纳米Co_3O_4的制备及其在富氢气氛下CO选择氧化反应中的催化性能

过渡金属氧化物四氧化三钴(Co3O4)在CO氧化反应中展示了较好的低温活性.Co3O4催化剂用于富氢气氛下CO选择氧化反应已引起了人们极大的关注,具有潜在的应用前景.采用液相沉淀-热解氧化方法制备了2种不同形貌的纳米Co3O4.用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等技术考察了包括沉淀剂种类、老化时间、焙烧温度等合成条件对生成Co3O4形貌、晶粒尺度的影响.制备的Co3O4的外形与沉淀前驱物外形直接相关.焙烧温度越高,Co3O4的颗粒越大.研究了制得的Co3O4在富氢气氛下CO选择氧化反应中的催化性能.对比以上方法制备的Co3O4的催化性能发现,催化剂的粒径和比表面积与催化剂的活性存在关联.使用尿素沉淀法并经250~300℃空气热解氧化制得的Co3O4具有较好的催化活性

离子注入GaAs实现双包层掺镱光纤激光器被动调Q锁模

用离子注入的半绝缘GaAs晶片作为吸收体和输出镜,在双包层掺镱光纤激光器上实现了调Q锁模.离子注入的能量为400keV的As+离子,注入剂量为1016/cm2,然后在600℃下退火20min.当抽运功率为5W时,脉冲平均输出功率为200mW,调Q包络重复频率为50kHz,半高宽为4μs,锁模脉冲重复频率为15MHz

Synthesis of poly(methyl methacrylate) by stable free radical polymerization-rate enhancement by malononitrile

[中文文摘]研究了以 2 ,2 ,6 ,6 -四甲基 - 1-哌啶氧化物 (TEMPO)作为稳定自由基 ,过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂 ,丙二腈 (MN)为加速剂 ,极性单体甲基丙烯酸甲酯的聚合 .在丙二腈的促进下 ,聚合速率明显加快 ,4h可达 89%的转化率 .在聚合过程中 ,分子量变化不大 ,分子量分布较窄 .随着聚合体系温度提高 ,转化率随之升高 ,到达 12 0℃后 ,转化率反而下降 ,分散性变化不大 .12 0℃为其较理想的聚合温度 .通过对模型聚合物的核磁共振 (1HNMR)分析 ,发现氧氮自由基部分脱落 ,解释了极性单体不能在稳定自由基存在下进行活性聚合的原因 .对氧氮自由基易从主链脱落的可能解释是两个腈基的强吸电子效应削弱了C -O键 ,从而使氧氮自由基与主链的连接减弱 ,导致分子量不可控制。[英文文摘]Poly (methyl methacrylate) was synthesized starting from benzoyl peroxide and TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxy). It was found that nitroxide mediated polymerization of methyl methacrylate was distinctly accelerated by the addition of small amount of malononitrile (MN). During the whole course, the polydispersities were narrow and the molecular weight didn't increase with conversion and time. When the reaction temperature was enhanced, the rates increased but when the temperature reached 120℃, they stopped increasing and began to drop and the polydispersities kept low. 120 ℃was the optimal temperature for this system. Through the 1H NMR analysis of PMMA , it was found TEMPO partly departed from the main chain , which explained that polar monomer couldn’t polymerize in a living manner in the presence of stable free radical .固体表面物理化学国家重点实验

Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: In most western industrialised countries, second generation (atypical) antipsychotics are recommended as first line drug treatments for people with schizophrenia. In this review we specifically examine how the efficacy and tolerability of one such agent - aripiprazole - differs from that of other comparable second generation antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of aripiprazole compared with other atypical antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (November 2011), inspected references of all identified studies for further trials, and contacted relevant pharmaceutical companies, drug approval agencies and authors of trials for additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing aripiprazole (oral) with oral and parenteral forms of amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone or zotepine for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data independently. For dichotomous data we calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis based on a random-effects model. Where possible, we calculated illustrative comparative risks for primary outcomes. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD), again based on a random-effects model. We assessed risk of bias for each included study. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials involving 6389 patients. Aripiprazole was compared to olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. All trials were sponsored by an interested drug manufacturer. The overall number of participants leaving studies early was 30% to 40%, limiting validity (no differences between groups).When compared with olanzapine no differences were apparent for global state (no clinically important change: n = 703, 1 RCT, RR short-term 1.00 95% CI 0.81 to 1.22; n = 317, 1 RCT, RR medium-term 1.08 95% CI 0.95 to 1.22) but mental state tended to favour olanzapine (n = 1360, 3 RCTs, MD total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 4.68 95% CI 2.21 to 7.16). There was no significant difference in extrapyramidal symptoms (n = 529, 2 RCTs, RR 0.99 95% CI 0.62 to 1.59) but fewer in the aripiprazole group had increased cholesterol levels (n = 223, 1 RCT, RR 0.32 95% CI 0.19 to 0.54) or weight gain of 7% or more of total body weight (n = 1095, 3 RCTs, RR 0.39 95% CI 0.28 to 0.54).When compared with risperidone, aripiprazole showed no advantage in terms of global state (n = 384, 2 RCTs, RR no important improvement 1.14 95% CI 0.81 to 1.60) or mental state (n = 372, 2 RCTs, MD total PANSS 1.50 95% CI -2.96 to 5.96).One study compared aripiprazole with ziprasidone (n = 247) and both the groups reported similar change in the global state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD average change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score -0.03 95% CI -0.28 to 0.22) and mental state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD change PANSS -3.00 95% CI -7.29 to 1.29).When compared with any one of several new generation antipsychotic drugs the aripiprazole group showed improvement in global state in energy (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.69 95% CI 0.56 to 0.84), mood (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.77 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92), negative symptoms (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.82 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99), somnolence (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.80 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93) and weight gain (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.84 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94). Significantly more people given aripiprazole reported symptoms of nausea (n = 2881, 3 RCTs, RR 3.13 95% CI 2.12 to 4.61) but weight gain (7% or more of total body weight) was less common in people allocated aripiprazole (n = 330, 1 RCT, RR 0.35 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64). Aripiprazole may have value in aggression but data are limited. This will be the focus of another review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Information on all comparisons are of limited quality, are incomplete and problematic to apply clinically. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug with a variant but not absent adverse effect profile. Long-term data are sparse and there is considerable scope for another update of this review as new data emerges from the many Chinese studies as well as from ongoing larger, independent pragmatic trials

JUNO Sensitivity on Proton Decay p→νˉK+p\to \bar\nu K^+ Searches

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this paper, the potential on searching for proton decay in $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits to suppress the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ is 36.9% with a background level of 0.2 events after 10 years of data taking. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel

JUNO sensitivity on proton decay p → ν K + searches*

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this study, the potential of searching for proton decay in the $p\to \bar{\nu} K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated. The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits suppression of the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar{\nu} K^+$ is 36.9% ± 4.9% with a background level of $0.2\pm 0.05({\rm syst})\pm$$0.2({\rm stat})$ events after 10 years of data collection. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years of exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, which is competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel and complements the use of different detection technologies