Steroid Hormones and Endocrine Disruptors: Recent Advances in Receptor–Mediated Actions

It has been accepted that receptor-mediated action of steroid hormones depends on both the receptor and the hormonal level. The mechanism of transcription by steroid receptors is mediated by cofactors, which function as co-activators or co-repressors, while their non-genomic actions depend on receptors localized to the cell membrane. Recently, a number of environmental chemicals, which are now termed as endocrine disruptors, have been identified, and their unwanted effects on our lives have become serious problems all over the world. Their adverse effects on endocrine systems in animals, mostly estrogenic or anti-estrogenic, have resulted in reproductive malfunction and developmental disorders. Although aryl hydrocarbons exhibit estrogenic or anti- estrogenic activity through specific interaction with aryl hydrocarbon receptors, other chemicals seem to interact directly with estrogen receptors, α and β forms. In this paper, we surveyed the most recent understanding of endocrine disruptors from the viewpoint of steroid receptor systems. We suggest two potential mechanisms of action for endocrine disruptors. Endocrine distruptors i) directly associate with steroid receptor systems and/or ii) associate with the growth factor or the neurotransmitter receptor systems, and then upregulate the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades, leading to the ligand-independent activation of steroid receptor systems. Using these steroid receptor-dependent mechanisms, it appears that endocrine disruptors disorder our endocrine systems. We have proposed future suggestions to further understand endocrine disruptors from the viewpoint of steroid receptor systems. Key words: endocrine disruptors; receptor-mediated actions; steroid hormone

Steroid Hormones and Endocrine Disruptors: Recent Advances in Receptor–Mediated Actions

It has been accepted that receptor-mediated action of steroid hormones depends on both the receptor and the hormonal level. The mechanism of transcription by steroid receptors is mediated by cofactors, which function as co-activators or co-repressors, while their non-genomic actions depend on receptors localized to the cell membrane. Recently, a number of environmental chemicals, which are now termed as endocrine disruptors, have been identified, and their unwanted effects on our lives have become serious problems all over the world. Their adverse effects on endocrine systems in animals, mostly estrogenic or anti-estrogenic, have resulted in reproductive malfunction and developmental disorders. Although aryl hydrocarbons exhibit estrogenic or anti- estrogenic activity through specific interaction with aryl hydrocarbon receptors, other chemicals seem to interact directly with estrogen receptors, α and β forms. In this paper, we surveyed the most recent understanding of endocrine disruptors from the viewpoint of steroid receptor systems. We suggest two potential mechanisms of action for endocrine disruptors. Endocrine distruptors i) directly associate with steroid receptor systems and/or ii) associate with the growth factor or the neurotransmitter receptor systems, and then upregulate the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades, leading to the ligand-independent activation of steroid receptor systems. Using these steroid receptor-dependent mechanisms, it appears that endocrine disruptors disorder our endocrine systems. We have proposed future suggestions to further understand endocrine disruptors from the viewpoint of steroid receptor systems. Key words: endocrine disruptors; receptor-mediated actions; steroid hormone

Influencia de la enfermería comunitaria en la adherencia al tratamiento del paciente diabético tipo 2 en la zona rural de Culleredo

[Resumen] La Diabetes Mellitus es una de las enfermedades crónicas con más prevalencia a nivel mundial, afectando a más de 400 millones de personas. Dentro de esta enfermedad el tipo más frecuente es la DM2 que se caracteriza por la resistencia a la acción de la insulina, secreción defectuosa, o ambas. Este proyecto de investigación cualitativa de carácter fenomenológico tiene como objetivo analizar la percepción que tiene enfermería sobre la adhesión al tratamiento del paciente con Diabetes Mellitus tipo2 de zona rural, desde la perspectiva de un modelo transcultural. Para conseguirlo, se realizaran una serie de entrevistas en profundidad a un mínimo de 18 enfermeros/as pudiendo ampliar el número de entrevistados, si fuera necesario. Los resultados aportaran conocimiento acerca del papel asistencial de enfermería, que será determinante para un mejor abordaje del paciente con Diabetes Mellitus 2.[Resumo] A Diabetes Mellitus é unha das enfermidades crónicas con máis prevalencia a nivel mundial, afectando a máis de 400 millóns de persoas. Dentro desta enfermidade o tipo máis frecuente é a DM2 que se caracteriza pola resistencia a acción da insulina, secreción defectuosa, ou ambas. Este proxecto de investigación cualitativa de carácter fenomenológico ten como obxectivo analizar a percepción que ten a enfermería sobre a adhesión ao tratamento do paciente con Diabetes Mellitus tipo2 de zona rural, desde á perspectiva dun modelo transcultural. Para conseguilo, realizaranse unha serie de entrevistas en profundidade a un mínimo de 18 enfermeiros/as podendo ampliar o número de entrevistados, se fose necesario. Os resultados aportarán coñecemento sobre o papel asistencial de enfermería, que será determinante para unha mellor abordaxe do paciente con Diabetes Mellitus 2.[Abstract] The Diabetes Mellitus is one of the most present chronic disease worlwide as more than 400 million people are affected today. In regard to this desease, the most common is DM2 which is characterized by resistance to the action of insulin, defective secretion or both. This qualitative research proyect aims at evaluating the nursing perception about the adherence to type 2 diabetic patients treatment in rural areas from a transcultural model point of view. In order to achieve this goal, in-depth interviews will be conducted with a minimum of 18 nurses and even more if necessary. Results will provide expertise in nursing role care which will be decisive in order to deal more effectively with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patient.Traballo fin de grao (UDC.FEP). Enfermaría. Curso 2016/201

