22 research outputs found
The leaching of natural colloids from forest surface soils and their role for the P transfer
Soil nanoparticles (d<100nm) and colloids (d<1µm) exert a decisive control on the mobilisation of strongly sorbing compounds such as phosphorus (P). We investigated the nanoparticles and colloids present in forest soil leachates examining their role for the P fixation and for the vertical P transfer in forest soils.
Mesocosm experiments with three German forest soils (upper 20 cm) were conducted. The mesocosms were irrigated with artificial rain for 22 months and the nanoparticles and colloids were characterised in the soil leachates with special attention to P.
The field flow fractionation (FFF) technique coupled online to UV- and DLS- detectors and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) or to an organic carbon detector (OCD) enabled a size resolved characterization and quantification of the nanoparticulate and colloidal fractions and their elemental composition (P, Corg, Fe, A, Si, Ca. Mn). To visualise and better characterise the particles present in the leachates, transmission electron microscopy with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (TEM-EDX) measurements were performed.
The translocated particles exhibited sizes up to 350 nm. Using FFF we separated the colloids in three size fractions i) 3-20 nm ii) 20-70 nm and iii) 70-350 nm. The particle fractions showed different chemical compositions. However their composition and characteristics were similar between the three forest sites and comparable to the natural nanoparticles and colloids from soils (“water dispersible colloids”) and streams described in literature.
Up to 90% (on average ~45 %) of the leached P was associated with the nanoparticles and colloids. Our qualitative and quantitative analysis of the soil leachates showed that nanoparticles and colloids are crucial vectors controlling the P fluxes in forest ecosystems and could be a significant, but as yet still poorly quantified P loss factor
Detectable contributions of colloids to soil P and C content in arid and hyperarid region of the Atacama (Chile)
Atacama Desert is mainly known as the driest place on Earth where life has been developed under arid to hyper arid conditions since Oligocene-Miocene. Therefore, soils of Atacama contain fingerprints of past and present life which might be used as an analog to study the evolution of life under equivalent arid conditions, like Mars. In this study, we quantify the colloidal phosphorus and carbon distribution in the first 10 cm of soil profile along an altitudinal transect. Samples were taken along a transect in the region of Quebrada Aroma spanning from the arid Percordillera of the Andes (2720 m a.s.l.) towards the hyper arid core of the desert (1340 m a.s.l.). Water dispersible colloids (WDC) were separated and measured using the field-flow-field fractionation (FFF) method and subsequently their Corg and P content were characterized and quantified by detectors (DLS, ICP-MS, UV, OCD, fluorescence). Data was compared to total C, P and (available) Olsen-P also measured in the samples.
The Olsen-P (available-P) varied within the Aroma transect from ca. 2 to 8 mg P kg-1, but was not related to either altitude or depth in the upper soil (0-10 cm). Colloidal P contents ranged from <0.1 to 4 mg P kg-1 soil, with increasing trend from low to higher elevations. Thereby, suggesting an increasing proportion of the available P potential being present in the WDC fraction. The Colloidal Corg content of the Aroma transect did range from 65 to 90 (for sites 2020 to 1340m) and 110 mg Corg kg-1 soil WDC (2720 m). Colloidal Corg content as a function of the altitude showed a similar trend to the Corg content of the soils: the highest colloidal Corg content was found at 2720 m. The proportion of soil Corg within the colloidal fraction was up to 6% of the bulk soil organic matter (OM) content, as the OM content was intensively enriched in the colloidal fraction. Further quantification of phosphorus and carbon content in WDC in deeper part of soil is required to obtain a more comprehensive view of role of colloidal inputs and dynamics in the Atacama Desert
Organic phosphorus in the terrestrial environment: a perspective on the state of the art and future priorities
Correction to: Plant Soil. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-017-3391-xInternational audienc
Elemental Composition of Natural Nanoparticles and Fine Colloids in European Forest Stream Waters and Their Role as Phosphorus Carriers
