Video-assisted Thoracoscopic 3D Mode Operation for Solitary Pulmonary Nodules

目的探讨三维胸腔镜手术(3d VIdEO-ASSISTEd THOrACIC SurgEry,3d-VATS治疗孤立性肺结节(SOlITAry PulMOnAry nOdulE,SPn)的效果。方法回顾性分析2013年3月~2014年3月50例SPn的资料,采用3d-VATS手术模式楔形切除结节,根据快速病理结果决定是否行肺叶切除加淋巴结清扫术。统计手术时间(去除快速冰冻时间)、术后24 H引流量、总引流量、引流管拔除时间、淋巴结清扫数及术后并发症等。结果 3d-VATS模式下,50例均行肺结节楔形切除,其中23例病理为恶性,继续行肺癌根治术,手术顺利。肺癌根治术手术时间(62±12)MIn,术中出血量(35±5)Ml,清扫淋巴结(19±3)个,术后24 H引流量(120±20)Ml,术后胸管引流时间(4±1)d,术后住院时间(7±2)d。并发症3例,其中术后肺炎2例,阵发性心房纤颤1例,均治愈。无围手术期死亡。随访2~12个月,平均6.3月。1例术后3个月脑转移,1例术后5个月肺癌复发。结论胸腔镜3d模式下治疗SPn是一种新的选择方式,安全可行,值得推广应用。Objective To evaluate the effects of surgical treatment for solitary pulmonary nodules under thoracoscopic 3D mode(3D-VATS).Methods A total of 50 cases of solitary pulmonary nodules from March 2013 to March 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.Intraoperative wedge pulmonary resection with 3D-VATS was utilized.According to intraoperative pathological findings,lobectomy plus lymph node dissection was given or not.Intraoperative time( minus fast freezing time),drainage volume for 24 h,total drainage volume,drainage tube removal time,number of lymph node dissected,and postoperative complications were recorded.Results Under 3D-VATS mode,50 cases of solitary pulmonary nodules were treated with wedge resection,including 23 cases of malignant pathology receiving radical resection, which was smoothly.The radical resection time( lung lobectomy plus lymphadenectomy) was(62 ± 12) min,the bleeding volume was(35 ± 5) ml,the lymphadenectomy number was 19 ± 3,the drainage volume for 24 h was(120 ± 20) ml,the postoperative chest tube removal time was(4 ± 1) days,and the postoperative hospital stay was(7 ± 2) days.Postoperative complications occurred in 3 cases,including 2 cases of pneumonia and 1 case of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.No perioperative deaths were observed.All the cases were followed up for 2- 12 months,with an average of 6.3 months.Brain metastases was found in 1 case at the third postoperative month and recurrence of lung cancer was noted in 1 case at the fifth postoperative month.Conclusion Thoracoscopic 3D mode treatment for solitary pulmonary nodules is a new,safe,and feasible alternative and should be widely applied

Combined Use of Thoracoscopy and Laparoscopy in Total Laryngectomy for Cervical Esophageal Carcinoma

目的探讨胸、腹腔镜联合全喉切除治疗颈段食管的可行性和疗效。方法 2009年1月~2014年7月胸、腹腔镜联合全喉切除治疗33例颈段食管癌。胸腔镜下分离食管、腹腔镜下管胃成形、全喉切除、气管永久造口、胃咽吻合术。结果胸部手术时间40~66 MIn,平均53 MIn;腹部手术时间35~51 MIn,平均44 MIn;颈部手术时间128~150 MIn,平均139 MIn。术中出血量130~270 Ml,平均150 Ml。术后住院时间8~14 d,平均12 d。病理均为鳞状细胞癌,其中高分化2例,中分化19例,中-低分化7例,低分化5例。切缘病理学检查无癌组织残留。31例淋巴结转移。并发症:吻合口漏2例,喉返神经损伤3例,肺部感染6例,胃排空障碍2例,吻合口狭窄1例,无死亡病例。33例随访1个月~5年,术后1、3、5年生存率分别为87.9%、54.5%、45.5%。结论颈段食管癌应采取积极的手术治疗,胃咽吻合术是颈段食管癌切除后较为理想的修复手段。Objective To investigate clinical feasibility and efficacy of combined use of thoracoscopy and laparoscopy in total laryngectomy for cervical esophageal carcinoma.Methods Clinical data of 33 patients with cervical esophageal carcinoma undergoing surgical treatment in our department from January 2009 to July 2014 were analyzed retrospectively.The esophagus was separated under thoracoscopy.And laparoscopic gastroplasty,total laryngectomy,tracheal permanent colostomy,and gastric pharyngeal anastomosis were performed.Results The thoracoscopic operation time was 40- 66 min( mean,53 min),the laparoscopic operation time was 35- 51 min( mean,44 min),and the cervical operation time was 128- 150 min( mean,139 min).The blood loss was 130- 270 ml( mean,150 ml).The postoperative hospital stay was 8- 14 d( mean,12 d).Pathological examinations showed squamous cell carcinoma in all the cases,including 2 cases of highly differentiated carcinoma,19 cases of moderately differentiated carcinoma,7 cases of moderately or lowly differentiated carcinoma,and 5 cases of lowly differentiated carcinoma.No residual cancer was found at cutting edges pathologically.Among the 33 cases,lymph node metastasis was found in 31 cases.Complications included 2 cases of anastomotic fistula,3 cases of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury,6 cases of pulmonary infection,2cases of delayed gastric emptying,and 1 case of anastomotic stenosis.There was no death.All the patients were followed up for 1months to 5 years.The survival rates at 1,3,and 5 postoperative year were 87.9%,54.5%,and 45.5%,respectively.Conclusions Cervical esophageal carcinoma should be surgically treated actively.Gastric pharyngeal anastomosis is an ideal option for the repair of cervical esophageal cancer resection