Do Ourense medieval: o notario Gonzalo Pérez do Mato e o mosteiro de Santa Comba de Naves

O presente contributo presenta un conxunto documental protagonizado polo notario ourensán do século XIV Gonzalo Pérez do Mato e a súa descendencia, e que ilustran a vinculación destes co mosteiro de Santa Comba de Naves en canto foreiros do cenobio. Destacan, neste sentido, os pergamiños que nos informan sobre as vicisitudes do couto de Mende. No final editamos o testamento deste notario e da súa filla Maior Pérezinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Contacto de linguas na Idade Media: galego e castelán na documentación notarial do mosteiro de Santa Comba de Naves (Ourense, Galiza)

Partindo da análise da documentação em pergaminho do mosteiro de Santa Comba de Naves (Ourense, Galiza), o presente trabalho pretende investigar o uso das línguas românicas nestes documentos. É prestada especial atenção aos diferentes modos e tempos das manifestações em língua castelhana, especialmente no século XV, que abrem caminho à mudança linguística ocorrida no século seguint

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HUBUNGAN ANTARA PELAKSANAAN BIMBINGAN KARIR DAN PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN KARIR PADA SISWA KELAS XII DI SMK CIPTA BHAKTI HUSADA YOGYAKARTA TAHUN AJARAN 2015/2016

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara layanan bimbingan karir dengan pengambilan keputusan karir siswa kelas XII SMK Cipta Bhakti Husada YogyakartaTahun Ajaran 2015/2016. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas XII SMK Cipta Bhakti Husada Yogyakarta Tahun Ajaran 2015/2016 yang berjumlah 137 siswa. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebesar 60 anak dengan menggunakan teknik quotacluster random sampling. Metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah angket. Teknik analisa data dengan menggunakan analisis korelasi product moment. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan yang positif signifikan antara layanan bimbingan karir dengan pengambilan keputusan karir siswa kelas XII SMK Cipta Bhakti Husada YogyakartaTahun Ajaran 2015/2016 dengan diketahui nilai rhitung sebesar 0,472 dengan p = 0,000 lebih kecil dari α = 0,05. Jadi dengan demikian semakin baik dan efektif layanan bimbingan karir pada siswa maka semakin efektif pulapengambilan keputusan karir siswa, sebaliknya semakin kurang efektif pelaksanaan layanan bimbingan karir maka semakin rendah pengambilan keputusan karir siswa. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah pelaksanaan layanan bimbingan karir yang efektif terhadap siswa dapat lebih memahami diri dan lingkungan dalam perencanaan, pengarahan kegiatan, dan pengambilan keputusan yang menuju kepada karir yang sesuai dengan minat dan bakat yang terdapat pada siswa. Peran penting program layanan bimbingan karir dalam hal ini adalah diharapkan mendapat perhatian dari sekolah khususnya guru bimbingan dan konseling dalam meningkatkan pengambilan keputusan karir siswa dan diharapkan dapat meningkatkan semangat siswa dalam mencapai cita-cita yang diinginkan.

Pengendalian Terpadu Busuk Pangkal Batang Lada

Integrated Control of Foot Rot Disease of Black PepperBlack pepper (Piper nigrum) is important crop for increasing farmer income in Indonesia. Traditional pepper planting areas are Lampung and Bangka-Belitung provinces, as well as new planting areas in Kalimantan provinces. Foot rot disease caused by Phytophthora capsici is the main constraint in pepper cultivations in these areas. The disease is widely distributed in almost all pepper cultivations. This paper describes information on the research progresses on foot rot disease control methods and field experiences on controlling the disease on black pepper. Control method of the foot rot disease by farmers is commonly using synthetic fungicides. This practice was only applied when the price of pepper is high. Otherwise, farmers only applied minimal cultivation practices. As the result, the foot rot disease becomes more serious problem on pepper plantations throughout Indonesia. Spores of P. capsici is actively swiming on water film, therefore, the fungus is easily disseminates through contaminated soil, diseased planting materials or running water of soil surface. The fungus has two mating types, A1 and A2 that makes sexual reproduction possible in some areas where both mating types exist. The sexual reproduction may produce progenies that are more virulent than their parents. Therefore, it is important to minimize distribution of planting materials contaminated with the different matting types into a certain location to prevent new strain of P. capsici. Attempts to control the disease have been conducted with focusing on technologies that is eco-friendly, cheap and simple (easy to be handled and adopted by farmers). The eco-friendly technologies included improving cultural practices, application of biological control agents, and fungicide is applied when necessary. An initial effort to find resistant or tolerant black pepper varieties had also been studied. Integrated pest management (IPM) by combining those available technologies will not eradicate P. capsici totally, but it will reduce the population of the fungus to a certain level that lessens the damage or yield lost. Implementation of the IPM includes increasing plants vigor through conducting proper planting activities followed by suppressing of fungal population through incorporating of biological control agent, such as Trichoderma; while fungicide application is the last resort, as well as improving farmers knowledge various technical trainings. To maximize the IPM implementation by farmers, it requires active participation from all involved stakeholders, government official services and researchers

The Sources on the History of Intellectual Heritage in Uzbekistan

The research analyses the sources relating to intellectual heritage of Uzbekistan in XIX – early XX centuries. There has been given the classification and types of sources, their significance to disclose history of Uzbekistan. There have been involved sources in five categories that were written in eight languages and main libraries, manuscript and archive funds where the sources are stored