Airborne fine particle decreases the cell viability and induces inflammation in human bronchial epithelial cells

目的:研究大气细颗粒物(fine particulate; matter,PM_(2.5))对人支气管上皮细胞活性的影响及其炎性作用。方法:用PM_(2.5)采样器采集上海地区大气PM_(2.5)样本,扫; 描电镜观察PM_(2.5)形态特征。将人支气管上皮细胞BEAS-2B暴露于不同浓度(0,50,100,200,400,800; mug/mL)的PM_(2.5) 12,24,48 h,细胞活力检测试剂盒(cell counting kit-8,; CCK-8)法检测PM_(2.5)暴露对细胞活性的影响。实时定量PCR(quantitative real-time; PCR,qRT-PCR)检测细胞粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating; factor,GM-CSF)和TNF-alpha mRNA的表达,Western印迹检测; GM-CSF和TNF-alpha蛋白的表达。结果:扫描电镜观察发现,PM_(2.5)形态多样,大小不一,直径大多等于或小于2.5; mum。与同时间点未暴露组比较,各暴露组(50~800; mug/mL)细胞活性呈不同程度的下降,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与未暴露组比较,暴露于100,400或800 mug/mL; PM_(2.5) 24 h后,GM-CSF和TNF-alpha; mRNA和蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.05),且PM_(2.5)暴露浓度越高,GM-CSF和TNF-alpha的mRNA和蛋白升高水平越显著。; 结论:大气PM_(2.5)可引起人支气管上皮细胞的炎症反应,降低细胞活性,这可能与PM_(2.5)促发和加重支气管肺部炎性疾病有关。Objective: To investigate the effects of airborne fine particle on cell; viability and inflammation in human bronchial epithelial cells. Methods:; Atmospheric PM_(2.5) samples were collected by PM_(2.5) sampler.; PM_(2.5) morphology was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM).; Human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS- 2B) were treated with PM_(2.5); at different concentrations (0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 mug/mL) for 12,; 24 or 48 hours, and the cell activity were evaluated by cell counting; kit-8 (CCK-8). The mRNA expression levels of (granulocyte-macrophage; colony stimulating factor,GM-CSF) and TNF-alpha were detected by; quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Western blot was used to detect; the protein expressions of GM-CSF and TNF-alpha. Results: According to; SEM, the shape of PM_(2.5) varied, and the diameter was different and; mostly equal to or less than 2.5 mum. CCK-8 assay showed that different; concentrations of PM_(2.5) exposure for 12 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours; resulted in loss of cell viability of BEAS-2B cells (P<0.05). Different; concentrations of PM_(2.5) increased the mRNA and protein expression of; GM-CSF and TNF-alpha, and the higher concentration of PM_(2.5) induced; higher expression, which have statistical significant difference between; the groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: Atmospheric PM_(2.5) can cause; inflammatory response in human bronchial epithelial cells. They can; reduce cell viability, which may be related to the PM_(2.5) trigger and; aggravation of bronchopulmonary inflammatory diseases

