Work Organisation and Human Resource Management: Does Context Matter?

International audienceThis chapter focuses on a set of human resource management (HRM) practices that are concerned with the ways in which employees are organised and incentivised at the point of production, taking its lead from the literature which argues that the use of high-involvement work organisation, incentives, and performance targets will aid productivity and workplace performance. The findings suggest that workplaces in France are more likely than those in Britain to adopt ‘high-performance’ work practices. The use of incentives is associated with higher productivity in both countries, delivering better financial performance in France and higher wages in Britain

Genome-wide analyses identify KIF5A as a novel ALS gene

© 2018 Elsevier Inc.To identify novel genes associated with ALS, we undertook two lines of investigation. We carried out a genome-wide association study comparing 20,806 ALS cases and 59,804 controls. Independently, we performed a rare variant burden analysis comparing 1,138 index familial ALS cases and 19,494 controls. Through both approaches, we identified kinesin family member 5A (KIF5A) as a novel gene associated with ALS. Interestingly, mutations predominantly in the N-terminal motor domain of KIF5A are causative for two neurodegenerative diseases: hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG10) and Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2 (CMT2). In contrast, ALS-associated mutations are primarily located at the C-terminal cargo-binding tail domain and patients harboring loss-of-function mutations displayed an extended survival relative to typical ALS cases. Taken together, these results broaden the phenotype spectrum resulting from mutations in KIF5A and strengthen the role of cytoskeletal defects in the pathogenesis of ALS.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio