDK \ue9tait de 70.7% pour tous les cultivars test\ue9s; n\ue9anmoins, le milieu contenant MSBDK, avec 3 mM de OA a caus\ue9 la r\ue9duction des calls viables de 42.1%. la plus forte concentration de OA (12 mM) a caus\ue9 une inhibiton complete de la r\ue9g\ue9ration des calls \ue1 partir des explants de cotyledons. Un milieu additionn\ue9 de 3 mM de OA \ue1 retard\ue9 la croissance des calls de 80%. Parmi les 156 calls de Beheri Red test\ue9s, seuls 23 calls, soit 14,7%, ont surv\ue9cu sur milieu toxique pendant 45 jours. De m\ueame, il y avait 15,6% de calls survivants Giza 20 calli, tandis que 40,1% des calls de Giza 6 ont surv\ue9cu. Des plantules ont \ue9t\ue9 r\ue9g\ue9n\ue9r\ue9 \ue1 partir des calls survivants et ceux ci ont \ue9t\ue9 transplant\ue9 sur milieu naturel, ils forment des bulbes d\u2019oignons apr\ue8s un temps d\u2019acclimatation

Maximum power point tracking improvement using type-2 fuzzy controller for wind system based on the double fed induction generator

Introduction. In this paper, to maximize energy transmission in wind power system, various Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) approaches are available. Among these techniques, we have proposed the one based on typical fuzzy logic. Despite the somewhat reduced performance of fuzzy MPPT. For a number of reasons, fuzzy MPPT can replace conventional optimization techniques. In practice, the effectiveness of conventional MPPT methods depends mainly on the accuracy of the information given and the wind speed or knowledge of the aerodynamic properties of the wind system. Novelty. Our new MPPT for monitoring the maximum power point has been proposed. We developed an algorithm to improve control performance and govern the stator’s developed active and reactive power using the typical fuzzy logic 2 and enable robust control of a grid-connected, doubly fed induction generator. Purpose. MPPT which implies the wind turbine’s rotating speed should be modified in real time to capture the most wind energy, is necessary to achieve high efficiency for wind energy conversion, according to the aerodynamic characteristics of the wind turbine. Methods. Developing a mathematical model for a wind energy production system is complex, can be strongly affected by wind variation and is a non-linear problem. Thanks to these characteristics, thus, the Lyapunov technique is combined with a sliding mode control to ensure overall asymptotic stability and robustness with regard to parametric fluctuations in order to accomplish this goal. We contrasted our fuzzy type-2 algorithm’s performance with that of the fuzzy type-1 and Perturbation & Observation (P&O) suggested in the literature. Practical value. The simulation results demonstrate that the control performance is satisfactory when using the fuzzy logic technique. From these results, it can be said for the optimization of energy conversion in wind systems, the fuzzy type-2 technique may offer a workable option. Since it presents a great possibility to avoid problems either technical or economics linked to conventional strategies.Вступ. У цій статті для максимізації передачі енергії у вітроенергетичній системі наведені різні підходи відстеження точки максимальної потужності (MPPT). Серед цих методів ми запропонували той, що базується на типовій нечіткій логіці. Незважаючи на дещо знижену продуктивність нечіткого MPPT. З ряду причин нечіткий MPPT може замінити звичайні методи оптимізації. На практиці ефективність звичайних методів MPPT залежить головним чином від точності наданої інформації та швидкості вітру або знання аеродинамічних властивостей вітрової системи. Новизна. Було запропоновано наш новий MPPT для моніторингу точки максимальної потужності. Ми розробили алгоритм для покращення продуктивності керування та керування розвиненою активною та реактивною потужністю статора за допомогою типової нечіткої логіки 2 та забезпечення надійного керування підключеним до мережі індукційним генератором із подвійним живленням. Мета. MPPT, який означає, що швидкість обертання вітряної турбіни має бути змінена в режимі реального часу, щоб отримувати найбільшу кількість енергії вітру, необхідна для досягнення високої ефективності перетворення енергії вітру відповідно до аеродинамічних характеристик вітрової турбіни. Методи. Розробка математичної моделі для системи виробництва вітрової енергії є складною, на неї можуть сильно впливати коливання вітру, яка є нелінійною задачею. Завдяки цим характеристикам, таким чином, метод Ляпунова поєднується з керуванням ковзним режимом для забезпечення загальної асимптотичної стабільності та стійкості щодо параметричних флуктуацій для досягнення цієї мети. Ми порівняли продуктивність нашого алгоритму нечіткого типу 2 з показниками алгоритмів нечіткого типу 1 і збурення та спостереження (P&O), запропонованих у літературі. Практична цінність. Результати моделювання демонструють, що ефективність керування є задовільною при використанні методу нечіткої логіки. З цих результатів можна сказати, що для оптимізації перетворення енергії у вітряних системах метод нечіткого типу 2 може запропонувати працездатний варіант, оскільки це чудова можливість уникнути технічних або економічних проблем, пов’язаних зі звичайними стратегіями