Sarcomatoid Carcinoma of Hypopharynx： A Report of 5 Cases

目的探讨下咽肉瘤样癌的临床及病理学特点,为下咽肉瘤样癌的诊治提供参考依据,提高对肉瘤样癌的诊断、治疗及其预后的认识。方法分析2010年1月—2014年9月我院治疗的5例下咽肉瘤样癌患者的临床资料,包括诊疗过程、病理特征等。结果 5例患者均经过不同的手术方式,其中咽后壁扩大切除1例,梨状窝扩大切除2例,全后、全下咽、全食管切除2例;肉瘤样癌肉瘤样成分与癌成分共存,且之间有一定的移行,CK、vimentin均表达阳性,P63阳性4例。5例患者均定期随访。结论下咽肉瘤样癌有其特殊的生物学行为及病理学特点,是一种不同于其他类型的恶性肿瘤,具有自身病理特征,预后情况各不相同,外科手术仍是首选治疗方法,术后辅助放化疗。Objective To explore the biological behavior and clinical features of the sarcomatoid carcinoma（SC） of hypopharynx for improving the diagnosis,treatment and judgment of prognosis of the tumor.Methods Clinical data,including treatment process and pathology features of the 5 cases of SC underwent operation in our department from January 2010 to September 2014 was analyzed retrospectively.Results All the five patients underwent different surgical procedures and all survived,one case received pharyngeal extended resection,tow cases received pyriform extended resection and tow cases received total throat、swallow、esophagectomy resection.The biological of sarcomatoid carcinoma of head and neck performed components and cancer components coexisted,and has a certain shift between them,CK and vimentin expressed was positive in all cases,P63 was positive in 4 cases.All patients were followed up regularly.Conclusion Sarcomatoid carcinoma of hypopharynx has its special biological behavior and pathology characteristics,it is different from other types of malignant tumors,and has its own pathological features,surgeryis is still the preferred method,postoperative assistance chemotherapy is needed

Research on T Lymphocyte Subsets and NK Cells Activity in Peripheral Blood of Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

目的:分析下咽鳞状细胞癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群和NK细胞活性情况,旨在为相关研究工作提供参考资料。方法:择取2011年6月-2016年5月本院收治的95例下咽鳞状细胞癌病患为病例组,另取此期间内来本院接受健康检查的72例志愿者为正常组。使用流式细胞仪对病患开展相关检查,分析病例组与正常组的淋巴细胞亚群、NK活性情况以及不同临床分期的下咽癌病患外周血T淋巴细胞亚群以及NK细胞活性之间的关系。结果:与正常组相比,病例组的NK细胞、总B淋巴细胞、总T淋巴细胞、辅助/抑制T细胞、辅助T细胞偏低(P0.05)。Ⅰ~Ⅱ期病患辅助T淋巴细胞比Ⅲ~Ⅳ期者略高(P>0.05)。Ⅰ~Ⅱ期病患抑制T淋巴细胞值比Ⅲ~Ⅳ期者低(P0.05)。Ⅰ~Ⅱ期病患外周血NK细胞数比Ⅲ~Ⅳ期者略高(P>0.05)。结论:下咽鳞状细胞癌病患的免疫功能异常,且随着疾病的进展,细胞免疫和体液免疫均有所降低,证实免疫功能紊乱在疾病进展中发挥了一定作用。经流式细胞设备对外周静脉血淋巴细胞亚群以及NK细胞活性情况检测,可实现动态化检测癌症病患某阶段细胞免疫功能变化详情,此法方便简单,在指导治疗方案制定以及监测疾病预后方面,均体现出了一定效果,值得进一步推广

Combined Use of Thoracoscopy and Laparoscopy in Total Laryngectomy for Cervical Esophageal Carcinoma

