Correlation between Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants in Several Edible Mushrooms Species

Characterization of several wild growing and cultivated mushrooms from geographical area of Dambovita County, Romania, in terms of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, through a chemometrics approach, was the aim of this study. Related to the authors’ previous studies, the novelty of this paper consists in deepening research toward the complete characterization of the regional mushroom species through emphasizing their potential as food resources. In the context in which species showed their content in biological active compounds, future practical applications in the area of functional food will be developed by integrating the data concerning their lack of the toxicity and nutritional value too. Lack of data focused on the characterization of mushroom species investigated in the paper supports the significance of this research. The statistical analysis of data highlights the relationship between compounds showing antioxidant activity of autochthonous mushrooms (both cap and stipe)

Simultaneous spectrophotometric and chemometric determination of cholesterol and mono-/polyunsaturated fatty acids

Scope and Method of Study: The ultimate goal of this research project was to complete the development of a simple, direct alternative method for the simultaneous quantitative determination of cholesterol and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in human serum by exploitation of various chemometric algorithms and consequent validation with the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In addition, oleic acid (OA) was also added as the eighth component and the performance of the various chemometric algorithms were compared. The study was also extended to various food and biological samples and chemometric algorithms were applied to obtain meaningful information of the data set.Findings and Conclusions: For the first part of the study, ridge regression (RR), P-matrix (PM), principal component regression (PCR), and partial least squares (PLS2) algorithms performed quite equally well enough than the K-matrix (KM) approach when applied to the study of prepared mixtures (synthetic sera) in chloroform solutions. The PLS in the form of PLS2 model was tested for intact human serum specimens, and yielded results for w-3 and w-6 PUFA data that are comparable when using the GC-MS. Similar results were also derived for the between methods w-6/w-3 ratios. The first part of the study, therefore, showed the dominance of PLS2 over the other chemometric models.The second part of the study showed that PLS1 algorithm yielded the least root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) for all the lipid components as compared to all other algorithms. PLS1 yielded molar concentrations quite comparable with the GC-MS in the actual human serum samples. Inclusion of OA yielded high RMSEP despite attempts of utilizing the most robust algorithms like PLS1, PLS2, and PCR. GAPLS was able to successfully reduce the RMSEP for all the components over the non-GA PLS1 approach except for EPA and DHA. The spiking of human serum samples was also done in the study but the task is considered tedious for a typical clinical setting.In a study involving OA, LA, and LNA in vegetable oils, it has been shown that PCR, PLS2, and PLS1 algorithms compared quite equally well in the prediction sets and that PLS2 mostly yielded a better performance than PLS1 and PCR algorithms in the unknown samples.An extension of the assay was performed for the pattern recognition of biological and food samples. The assay was able to discriminate eleven clusters corresponding to different food and biological samples.The study has shown how the Purdie assay coupled with chemometric algorithms might provide alternatives to separations methods for the direct determination of lipids in human serum, vegetable oils, and their synthetic models. The advantages of this simple technology are the reduction in time and costs

Metabolic phenotyping of diet and dietary Intake

Nutrition provides the building blocks for growth, repair, and maintenance of the body and is key to maintaining health. Exposure to fast foods, mass production of dietary components, and wider importation of goods have challenged the balance between diet and health in recent decades, and both scientists and clinicians struggle to characterize the relationship between this changing dietary landscape and human metabolism with its consequent impact on health. Metabolic phenotyping of foods, using high-density data-generating technologies to profile the biochemical composition of foods, meals, and human samples (pre- and postfood intake), can be used to map the complex interaction between the diet and human metabolism and also to assess food quality and safety. Here, we outline some of the techniques currently used for metabolic phenotyping and describe key applications in the food sciences, ending with a broad outlook at some of the newer technologies in the field with a view to exploring their potential to address some of the critical challenges in nutritional science

The Development and Evaluation of Non-invasive Methods to Characterise the Disease States of Patients Utilising Selective Discrimination, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Chemometrics