ANALISIS HUBUNGAN PROFIL KETERSEDIAAN OBAT TERHADAP PROFIL RASIONALITAS PERESEPAN PADA PASIEN RAWAT JALAN DI PUSKESMAS KABUPATEN BARITO KUALA PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN

Masalah ketersediaan obat sering dijumpai pada pelayanan kesehatan di Puskesmas. Sementara itu, rasionalitas peresepan merupakan hal penting dalam keberhasilan terapi pada pasien. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan profil ketersediaan obat terhadap profil rasionalitas peresepan di Puskesmas Kabupaten Barito Kuala Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan rancangan penelitian observasional yang bersifat prospektif. Data bersifat kuantitatif yang disajikan secara deskriptif dan analitik. Analisis korelasi dengan menggunakan uji Bivariate Pearson. Pengambilan data dilakukan di 19 puskesmas di Kabupaten Barito Kuala Kalimantan Selatan. Pengambilan sampel resep secara acak. Lembar resep pasien Puskesmas yang diambil secara acak berdasarkan perhitungan sampel yang didistribusikan dengan alokasi proporsional, tingkat kepercayaan 95% dan presisi relatif 0,05%. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2016. Profil ketersediaan obat di Kabupaten Barito Kuala ditunjukkan oleh data rata-rata tingkat ketersediaan obat sebesar 85,44%; rasio perputaran persediaan sebesar 3,04; stok mati dan stok berlebih nol persen serta masih adanya stok yang kadaluarsa dan stok kurang. Sementara itu, profil rasionalitas peresepan ditunjukkan oleh rata-rata resep yang rasional sebesar 66,05%; resep yang sesuai formularium nasional sebesar 56,29%; peresepan injeksi sebesar 0,30%; pemakaian generic sebesar 73,66%; peresepan antibiotik sebesar 29,85% dan rerata item obat sebesar 3,09. Hasil uji korelasi Pearson menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik antara profil ketersediaan obat terhadap profil rasionalitas peresepan, kecuali hubungan rasio perputaran persediaan terhadap peresepan obat generik dengan nilai koefisien korelasi r negatif (-0,556) dengan nilai signifikansi p < 0,05 yaitu sebesar 0,013

The Affect od audio visual education towards knowledge and the adherence DMT1 patients

Non adherence of Diabetes treatment still becomes a problem in Diabetes management. Moreover, the adherence of diabetes patients was affected by knowledge. This quantitative research design is one-group pretest-posttest to observe the influence of audiovisual education in type 1 diabetes patients at age 11-19 years who are self-injecting insulin towards knowledge and the adherence. Respondents were followed for 3 months using material education needed by patients altogether with ISP AD Guideline. There were significant differences before and after audio visual intervention toward the increasing of adherence by using questionaire, p=0.00(CI=0.95;a=0.05) with p-value<0.05. Knowledge data of type 1 diabetes patient before and after education from 22 participants by using questionerre, the mean of the pre-post intervention of knowledge were 5.36±2.574 and 8.05±2.299 with significant of knowledge and adherence p-value<0.05. This study conclude that audio visual education can affect knowledge and the adherence before and after education of the adholescent patient

Effects of audiovisual education on the knowledge and adherence of patients with DMT1

Nonadherence to the treatment of diabetes mellitus still poses a problem to the management of the disease. Moreover, the adherence of patients with diabetes is influenced by knowledge. This quantitative study design is a one-group pretest-posttest to observe the effect of audiovisual education on the knowledge and adherence of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus aged 11–19 years who were self-injecting insulin. Respondents were followed for 3 months using material education needed by patients according to the ISPAD guidelines. There were significant differences before and after audiovisual intervention with respect to the increase of adherence using a questionnaire (p = 0.00, CI = 0.95; α = 0.05), with p < 0.05. Knowledge data of 22 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus before and after education were collected by using the questionnaire, and the corresponding mean values were 5.36 ± 2.574 and 8.05 ± 2.299 (p < 0.05). We conclude that audiovisual education can affect the knowledge and adherence before and after education in adolescent patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Stabilin receptors clear LPS and control systemic inflammation

Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) cause lethal endotoxemia if not rapidly cleared from blood circulation. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) systemically clear LPS by unknown mechanisms. We discovered that LPS clearance through LSEC involves endocytosis and lysosomal inactivation via Stabilin-1 and 2 (Stab1 and Stab2) but does not involve TLR4. Cytokine production was inversely related to clearance/endocytosis of LPS by LSEC. When exposed to LPS, Stabilin double knockout mice (Stab DK) and Stab1 KO, but not Stab2 KO, showed significantly enhanced systemic inflammatory cytokine production and early death compared with WT mice. Stab1 KO is not significantly different from Stab DK in circulatory LPS clearance, LPS uptake and endocytosis by LSEC, and cytokine production. These data indicate that (1) Stab1 receptor primarily facilitates the proactive clearance of LPS and limits TLR4-mediated inflammation and (2) TLR4 and Stab1 are functionally opposing LPS receptors. These findings suggest that endotoxemia can be controlled by optimizing LPS clearance by Stab1

A checklist of native freshwater fish from Brantas River, East Java, Indonesia

Hasan V, Mamat NB, South J, Ottoni FP, Widodo MS, Arisandi P, Isroni W, Jerikho R, Samitra D, Faqih AR, Simanjuntak CPH, Mukti AT. 2022. A checklist of native freshwater fish from Brantas River, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6031-6039. This study aims to provide information on the freshwater fish species composition of the Brantas River, the second-largest river in Java, Indonesia. All samples used in this study were the caught activities during Fish Resource Survey (form May 5, 2021 to August 20, 2022). Sampling was carried out in four stations of the Brantas River, representing upstream, the Karangkates Reservoir, midstream, and downstream. This work recorded 42 fish species divided into 35 genera and 21 families. Cyprinidae was the dominant family, comprising 12 genera and 15 species. According to the IUCN Red List, most fish species inhabiting the Brantas River have a conservation status of Least Concern (LC) or Data Deficient (DD), except for Rasbora lateristriata which is categorized as Vulnerable (VU). Genera Tor and Neolissochilus are rarely found in Javanese waters. We suggest that the conservation status of these species should be reviewed. Information on habitat use and ecological interactions of fish occurring in the Brantas River are needed urgently to make appropriate conservation decisions and plans. Therefore, we suggest that more collections need to be carried out in the studied river, as well as studies based on eDNA analysis and research incorporating both morphological and molecular data

