Simulación y propuesta de un sistema de sonorización espacial para el Teatro Buero Vallejo

In this project a tridimensional audio playback system is proposed for the auditorium of the Teatro Buero Vallejo, located in Guadalajara, using the Ambisonics spatial sonorization technology based on scenes, which is the most widely used nowadays. For that purpose, at the beginning of this document, an investigation into some of the traditional spatial sonorization technologies is made. Subsequently, this project performs a deep research about Ambisonics, covering from its operating principle and possible formats, to its codification and decodification processes. It also studies the most common sound field capture techniques, as well as some signal processing for manipulating the spatial content and the pros and cons of this technology over other traditional sound systems. The motivation of implementing this technology is its ability for recreating any real or simulated sound field around the listener, offering the possibility to perform real time signal processing for a manipulation of the spatial content, with a low computational cost. This technology also allows a non-strict speaker distribution, which is an advantage that facilitate dealing with geometrical limitations when designing the speaker placement in rooms with irregular forms. In summary, Ambisonics offers an immersive experience that may be interesting for some kinds of events in the auditorium, such as theatrical works or shows with live music that may find useful introducing tridimensional audio effects in their performances. For evaluating the proposed speaker system, it is necessary to perform computational simulations before installing it. For that purpose, in this project a tridimensional model of the auditorium is built using the software EASE (Enhanced Acoustic Simulator for Engineers) from the AFMG company. Firstly, the auditorium’s geometry is built for the model, and then the materials are assigned to its faces. Since this model contains approximations due to the complexity of the actual geometry of the theater and the uncertainty of the acoustic properties of the materials, it is required to calibrate it: after taking measurements in situ that enable us to characterize the acoustic of the auditorium, the absorption and scattering coefficients of the assigned materials are adjusted until the simulations performed in EASE and the taken measurements are similar. Once the error is considered small enough, it is deemed that the model is finished and serves as a valid replica of the actual auditorium, so the sonorization system can be evaluated on it. Taking into account the dimensions of the auditorium and the previous investigation into Ambisonics technology, this project proposes an adapted audio system for third order ambisonic signals, with a speaker distribution suitable for the room. Since a decodification of the ambisonic signals is also needed for its playback through the system, this project also offers an Ambisonics decoder programmed on Matlab. This decoder is scalable in order (up to three) and number of speakers, as well as in the speaker and sweet spot positions. This enables the possibility of implementing, with this same decoder, alternative speaker distributions that the one proposed in this project, as well as designing other Ambisonic systems in different situations aside the chosen auditorium for this project. Once the sonorization system, the test signals and the decodification are finished, a set of auralizations are made in EASE. Playing these audio files through headphones enables us to perceive what a listener at a certain point of the theater would approximately hear if the decoded signal test were played through the speakers. In this way, it is possible to evaluate the proposed sonorization system in approximate terms. Finally, this project evaluates the sonorization and clarity estimated for the proposed system. At the end of the document, the regulatory framework, the estimated budget and the social and economic impact of this project on the theater and the city are exposed.Ingeniería de Sonido e Image

Diseño de una práctica multidisciplinar para grupo de 2º de Bachillerato

Máster Universitario en Formación del Profesorado de ESO, Bachillerato, Formación Profesional y Enseñanza de Idiomas. Especialidad en Matemáticas (M088

Genética y deporte

La biomedicina ha experimentado grandes progresos científicos y técnicos en los últimos años, especialmente tras la descripción del genoma humano. Estas mejoras se han aplicado gradualmente en diversos ámbitos, que han sobrepasado el estudio de la patología para adentrarse en el estudio de la salud. En esta última se incluyen investigaciones en el campo de la actividad física y el deporte. La genética, por tanto, aporta conocimientos científicos que pueden ayudarnos a optimizar el rendimiento de un deportista de alto nivel, rentabilizar los efectos de la práctica del ejercicio físico y/o llevar a cabo una práctica deportiva segura, evaluando el riesgo de una enfermedad hereditaria asociada a la muerte súbita en deportistas

Genètica i esport

La biomedicina ha experimentat grans avenços científics i tècnics en els darrers anys, especialment després de la descripció del genoma humà. Aquestes millores s’han aplicat gradualment a diversos àmbits, que han sobrepassat l’estudi de la patologia per fins i tot endinsar-se en l’estudi de la salut. Entre aquesta darrera s’inclouen investigacions en el camp de l’activitat física i l’esport. La genètica, doncs, ens aporta uns coneixements científics que poden ajudar-nos a optimitzar el rendiment d’un esportista d’alt nivell, rendibilitzar els efectes de la pràctica de l’exercici físic i/o portar a terme una pràctica esportiva segura, tot avaluant el risc d’una malaltia hereditària associada a la mort sobtada en esportistes

Usefulness of genetic testing in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. An analysis using real-world data.