The ‘smell’ of illness, disease or age has been known for many centuries, mainly created by volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Dogs were first reported to detect cancer in 2004. Increasingly, the profiles of VOCs are being utilised as non-invasive diagnostic methods. The aim of the thesis was to develop and evaluate the performance of analytical methods to characterise the disease states of patients utilising selective discrimination, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and chemometrics. The primary analytical technique investigated was GC-Time-of-Flight-MS coupled with headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME-GC-ToFMS). A robust and sensitive method was developed by optimisation of all sample analysis parameters and was applied to clinical samples from bladder and prostate cancer patients and those with hepatic disorders. This evidence was obtained by quantifying an internal standard, present in every sample and blank throughout the studies. Based on these findings, large numbers of clinical samples were analysed with confidence. Statistically significant mathematical models were developed in partnership with Cranfield University to classify the diseased state of samples and clinically relevant controls. PLS-DA was determined as the best classifier. The results from the HS-SPME-GC-ToFMS studies were highly promising. Bladder cancer gave a mean accuracy of >80 % and even low-grade tumours gave a sensitivity of 73 %, superior to urine cytology. Higher clinical performance was obtained in the prostate cancer study, with BPH distinguishable from cancer. Hepatic disorders were better again (>86 %). Preliminary studies on sepsis detection also showed promise. Several recommendations were made to enable significant clinical results in the future based on analytical rigour

Functionality of special beer processes and potential health benefits

Consumers’ demand for functional fermented food that can fulfill nutritional needs and help maintain a balanced diet while also having a positive impact on one’s health status is increasing all over the world. Thus, healthy choices could include beverages with nutrients and bioactive compounds which can be used as an effective disease-prevention strategy. Regular beer has certain health benefits which inspire further research with the prospect of obtaining special functional beers with little or no alcohol content. As observed, the special beer market remains highly dynamic and is predicted to expand even further. Therefore, brewers need to keep up with the consumers’ interests and needs while designing special beers, namely nonalcoholic beers (NABs), low-alcohol beers (LABs), and craft beers (CBs). Thus, understanding the potential uses of bioactive compounds in special beer, the wide range of therapeutic effects, and the possible mechanisms of action is essential for developing healthier beverages. This review aimed to evaluate the nutritional features of special beers, and their proven or potential beneficial actions on one’s health status and in preventing certain diseases

Selenium

prepared by Syracuse Research Corporation under contract no. 205-1999-00024 ; prepared for U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry."September 2003."Chemical manager(s)/author(s): John Risher ... [et al.]--P. ix."A Toxicological Profile for selenium, Draft for Public Comment was released in September, 2001. This edition supersedes any previously released draft or final profile"--P. iii."This toxicological profile is prepared in accordance with guidelines developed by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The original guidelines were published in the Federal Register on April 17, 1987"--P. v.Also available via the World Wide Web.Includes bibliographical references (p. 315-411)

Functionality of special beer processes and potential health benefits

ReviewConsumers’ demand for functional fermented food that can fulfill nutritional needs and help maintain a balanced diet while also having a positive impact on one’s health status is increasing all over the world. Thus, healthy choices could include beverages with nutrients and bioactive compounds which can be used as an effective disease-prevention strategy. Regular beer has certain health benefits which inspire further research with the prospect of obtaining special functional beers with little or no alcohol content. As observed, the special beer market remains highly dynamic and is predicted to expand even further. Therefore, brewers need to keep up with the consumers’ interests and needs while designing special beers, namely nonalcoholic beers (NABs), low-alcohol beers (LABs), and craft beers (CBs). Thus, understanding the potential uses of bioactive compounds in special beer, the wide range of therapeutic effects, and the possible mechanisms of action is essential for developing healthier beverages. This review aimed to evaluate the nutritional features of special beers, and their proven or potential beneficial actions on one’s health status and in preventing certain diseasesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Tea

This book addresses in a succinct way some of the state-of-the-art studies on the chemistry and pharmacology of teas. It starts with some of the reasons why tea is called the elixir of life, and looks at the world consumption of tea and its role in many western and eastern cultures. The book proceeds with a systematic study that establishes the predominant compositions of different types of tea. The effects of tea constituents on health are discussed, and a final chapter discusses some of the potential applications of tea in the food industry

Valor diagnóstico del perfil mineral en el perro

Este estudio fue diseñado para (i) establecer intervalos de referencia de microminarales (ii) evaluar si varían con diferentes patologías; (iii) evaluar la relación con marcadores bioquímicos, y (iv) evaluar los niveles hepáticos de Cu y sus interacciones con otros elementos en perros con hepatitis crónica. Se determinaron las concentraciones de elementos esenciales (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, Zn) y tóxicos (As, Cd, Hg, Pb) mediante ICP-MS. Este estudio, ha permitido establecer rangos de referencia e identificar alteraciones clínicas asociadas con variaciones de microminerales y de marcadores bioquímicos. Los perros con hepatitis crónica además de altos niveles de Cu en hígado presentan también niveles altos de Co, Mn y Zn

Development, chemometric-assisted optimization and in-house validation of a modified pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) method for multi-mycotoxin analysis

Abstract : Please refer to full text to view abstract.D.Tech. (Food Technology