Burden of disease scenarios for 204 countries and territories, 2022–2050: a forecasting analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Background: Future trends in disease burden and drivers of health are of great interest to policy makers and the public at large. This information can be used for policy and long-term health investment, planning, and prioritisation. We have expanded and improved upon previous forecasts produced as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) and provide a reference forecast (the most likely future), and alternative scenarios assessing disease burden trajectories if selected sets of risk factors were eliminated from current levels by 2050. Methods: Using forecasts of major drivers of health such as the Socio-demographic Index (SDI; a composite measure of lag-distributed income per capita, mean years of education, and total fertility under 25 years of age) and the full set of risk factor exposures captured by GBD, we provide cause-specific forecasts of mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) by age and sex from 2022 to 2050 for 204 countries and territories, 21 GBD regions, seven super-regions, and the world. All analyses were done at the cause-specific level so that only risk factors deemed causal by the GBD comparative risk assessment influenced future trajectories of mortality for each disease. Cause-specific mortality was modelled using mixed-effects models with SDI and time as the main covariates, and the combined impact of causal risk factors as an offset in the model. At the all-cause mortality level, we captured unexplained variation by modelling residuals with an autoregressive integrated moving average model with drift attenuation. These all-cause forecasts constrained the cause-specific forecasts at successively deeper levels of the GBD cause hierarchy using cascading mortality models, thus ensuring a robust estimate of cause-specific mortality. For non-fatal measures (eg, low back pain), incidence and prevalence were forecasted from mixed-effects models with SDI as the main covariate, and YLDs were computed from the resulting prevalence forecasts and average disability weights from GBD. Alternative future scenarios were constructed by replacing appropriate reference trajectories for risk factors with hypothetical trajectories of gradual elimination of risk factor exposure from current levels to 2050. The scenarios were constructed from various sets of risk factors: environmental risks (Safer Environment scenario), risks associated with communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases (CMNNs; Improved Childhood Nutrition and Vaccination scenario), risks associated with major non-communicable diseases (NCDs; Improved Behavioural and Metabolic Risks scenario), and the combined effects of these three scenarios. Using the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways climate scenarios SSP2-4.5 as reference and SSP1-1.9 as an optimistic alternative in the Safer Environment scenario, we accounted for climate change impact on health by using the most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change temperature forecasts and published trajectories of ambient air pollution for the same two scenarios. Life expectancy and healthy life expectancy were computed using standard methods. The forecasting framework includes computing the age-sex-specific future population for each location and separately for each scenario. 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for each individual future estimate were derived from the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles of distributions generated from propagating 500 draws through the multistage computational pipeline. Findings: In the reference scenario forecast, global and super-regional life expectancy increased from 2022 to 2050, but improvement was at a slower pace than in the three decades preceding the COVID-19 pandemic (beginning in 2020). Gains in future life expectancy were forecasted to be greatest in super-regions with comparatively low life expectancies (such as sub-Saharan Africa) compared with super-regions with higher life expectancies (such as the high-income super-region), leading to a trend towards convergence in life expectancy across locations between now and 2050. At the super-region level, forecasted healthy life expectancy patterns were similar to those of life expectancies. Forecasts for the reference scenario found that health will improve in the coming decades, with all-cause age-standardised DALY rates decreasing in every GBD super-region. The total DALY burden measured in counts, however, will increase in every super-region, largely a function of population ageing and growth. We also forecasted that both DALY counts and age-standardised DALY rates will continue to shift from CMNNs to NCDs, with the most pronounced shifts occurring in sub-Saharan Africa (60·1% [95% UI 56·8–63·1] of DALYs were from CMNNs in 2022 compared with 35·8% [31·0–45·0] in 2050) and south Asia (31·7% [29·2–34·1] to 15·5% [13·7–17·5]). This shift is reflected in the leading global causes of DALYs, with the top four causes in 2050 being ischaemic heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, compared with 2022, with ischaemic heart disease, neonatal disorders, stroke, and lower respiratory infections at the top. The global proportion of DALYs due to YLDs likewise increased from 33·8% (27·4–40·3) to 41·1% (33·9–48·1) from 2022 to 2050, demonstrating an important shift in overall disease burden towards morbidity and away from premature death. The largest shift of this kind was forecasted for sub-Saharan Africa, from 20·1% (15·6–25·3) of DALYs due to YLDs in 2022 to 35·6% (26·5–43·0) in 2050. In the assessment of alternative future scenarios, the combined effects of the scenarios (Safer Environment, Improved Childhood Nutrition and Vaccination, and Improved Behavioural and Metabolic Risks scenarios) demonstrated an important decrease in the global burden of DALYs in 2050 of 15·4% (13·5–17·5) compared with the reference scenario, with decreases across super-regions ranging from 10·4% (9·7–11·3) in the high-income super-region to 23·9% (20·7–27·3) in north Africa and the Middle East. The Safer Environment scenario had its largest decrease in sub-Saharan Africa (5·2% [3·5–6·8]), the Improved Behavioural and Metabolic Risks scenario in north Africa and the Middle East (23·2% [20·2–26·5]), and the Improved Nutrition and Vaccination scenario in sub-Saharan Africa (2·0% [–0·6 to 3·6]). Interpretation: Globally, life expectancy and age-standardised disease burden were forecasted to improve between 2022 and 2050, with the majority of the burden continuing to shift from CMNNs to NCDs. That said, continued progress on reducing the CMNN disease burden will be dependent on maintaining investment in and policy emphasis on CMNN disease prevention and treatment. Mostly due to growth and ageing of populations, the number of deaths and DALYs due to all causes combined will generally increase. By constructing alternative future scenarios wherein certain risk exposures are eliminated by 2050, we have shown that opportunities exist to substantially improve health outcomes in the future through concerted efforts to prevent exposure to well established risk factors and to expand access to key health interventions

Coupled Analytical-Finite Element Methods for Linear Electromagnetic Actuator Analysis

In this paper, a linear electromagnetic actuator with moving parts is analyzed. The movement is considered through the modification of boundary conditions only using coupled analytical and finite element analysis. In order to evaluate the dynamic performance of the device, the coupling between electric, magnetic and mechanical phenomena is established. The displacement of the moving parts and the inductor current are determined when the device is supplied by capacitor discharge voltage