基于光子晶体光纤的MZI温度传感特性研究

采用全矢量有限元法,研究了空气孔为正九边形周期性排列的全内反射型光子晶体光纤的温度传感特性,分析了不同空气孔排列形状、占空比以及波长对温度特性的影响,并与正六边形结构的光子晶体光纤进行了对比。研究表明,空气孔为正九边形周期性排列时,光子晶体光纤模场分布随温度变化显著,其有效折射率和限制损耗的大小与温度成反比。保持孔间距不变,占空比越大,输入波长越长,灵敏度越高。在此基础上,提出了一种正九边形熔接点为锥形的单模光纤-光子晶体光纤-单模光纤马赫曾德干涉仪温度传感器,当波长为1 550nm,占空比为0.6,温度范围为-2080℃时,该传感结构的温度灵敏度为0.112 2nm/℃

新疆棉蚜生态治理技术

该成果属于农业技术领域，是农业害虫无公害防治技术方向的实用技术成果。该成果根据新疆植棉历史与棉花害虫发生规律的研究，揭示了新疆棉蚜成为主要害虫的原因是冬小麦种植面积大量减少，从而导致棉田棉蚜的天敌来源减少，充足的食物和不足的自然天敌造成了新疆棉蚜成灾;经过多年探索和深入研究，发现苜蓿、苦豆子等具有最大的食物昆虫涵养量并且可以作为自然天敌繁殖库，发现这些植物生长期早而造成了其涵养天敌被利用中最关键的时间优势;创造了诱导棉田边缘植物带自然天敌进入棉田控制棉蚜的简便途径，从而达到了人为协助情况下充分利用自然天敌控制棉花蚜虫的高效生态控制目的;巧妙地利用了长期以来一直得不到充分利用的农田林网林阴带种植耐阴牧草植物苜蓿，提高了土地利用率，并且为农村发展畜牧业提供了条件，探索出适合农业产业结构调整的农、林、牧相结合的害虫治理新模式;创造性地提出了植物应当并且可以作为生物防治因素加以利用的“相生植保”害虫防治新思路。该项成果适合新疆棉区棉蚜无公害控制，同时也为其他农业害虫防治提供了参考