"This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Gottselig, N., W. Amelung, J. W. Kirchner, R. Bol, W. Eugster, S. J. Granger, C. Hernández-Crespo, et al. 2017. Elemental Composition of Natural Nanoparticles and Fine Colloids in European Forest Stream Waters and Their Role as Phosphorus Carriers. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 31 (10). American Geophysical Union (AGU): 1592 1607. doi:10.1002/2017gb005657, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GB005657. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving."[EN] Biogeochemical cycling of elements largely occurs in dissolved state, but many elements may also be bound to natural nanoparticles (NNP, 1-100 nm) and fine colloids (100-450 nm). We examined the hypothesis that the size and composition of stream water NNP and colloids vary systematically across Europe. To test this hypothesis, 96 stream water samples were simultaneously collected in 26 forested headwater catchments along two transects across Europe. Three size fractions (similar to 1-20 nm, >20-60 nm, and >60 nm) of NNP and fine colloids were identified with Field Flow Fractionation coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and an organic carbon detector. The results showed that NNP and fine colloids constituted between 2 +/- 5% (Si) and 53 +/- 21% (Fe; mean +/- SD) of total element concentrations, indicating a substantial contribution of particles to element transport in these European streams, especially for P and Fe. The particulate contents of Fe, Al, and organic C were correlated to their total element concentrations, but those of particulate Si, Mn, P, and Ca were not. The fine colloidal fractions >60 nm were dominated by clay minerals across all sites. The resulting element patterns of NNP <60 nm changed from North to South Europe from Fe-to Ca-dominated particles, along with associated changes in acidity, forest type, and dominant lithology.The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of the following people in locating suitable sampling sites, contacting site operators, performing the sampling, and providing data: A. Avila Castells (Autonomous University of Barcelona), R. Batalla (University of Lleida), P. Blomkvist (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences), H. Bogena (Julich Research Center), A.K. Boulet (University of Aveiro), D. Estany (University of Lleida), F. Garnier (French National Institute of Agricultural Research), H.J. Hendricks-Franssen (Research Center Julich), L. JacksonBlake (James Hutton Institute, NIVA), T. Laurila (Finnish Meteorological Institute), A. Lindroth (Lund University), M.M. Monerris (Universitat Politecnica de Valencia), M. Ottosson Lofvenius (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences), I. Taberman (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences), F. Wendland (Research Center Julich), T. Zetterberg (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and The Swedish Environmental Research Institute, IVL) and further unnamed contributors. The Swedish Infrastructure for Ecosystem Science (SITES) and the Swedish Integrated Monitoring, the latter financed by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, and ICOS Sweden have supported sampling and provided data for the Swedish sites. J.J.K. gratefully acknowledges the support from CESAM (UID/AMB/50017/2013), funded by the FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC) with cofunding by FEDER through COMPETE. N.G. gratefully acknowledges all those who contributed to organizing and implementing the continental sampling. The raw data can be found at http://hdl.handle.net/2128/14937. This project was partly funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG KL2495/1-1).Gottselig, N.; Amelung, W.; Kirchner, J.; Bol, R.; Eugster, W.; Granger, S.; Hernández Crespo, C.... 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Semaine d'études de questions théoriques et pratiques de psychologie de l’enfant (Zurich, 15-21 juillet 1956)
Missong A. Semaine d'études de questions théoriques et pratiques de psychologie de l’enfant (Zurich, 15-21 juillet 1956). In: Bulletin de psychologie, tome 10 n°1, 1956. pp. 47-49
Citric Acid Effect on the Abundance, Size and Composition of Water-Dispersible Soil Colloids and Its Relationship to Soil Phosphorus Desorption:A Case Study
Citric acid exudation by plant roots is often linked to the mobilisation of recalcitrant soil phosphorus (P) for plant nutrition. In this case study, we have explored the effect of citric acid on the abundance, size and composition of water-dispersible soil colloids (WDC) to understand the mineral source of desorbed P and the chemical nature of P-carrying mobilized colloids. After incubation with citric acid, WDC were isolated using a soil particle-size fractionation method consisting of sedimentation, centrifugation and syringe filtration. The size range and composition of WDC was assessed using field-flow fractionation (FFF), combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and UV spectrometry, for in vitro P desorption assay samples under the influence of increasing doses of citric acid. Three sharp and well-defined FFF particle size fractions of WDC containing P (12–23, 23–36 and 36–300 nm), with elution times matching carbon (C) peaks and offset from Fe, Al and Si fractions. The concentration of soluble or WDC-associated P, C, Fe, Al and Si increased in response to increasing citric acid doses. Silica colloids were only detected using syringe filtration below 5 µm. The Si, Fe and Al-containing fine colloid fractions (<600 nm) were positively correlated with P (de)sorption parameters measured by diffusive gradient in thin films in previous work. The P desorbed by citric acid originated predominantly from the disaggregation of Fe and Al oxides and silicate clays. The citric acid effect on mobilizing organic P carrying WDC fractions may increase soil organic P cycling and availability to plants
Seasonality, Capital Inflexibility, and the Industrialization of Animal Production
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