Aims: This study sought to determine the usefulness of genetic testing to predict evolution in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and to assess the role of genetic testing in clinical practice. Methods and Results: Genetic results of 100 HCM patients tested for mutations in ≥10 HCM-causing genes were evaluated. Patients were classified as with poor (Group A) or favourable(Group B) clinical course. Forty-five pathogenic mutations (PM) were identified in 28 patients (56%) from Group A and in 23 (46%) from Group B (p=0.317). Only 40 patients (40%) exhibited PM that had been previously reported and only 15 (15%) had PM reported in ≥10 individuals. PM associated with poor prognosis were identified in just 5 patients from Group A (10%). Conclusion: Genetic findings are not useful to predict prognosis in most HCM patients. By contrast, real-world data reinforce the usefulness of genetic testing to provide genetic counselling and to enable cascade genetic screening.pre-print298 K

Prevalence of temporomandibular disorders according to the simplified Fonseca anamnestic index in dentistry students of the Juárez University of the State of Durango, Mexico

Objective: The objective was to estimate the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD), in students of the Faculty of Dentistry. Material and Methods: This was a descriptive, observational, prospective, cross-sectional study. The study included 18 to 28-year-old students from the Faculty of Dentistry of the Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, México, attending the 1st to 8th semester of the 2018-A school year in whom the simplified Fonseca anamnestic index (sFAI) was applied to characterize TMD. The sample size was determined using the Epi InfoTM software, obtaining a total sample size of 263 individuals. The R Studio (2019) statistical package was used to describe the data. Results: The prevalence of TMD in the study population was 63%, with a mild disorder being the most prevalent in 44%. The Chi2 test showed statistically significant differences between sex and TMD (p = 0.001) and between sex and 5 items of the sFAI: item 4 (p= 0.001), item 7 (p= 0.001), item 8 (p = 0.021), item 9 (p= 0.001) and item 10 (p = 0.001). Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of TMD in the student population of the Faculty of Dentistry of the Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Mexico, with females presenting a higher prevalence of the presence and manifestation of symptoms in these disorders.Objetivo. Estimar la prevalencia de trastornos temporomandibulares (TTM) en estudiantes de Odontología de la Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, México. Material y métodos. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, observacional, prospectivo y transversal. El universo de estudio contempló a la población estudiantil de la Facultad de Odontología, de la Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango (México). Se incluyeron alumnos que cursaron del 1.o al 8.o semestre durante el ciclo escolar 2018-A, con edades entre los 18 y 28 años, a quienes se les aplicó un instrumento (índice anamnésico simplificado de Fonseca) que permitió caracterizar los TTM. El tamaño de la muestra se determinó utilizando el software Epi InfoTM y se obtuvo un tamaño de muestra total de 263 individuos. Para describir los datos, se utilizó el paquete estadístico R Studio Team (2019). Resultados. La prevalencia total de TTM en la población estudiada fue del 63% y el TTM más prevalente fue el leve, con un 44%. La prueba Ji2 entre el sexo y el TTM muestra significancia estadística (p = 0,001), igual que entre el sexo y los ítems del índice simplificado de Fonseca: ítem 4 (p = 0,001), ítem 7 (p = 0,021), ítem 8 (p = 0,021), ítem 9 (0,001) y el ítem 10 (p = 0,001). Conclusiones. Existe una alta prevalencia de TTM en la población estudiantil de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango (México), y el sexo femenino tiene una relación con la presencia y la manifestación de síntomas en estos trastornos

Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: what do we need to know?

AbstractCommunity-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has become a matter of concern worldwide, in particular in the USA. For the analysis of emergence and spread, clear definitions based on epidemiological origin are needed for discrimination between CA-MRSA, healthcare-associated community MRSA, and healthcare-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA). Although its role in pathogenesis is currently under debate, the capability for Panton–Valentine leukocidin formation is associated with the majority of CA-MRSA isolates from North America and from Europe. Most CA-MRSA isolates are attributed to clonal lineages different from HA-MRSA; there are, however, clonal lineages from which both HA-MRSA and CA-MRSA have been reported (e.g. ST1, ST5, ST8, and ST22); CA-MRSA ST8 (USA300), which is most frequent in the USA, has meanwhile been reported from Europe. CA-MRSA ST80 is widely disseminated in Europe; because of its pronounced oxacillin heteroresistance phenotype, cefoxitin-based assays are advisable for reliable detection. So far, CA-MRSA infections seem to be much less frequent in Europe than in the USA, where patients with particular predispositions and low social status are at especial risk

Clinical findings and prognosis of Danon’s Disease. An analysis from the Spanish multicenter Danon Registry.

Introducción y objetivos: La enfermedad de Danon (ED) es una enfermedad poco frecuente producida por mutaciones en el gen LAMP2. Se considera una enfermedad multisistémica caracterizada por: miocardiopatía hipertrófica con preexcitación y gran hipertrofia, discapacidad intelectual, miopatía, presentación infantil y peor pronóstico en varones. Existen pocas series que permitan conocer las características clínicas y el pronóstico de la ED en detalle. Métodos Estudio retrospectivo basado en el análisis de los registros clínicos de los pacientes con ED seguidos en 10 hospitales españoles. Resultados Se incluyeron 28 pacientes (3220años, 79% mujeres). Los varones demostraron una elevada prevalencia de manifestaciones extracardiacas: miopatía (80%), trastornos del aprendizaje (83%) y alteraciones visuales (60%), siendo hallazgos infrecuentes en las mujeres (5%, 0% y 24%, respectivamente). Aunque la miocardiopatía hipertrófica era la cardiopatía más habitual (67%), el grosor máximo ventricular fue 157 mm y 12 pacientes (10 mujeres) se presentaron con miocardiopatía dilatada. Sólo 11 pacientes (46%) (4 hombres y 7 mujeres) mostraron preexcitación y en 16 (67%) la enfermedad debutó por encima de los 20 años. Tras una mediana de seguimiento de 4 años (P25-752-9), 4 varones (67%) y 9 mujeres (41%) fallecieron o requirieron un trasplante. Tanto la afectación cardiaca como los eventos adversos ocurrieron más tardíamente en mujeres (37±9 vs 23±16 y 38±21 vs 20±11 años, respectivamente). Conclusiones. Las características clínicas de la ED difieren substancialmente de lo tradicionalmente considerado. La edad de presentación de la ED es más tardía, no se expresa como una patología multisistémica en mujeres y la preexcitación es poco frecuente. Aunque las mujeres presentan mal pronóstico, los eventos adversos ocurren a una edad más avanzada.Background Danon's disease (DD) is a rare disease caused by mutations in the LAMP2 gene. It is considered a multisystemic disease characterized by: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with preexcitation and ventricular hypertrophy, intellectual disability, myopathy, childhood presentation and worse prognosis in men. Available data regarding clinical characteristics and the prognosis of the DD are scarce. Methods Retrospective study based on the analysis of the clinical records of patients with ED from 10 Spanish hospitals. Results Twenty-eight patients were included (32±20 years, 79% women). Males showed a high prevalence of extracardiac manifestations: myopathy (80%), learning disorders (837%) and visual alterations (60%), which were uncommon findings in women (5%, 0% and 24%, respectively). Although hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was the most common form of heart disease (67%), maximum wall thickness was 15±7 mm and 12 patients (10 women) presented as dilated cardiomyopathy. Only 11 patients (467%) (4 men and 7 women) showed preexcitation and in 16 (67%) the disease started above 20 years-old. After a median follow-up of 4 years (P25-75: 2-9), 4 men (67%) and 9 women (41%) died or required a heart transplant. Both cardiac involvement and adverse events occurred later in women (37 ± 9 vs 23 ± 16 and 38± 21 vs 20 ± 11 years, respectively). Conclusions Clinical characteristics of DD differ substantially from what has been traditionally considered. ED usually presents at an increased age, is not a multisystemic disease in women and preexcitation is rare. Even though, women show also a poor prognosis, adverse events occur at a later age.pre-print518 K

Transethnic Genome-Wide Association Study Provides Insights in the Genetic Architecture and Heritability of Long QT Syndrome

BACKGROUND: Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a rare genetic disorder and a major preventable cause of sudden cardiac death in the young. A causal rare genetic variant with large effect size is identified in up to 80% of probands (genotype positive) and cascade family screening shows incomplete penetrance of genetic variants. Furthermore, a proportion of cases meeting diagnostic criteria for LQTS remain genetically elusive despite genetic testing of established genes (genotype negative). These observations raise the possibility that common genetic variants with small effect size contribute to the clinical picture of LQTS. This study aimed to characterize and quantify the contribution of common genetic variation to LQTS disease susceptibility. METHODS: We conducted genome-wide association studies followed by transethnic meta-analysis in 1656 unrelated patients with LQTS of European or Japanese ancestry and 9890 controls to identify susceptibility single nucleotide polymorphisms. We estimated the common variant heritability of LQTS and tested the genetic correlation between LQTS susceptibility and other cardiac traits. Furthermore, we tested the aggregate effect of the 68 single nucleotide polymorphisms previously associated with the QT-interval in the general population using a polygenic risk score. RESULTS: Genome-wide association analysis identified 3 loci associated with LQTS at genome-wide statistical significance (P&lt;5×10-8) near NOS1AP, KCNQ1, and KLF12, and 1 missense variant in KCNE1(p.Asp85Asn) at the suggestive threshold (P&lt;10-6). Heritability analyses showed that ≈15% of variance in overall LQTS susceptibility was attributable to common genetic variation (h2SNP 0.148; standard error 0.019). LQTS susceptibility showed a strong genome-wide genetic correlation with the QT-interval in the general population (rg=0.40; P=3.2×10-3). The polygenic risk score comprising common variants previously associated with the QT-interval in the general population was greater in LQTS cases compared with controls (P&lt;10-13), and it is notable that, among patients with LQTS, this polygenic risk score was greater in patients who were genotype negative compared with those who were genotype positive (P&lt;0.005). CONCLUSIONS: This work establishes an important role for common genetic variation in susceptibility to LQTS. We demonstrate overlap between genetic control of the QT-interval in the general population and genetic factors contributing to LQTS susceptibility. Using polygenic risk score analyses aggregating common genetic variants that modulate the QT-interval in the general population, we provide evidence for a polygenic architecture in genotype negative LQTS.</p