The Study of Mycorrhizal Fungi and Soil in the Yangming Mountain Fumarole Area

陽明山地區長年在後火山作用下，形成特殊的土壤環境及獨特的硫磺區植群組成，部分區域的土壤pH值甚至僅1.9，土壤全氮為0.05%，土壤有效磷為2.63 mg kg^(-1)，且為高鋁（135 mg kg^(-1)）高硫（5736 mg kg^(-1)）的環境，只有少數耐極酸性之植物能自然生存其間。本研究針對陽明山地區進行土壤化學性質分析及菌根菌調查，以了解該地區的菌根相。調查結果發現，叢枝菌根菌Entrophospora columbiana及Glomus clarum為硫磺噴氣口白背芒（Miscanthus sinensis var. glaber）主要的共生菌種，而隨著遠離噴泉口，植相與共生的菌種多樣性也明顯地提升，菌種種類分別為Acaulospora mellea，A. foveata，A. morrowiae，G. deserticola，G. invermaium，G. ambisporum，G. insculptum，Scutellospora rubra，S. aurigloba，S. calospora，Sclerocystis rubiformis，Gigaspora gigantea共計發現叢枝菌根菌6屬14種。Yangming mountain area preserves particular soils environment and sulfatara formation composition in phenomena of post-volcanism all the year round. The soils of part of this place is extremely acid. Soil nitrogen, availability phosphorous, exchangeable aluminum and inorganic sulfur contents are 0.05%, 2.63 mg kg^(-1), 135 mg kg^(-1) and 5736 mg kg^(-1), respectively. There are only some acid-tolerable plant species can exist in this area. The purpose of this study is to analyze soil nutrient and investigate mycorrhizal fungi composition. We found that the main arbuscual mycorrhizae symbiosis with Miscanthus sinensis var. glaber predominant the fumarole are Entrophospora columbiana and Glomus clarum. The biodiversity of plants and fingi are increase with the distance from the fumarole, the species of mycorrhiza are Acaulospora mellea, A. foveata, A. morrowiae, G. deserticola, G. invermaium, G. ambisporum, G. insculptum, Scutellospora rubra, S. aurigloba, S. calospora, Sclerocystis rubiformis, Gigaspora gigantean. There are 14 species in 6 genus was found

Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: In most western industrialised countries, second generation (atypical) antipsychotics are recommended as first line drug treatments for people with schizophrenia. In this review we specifically examine how the efficacy and tolerability of one such agent - aripiprazole - differs from that of other comparable second generation antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of aripiprazole compared with other atypical antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (November 2011), inspected references of all identified studies for further trials, and contacted relevant pharmaceutical companies, drug approval agencies and authors of trials for additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing aripiprazole (oral) with oral and parenteral forms of amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone or zotepine for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data independently. For dichotomous data we calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis based on a random-effects model. Where possible, we calculated illustrative comparative risks for primary outcomes. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD), again based on a random-effects model. We assessed risk of bias for each included study. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials involving 6389 patients. Aripiprazole was compared to olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. All trials were sponsored by an interested drug manufacturer. The overall number of participants leaving studies early was 30% to 40%, limiting validity (no differences between groups).When compared with olanzapine no differences were apparent for global state (no clinically important change: n = 703, 1 RCT, RR short-term 1.00 95% CI 0.81 to 1.22; n = 317, 1 RCT, RR medium-term 1.08 95% CI 0.95 to 1.22) but mental state tended to favour olanzapine (n = 1360, 3 RCTs, MD total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 4.68 95% CI 2.21 to 7.16). There was no significant difference in extrapyramidal symptoms (n = 529, 2 RCTs, RR 0.99 95% CI 0.62 to 1.59) but fewer in the aripiprazole group had increased cholesterol levels (n = 223, 1 RCT, RR 0.32 95% CI 0.19 to 0.54) or weight gain of 7% or more of total body weight (n = 1095, 3 RCTs, RR 0.39 95% CI 0.28 to 0.54).When compared with risperidone, aripiprazole showed no advantage in terms of global state (n = 384, 2 RCTs, RR no important improvement 1.14 95% CI 0.81 to 1.60) or mental state (n = 372, 2 RCTs, MD total PANSS 1.50 95% CI -2.96 to 5.96).One study compared aripiprazole with ziprasidone (n = 247) and both the groups reported similar change in the global state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD average change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score -0.03 95% CI -0.28 to 0.22) and mental state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD change PANSS -3.00 95% CI -7.29 to 1.29).When compared with any one of several new generation antipsychotic drugs the aripiprazole group showed improvement in global state in energy (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.69 95% CI 0.56 to 0.84), mood (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.77 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92), negative symptoms (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.82 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99), somnolence (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.80 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93) and weight gain (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.84 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94). Significantly more people given aripiprazole reported symptoms of nausea (n = 2881, 3 RCTs, RR 3.13 95% CI 2.12 to 4.61) but weight gain (7% or more of total body weight) was less common in people allocated aripiprazole (n = 330, 1 RCT, RR 0.35 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64). Aripiprazole may have value in aggression but data are limited. This will be the focus of another review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Information on all comparisons are of limited quality, are incomplete and problematic to apply clinically. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug with a variant but not absent adverse effect profile. Long-term data are sparse and there is considerable scope for another update of this review as new data emerges from the many Chinese studies as well as from ongoing larger, independent pragmatic trials