保利艺术博物馆收藏的两件铜方鼎笔谈

保利艺术博物馆近期入藏的两件铜方鼎,即商代末期的方鼎和西周初期的荣仲方鼎,对历史文化研究有很大价值。其资料在我刊发表后,已引起学术界的关注。现特约请有关专家对这两件铜鼎撰写笔谈(以姓氏笔画为序),以促进学术研究和讨论

质子滴线区新的缓发质子先驱核~(121)Ce

藉助核反应92 Mo( 3 2 S ,3n)产生了未知的缓发质子先驱核12 1Ce ,并利用氦喷嘴快速带传输系统和“p γ”符合方法对它进行了鉴别 .测定了12 1Ce的半衰期 ( 1 1±0 .1 )s,观测了它的β缓发质子能谱 ,粗略地估计了它的 β缓发质子衰变道的分支比约为 1 % .首次观测了先驱核119Ba,12 1Ba和12 2 La经过β缓发衰变在“子核”中产生的低位能级到基态的γ跃迁 .中国科学院“八五”重大项目子课题及国家自然科学基金!(批准号 :19475 0 5 5 )资助项

实验测定~(183)0s的Q_(EC)值

用39 MeV-α粒子轰击天然钨靶产生了~(183)Os测量了~(183)Os衰变的γ-β符合谱,确定了β~+能谱的端点能量。最终提取出~(183)Os衰变的Q_(EC)值:Q_(EC)=2.24±0.10 MeV,与系统学的估计值:2.304±0.10MeV在误差范围内相符

合成和研究滴线区新核素β延发质子先驱核~(121)Ce

利用￣（３２）Ｓ束轰击￣（９２）Ｍｏ靶，熔合蒸发３ｎ反应合成了￣（１２１）Ｃｅ．藉助于具有γ（Ｘ）－ｐ－ｔ符合测量的氦喷嘴反冲快速带传输系统进行分离和鉴别．实验定出￣（１２１）Ｃｅ的半衰期为（１．１±０．１）ｓ，观测到了￣（１２１）Ｃｅ的延发质子谱并近似估计了延发质子分支比为（１．０±０．５）％．New β-delayed proton precursor 121Ce has been produced by the reaction 92Mo(32S,3n)and studied by using γ(X)-p coincidence with a He-Jet recoil fast tape transportsystem. The half-life of 121Ce was determined to be(1.1±0.1)s. Its β-delayed protonspectrum has been observed and the β-delayed proton branching ratio for 121Ce wasestimated to be(1.0±0.5)%.中国科学院八五重大项目,国家自然科学基

合成和研究滴线区新核素——β延发质子先驱核~(135)Gd

藉助核反应~(106)Cd(~(32)S,3n)产生了未知的β延发质子先驱核~(135)Gd,并利用氦喷嘴快速带传输系统和γ(X)-P符合测量技术对它进行了鉴别。测定出~(135)Gd衰变的半衰期为(1.1±0.2)s。观测了它的β延发质子能谱。近似估计出其β延发质子衰变道的分支比约为2％。中国科学院“八五”重大项目;;及国家自然科学基金资助项

Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: In most western industrialised countries, second generation (atypical) antipsychotics are recommended as first line drug treatments for people with schizophrenia. In this review we specifically examine how the efficacy and tolerability of one such agent - aripiprazole - differs from that of other comparable second generation antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of aripiprazole compared with other atypical antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (November 2011), inspected references of all identified studies for further trials, and contacted relevant pharmaceutical companies, drug approval agencies and authors of trials for additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing aripiprazole (oral) with oral and parenteral forms of amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone or zotepine for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data independently. For dichotomous data we calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis based on a random-effects model. Where possible, we calculated illustrative comparative risks for primary outcomes. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD), again based on a random-effects model. We assessed risk of bias for each included study. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials involving 6389 patients. Aripiprazole was compared to olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. All trials were sponsored by an interested drug manufacturer. The overall number of participants leaving studies early was 30% to 40%, limiting validity (no differences between groups).When compared with olanzapine no differences were apparent for global state (no clinically important change: n = 703, 1 RCT, RR short-term 1.00 95% CI 0.81 to 1.22; n = 317, 1 RCT, RR medium-term 1.08 95% CI 0.95 to 1.22) but mental state tended to favour olanzapine (n = 1360, 3 RCTs, MD total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 4.68 95% CI 2.21 to 7.16). There was no significant difference in extrapyramidal symptoms (n = 529, 2 RCTs, RR 0.99 95% CI 0.62 to 1.59) but fewer in the aripiprazole group had increased cholesterol levels (n = 223, 1 RCT, RR 0.32 95% CI 0.19 to 0.54) or weight gain of 7% or more of total body weight (n = 1095, 3 RCTs, RR 0.39 95% CI 0.28 to 0.54).When compared with risperidone, aripiprazole showed no advantage in terms of global state (n = 384, 2 RCTs, RR no important improvement 1.14 95% CI 0.81 to 1.60) or mental state (n = 372, 2 RCTs, MD total PANSS 1.50 95% CI -2.96 to 5.96).One study compared aripiprazole with ziprasidone (n = 247) and both the groups reported similar change in the global state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD average change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score -0.03 95% CI -0.28 to 0.22) and mental state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD change PANSS -3.00 95% CI -7.29 to 1.29).When compared with any one of several new generation antipsychotic drugs the aripiprazole group showed improvement in global state in energy (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.69 95% CI 0.56 to 0.84), mood (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.77 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92), negative symptoms (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.82 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99), somnolence (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.80 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93) and weight gain (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.84 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94). Significantly more people given aripiprazole reported symptoms of nausea (n = 2881, 3 RCTs, RR 3.13 95% CI 2.12 to 4.61) but weight gain (7% or more of total body weight) was less common in people allocated aripiprazole (n = 330, 1 RCT, RR 0.35 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64). Aripiprazole may have value in aggression but data are limited. This will be the focus of another review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Information on all comparisons are of limited quality, are incomplete and problematic to apply clinically. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug with a variant but not absent adverse effect profile. Long-term data are sparse and there is considerable scope for another update of this review as new data emerges from the many Chinese studies as well as from ongoing larger, independent pragmatic trials

JUNO Sensitivity on Proton Decay p→νˉK+p\to \bar\nu K^+ Searches

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this paper, the potential on searching for proton decay in $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits to suppress the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ is 36.9% with a background level of 0.2 events after 10 years of data taking. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel