RB mutation and RAS overexpression induce resistance to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity in glioma cells

Several theories aim to explain the malignant transformation of cells, including the mutation of tumor suppressors and proto-oncogenes. Deletion of Rb (a tumor suppressor), overexpression of mutated Ras (a proto-oncogene), or both, are sufficient for in vitro gliomagenesis, and these genetic traits are associated with their proliferative capacity. An emerging hallmark of cancer is the ability of tumor cells to evade the immune system. Whether specific mutations are related with this, remains to be analyzed. To address this issue, three transformed glioma cell lines were obtained (Rb(-/-), Ras(V12), and Rb(-/-)/Ras(V12)) by in vitro retroviral transformation of astrocytes, as previously reported. In addition, Ras(V12) and Rb(-/-)/Ras(V12) transformed cells were injected into SCID mice and after tumor growth two stable glioma cell lines were derived. All these cells were characterized in terms of Rb and Ras gene expression, morphology, proliferative capacity, expression of MHC I, Rae1delta, and Rae1alphabetagammadeltaepsilon, mult1, H60a, H60b, H60c, as ligands for NK cell receptors, and their susceptibility to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Our results show that transformation of astrocytes (Rb loss, Ras overexpression, or both) induced phenotypical and functional changes associated with resistance to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Moreover, the transfer of cell lines of transformed astrocytes into SCID mice increased resistance to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity, thus suggesting that specific changes in a tumor suppressor (Rb) and a proto-oncogene (Ras) are enough to confer resistance to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity in glioma cells and therefore provide some insight into the ability of tumor cells to evade immune responses.Xunta de GaliciaComisión EuropeaInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIConsejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT)Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT)FOSSISXunta de Galicia/PXIB208091PRISCIII/CB158340ISCIII/CB180851FOSSIS/18236

LiDAR-photogrammetry coverage, bathymetry and infrastructures survey to support flood risk analysis in the Genil River sub-basin

[EN] Floods are the natural disasters that affect the most people in the Atlantic Area. In this sense, the AA-Floods project is developed with the objective of developing and highlighting new tools, plans and regulations that improve the management and response to floods. The importance of quality altimetric information for the evaluation of flood danger is based on the fact that it requires knowledge, as detailed and precise as possible, of the relief and the heights of the elements located above the ground. To this end, the acquisition of LIDAR coverage with a density of 21 points/m² and photogrammetric coverage has been carried out to obtain Orthophotographs of 0.10 m for the generation of altimetric products with great positional accuracy and high precision in the study areas of the Genil River basin. Likewise, the bathymetric survey of the Genil River bed has been carried out and the final Topobathymetric Model has been obtained. Furthermore, for the adequate development of hydraulic modeling and determination of flood zones, it is necessary to take into consideration all those structural elements close to the channel that affect flood risk. To achieve this, a combination of geomatic techniques has been used: Classic Topography, GNSS, Lasergrammetry (LST) and Drone Photogrammetry. Analysis of flood areas has been carried out with these improved information sources, contrasting them with analysis of information sources used by the National Mapping System of flood areas. The flood sheet results for the different return periods have been contrasted with the 2010 flood sheets mapped by direct observation using Satellite Radar (SAR) technology.[ES] Las inundaciones son los desastres naturales que afectan a más personas en el Área Atlántica. En este sentido, el proyecto AA-Floods tiene el objetivo de desarrollar y poner en valor nuevas herramientas, planes y regulaciones que mejoren la gestión y la respuesta a las inundaciones. La importancia de la información altimétrica de calidad para la evaluación del peligro de inundación se basa en el conocimiento lo más detallado y preciso posible del relieve y de las alturas de los elementos situados sobre el suelo. Para ello se ha llevado a cabo una cobertura LiDAR de densidad 21 ptos/m² y fotogramétrica de resolución 0,10 m para la generación de productos altimétricos de gran exactitud posicional y alta precisión en los ámbitos de estudio de la cuenca del río Genil. Así mismo, se ha realizado el levantamiento batimétrico del cauce del río Genil y la obtención de Modelo final Topobatimétrico. Además, para el desarrollo adecuado de la modelización hidráulica y determinación de zonas inundables es necesario tomar en consideración todos aquellos elementos estructurales del cauce que afectan a la inundabilidad. Se ha realizado análisis de zonas inundables con estas fuentes de información que mejoran las utilizadas por el SNCZI. Los resultados se han contrastado con las láminas de inundación de 2010 cartografiadas mediante observación directa mediante satélite Radar.Este trabajo se ha financiado por el proyecto EAPA_45/2018_AA-FLOODS. Universidade da Coruña, Grupo de Ingeniería del Agua y del Medio Ambiente, Departamento de Ingeniería Civil, ETSICCP Agencia de Medio Ambiente y Agua. Junta de Andalucía Secretaría General de Sostenibilidad, Medio Ambiente y Economía Azul. Consejería de Sostenibilidad, Medio Ambiente y Economía Azul. Junta de Andalucía.Vales-Bravo, JJ.; Méndez-Caballero, EM.; Prieto-Molina, R.; Granado-Ruíz, L.; Pino-Serrato, I.; Sañudo-Costoya, E.; García-Alén Lores, G.... (2024). Cobertura LiDAR-Fotogramétrica, batimetría y levantamiento de infraestructuras como soporte al análisis de riesgos de inundación en la subcuenca del río Genil. Revista de Teledetección. (63):79-97. https://doi.org/10.4995/raet.2024.2048179976

Perceptions of teachers and directors about the factors that promote or constrain environmental education in schools of Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires, Argentina

El trabajo aborda las percepciones de docentes y directores de escuelas acerca delos factores que promueven u obstaculizan una educación ambiental compleja, generadora de conocimientos, con dispositivos participativos y orientados a la equidad en instituciones educativas del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires (Argentina). Como resultado se observaron experiencias heterogéneas y voluntad de instalar nuevas prácticas, pero con factores que limitan el cambio: pautas culturales arraigadas; deficiencias en la capacitación docente, en cuanto a las políticas públicas; poca claridad en las definiciones sobre los objetivos de la educación ambiental, su abordaje curricular y los dispositivos pedagógicos. Prevalecen enfoques fragmentados, naturalistas y la ausencia de una visión crítica. A nivel institucional, se discute lapertinencia de implementar prácticas sustentables en el aula. Las propias percepciones también operan como obstáculos. Todo esto dificulta la adopción de nuevas acciones de educación ambiental con el ímpetu necesario para sostenerlas en el tiempo.The paper examines the perceptions of teachers and directors regarding the factors that promote or constrain complex environmental education, which generates knowledge, with participatory devices and oriented to equity in educational institutions in Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires (Argentina). As result, we detected heterogeneous experiences and willingness to set new practices up. But there are factors limiting the change: deep-rooted cultural customs; shortcomings in terms of teacher training; in public policies a lack of clarity about environmental education objectives, curricular approach and pedagogical devices. Fragmented and naturalists approaches, and lack of a critical perspective prevail. At the institutional level, the relevance of implementing sustainable practices in classroom is discussed. Perceptions also operate as obstacles. All this hinders the adoption of new environmental education actions and the momentum needed to sustain them over time.Fil: Saidon, Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Claverie, Julieta Andrea. Universidad Nacional de Tres de Febrero. Nucleo Interd de Formación y Est P/e/des D/l/educ; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Body mass index and complications following major gastrointestinal surgery: A prospective, international cohort study and meta-analysis

Aim Previous studies reported conflicting evidence on the effects of obesity on outcomes after gastrointestinal surgery. The aims of this study were to explore the relationship of obesity with major postoperative complications in an international cohort and to present a metaanalysis of all available prospective data. Methods This prospective, multicentre study included adults undergoing both elective and emergency gastrointestinal resection, reversal of stoma or formation of stoma. The primary end-point was 30-day major complications (Clavien\u2013Dindo Grades III\u2013V). A systematic search was undertaken for studies assessing the relationship between obesity and major complications after gastrointestinal surgery. Individual patient meta-analysis was used to analyse pooled results. Results This study included 2519 patients across 127 centres, of whom 560 (22.2%) were obese. Unadjusted major complication rates were lower in obese vs normal weight patients (13.0% vs 16.2%, respectively), but this did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.863) on multivariate analysis for patients having surgery for either malignant or benign conditions. Individual patient meta-analysis demonstrated that obese patients undergoing surgery formalignancy were at increased risk of major complications (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.49\u20132.96, P < 0.001), whereas obese patients undergoing surgery for benign indications were at decreased risk (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.46\u20130.75, P < 0.001) compared to normal weight patients. Conclusions In our international data, obesity was not found to be associated with major complications following gastrointestinal surgery. Meta-analysis of available prospective data made a novel finding of obesity being associated with different outcomes depending on whether patients were undergoing surgery for benign or malignant disease