目的探讨胸、腹腔镜联合全喉切除治疗颈段食管的可行性和疗效。方法 2009年1月~2014年7月胸、腹腔镜联合全喉切除治疗33例颈段食管癌。胸腔镜下分离食管、腹腔镜下管胃成形、全喉切除、气管永久造口、胃咽吻合术。结果胸部手术时间40~66 MIn,平均53 MIn;腹部手术时间35~51 MIn,平均44 MIn;颈部手术时间128~150 MIn,平均139 MIn。术中出血量130~270 Ml,平均150 Ml。术后住院时间8~14 d,平均12 d。病理均为鳞状细胞癌,其中高分化2例,中分化19例,中-低分化7例,低分化5例。切缘病理学检查无癌组织残留。31例淋巴结转移。并发症:吻合口漏2例,喉返神经损伤3例,肺部感染6例,胃排空障碍2例,吻合口狭窄1例,无死亡病例。33例随访1个月~5年,术后1、3、5年生存率分别为87.9%、54.5%、45.5%。结论颈段食管癌应采取积极的手术治疗,胃咽吻合术是颈段食管癌切除后较为理想的修复手段。Objective To investigate clinical feasibility and efficacy of combined use of thoracoscopy and laparoscopy in total laryngectomy for cervical esophageal carcinoma.Methods Clinical data of 33 patients with cervical esophageal carcinoma undergoing surgical treatment in our department from January 2009 to July 2014 were analyzed retrospectively.The esophagus was separated under thoracoscopy.And laparoscopic gastroplasty,total laryngectomy,tracheal permanent colostomy,and gastric pharyngeal anastomosis were performed.Results The thoracoscopic operation time was 40- 66 min( mean,53 min),the laparoscopic operation time was 35- 51 min( mean,44 min),and the cervical operation time was 128- 150 min( mean,139 min).The blood loss was 130- 270 ml( mean,150 ml).The postoperative hospital stay was 8- 14 d( mean,12 d).Pathological examinations showed squamous cell carcinoma in all the cases,including 2 cases of highly differentiated carcinoma,19 cases of moderately differentiated carcinoma,7 cases of moderately or lowly differentiated carcinoma,and 5 cases of lowly differentiated carcinoma.No residual cancer was found at cutting edges pathologically.Among the 33 cases,lymph node metastasis was found in 31 cases.Complications included 2 cases of anastomotic fistula,3 cases of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury,6 cases of pulmonary infection,2cases of delayed gastric emptying,and 1 case of anastomotic stenosis.There was no death.All the patients were followed up for 1months to 5 years.The survival rates at 1,3,and 5 postoperative year were 87.9%,54.5%,and 45.5%,respectively.Conclusions Cervical esophageal carcinoma should be surgically treated actively.Gastric pharyngeal anastomosis is an ideal option for the repair of cervical esophageal cancer resection

One stage surgical treatment of multiple primary carcinoma of hypopharynx and esophagus

目的探讨下咽、颈胸段食管多原发癌(multiple primary carcinoma,; MPC)在胸腔镜辅助下行全喉、下咽、食管切除并管状胃重建一期手术的应用及疗效。方法胸科组行胸腔镜辅助下分离食管及纵膈淋巴结清扫后开腹行管状胃成形; ,头颈组行颈部淋巴结清扫、全喉下咽切除、咽胃吻合术。术后常规补充放化疗。结果本组全部病例均一期完成手术,肺部感染3例,胸腔积液2例、气管撕裂1例; ;无吻合口瘘及围手术期死亡病例;3年生存率63.6%,5年生存率50.0%。结论下咽癌应常规行胃镜检查以免MPC的漏诊;胸腔镜辅助下全喉、下咽、; 食管切除并管状胃重建术可一期完成以往分次手术难以完成的手术治疗,有效提高下咽颈胸段食管多重癌的治疗效果。OBJECTIVE To discuss the therapeutic effect of one stage surgical; treatment in the multiple primary hypopharyngeal and cervical thoracic; esophageal carcinoma. METHODS The thoracoscopy group: dissecting the; esophagus and mediastinal lymph node assisted with thoracoscope, and; then opened abdominal cavity to make gastric tube. Head and neck group:; doing the cervical lymph node dissection, total laryngectomy, total; hypopharyngectomy and total esophagectomy, and then anastomosis of the; pharynx with gastric tube. All cases were received conventional; radiotherapy and chemotherapy after operation. RESULTS All the cases in; this group were successfully underwent the one stage operation. The; postoperative complications were pulmonary infection in 3 cases, pleural; effusion in 2 cases and tracheal tear in one case. No anastomotic; fistula or postoperative deaths occurred. The 3 and 5 year survival; rates were 63.6% and 50.0% respectively. CONCLUSION It should take; necessary examinations of cervical thoracic esophagus to prevent missing; the multiple primary carcinoma of the hypopharyngeal carcinoma. The; total laryngectomy, total hypopharyngectomy and total esophagectomy, and; anastomosis of the pharynx with gastric tube for multiple primary; hypopharyngeal and cervical thoracic esophageal carcinoma is a feasible; and active treatment method