189,317 research outputs found
Computational Sociolinguistics: A Survey
Language is a social phenomenon and variation is inherent to its social
nature. Recently, there has been a surge of interest within the computational
linguistics (CL) community in the social dimension of language. In this article
we present a survey of the emerging field of "Computational Sociolinguistics"
that reflects this increased interest. We aim to provide a comprehensive
overview of CL research on sociolinguistic themes, featuring topics such as the
relation between language and social identity, language use in social
interaction and multilingual communication. Moreover, we demonstrate the
potential for synergy between the research communities involved, by showing how
the large-scale data-driven methods that are widely used in CL can complement
existing sociolinguistic studies, and how sociolinguistics can inform and
challenge the methods and assumptions employed in CL studies. We hope to convey
the possible benefits of a closer collaboration between the two communities and
conclude with a discussion of open challenges.Comment: To appear in Computational Linguistics. Accepted for publication:
18th February, 201
Insights from Machine-Learned Diet Success Prediction
To support people trying to lose weight and stay healthy, more and more
fitness apps have sprung up including the ability to track both calories intake
and expenditure. Users of such apps are part of a wider ``quantified self''
movement and many opt-in to publicly share their logged data. In this paper, we
use public food diaries of more than 4,000 long-term active MyFitnessPal users
to study the characteristics of a (un-)successful diet. Concretely, we train a
machine learning model to predict repeatedly being over or under self-set daily
calories goals and then look at which features contribute to the model's
prediction. Our findings include both expected results, such as the token
``mcdonalds'' or the category ``dessert'' being indicative for being over the
calories goal, but also less obvious ones such as the difference between pork
and poultry concerning dieting success, or the use of the ``quick added
calories'' functionality being indicative of over-shooting calorie-wise. This
study also hints at the feasibility of using such data for more in-depth data
mining, e.g., looking at the interaction between consumed foods such as mixing
protein- and carbohydrate-rich foods. To the best of our knowledge, this is the
first systematic study of public food diaries.Comment: Preprint of an article appearing at the Pacific Symposium on
Biocomputing (PSB) 2016 in the Social Media Mining for Public Health
Monitoring and Surveillance trac
Sustainable consumption: towards action and impact. : International scientific conference November 6th-8th 2011, Hamburg - European Green Capital 2011, Germany: abstract volume
This volume contains the abstracts of all oral and poster presentations of the international scientific conference âSustainable Consumption â Towards Action and Impactâ held in Hamburg (Germany) on November 6th-8th 2011. This unique conference aims to promote a comprehensive academic discourse on issues concerning sustainable consumption and brings together scholars from a wide range of academic disciplines.
In modern societies, private consumption is a multifaceted and ambivalent phenomenon: it is a ubiquitous social practice and an economic driving force, yet at the same time, its consequences are in conflict with important social and environmental sustainability goals. Finding paths towards âsustainable consumptionâ has therefore become a major political issue. In order to properly understand the challenge of âsustainable consumptionâ, identify unsustainable patterns of consumption and bring forward the necessary innovations, a collaborative effort of researchers from different disciplines is needed
The acheulean handaxe : More like a bird's song than a beatles' tune?
© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. KV is supported by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research. MC is supported by the Canada Research Chairs Program, the Social Sciences and Humanities Research of Canada, the Canada Foundation for Innovation, the British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund, and Simon Fraser UniversityPeer reviewedPublisher PD
ENIGMA and global neuroscience: A decade of large-scale studies of the brain in health and disease across more than 40 countries
This review summarizes the last decade of work by the ENIGMA (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta Analysis) Consortium, a global alliance of over 1400 scientists across 43 countries, studying the human brain in health and disease. Building on large-scale genetic studies that discovered the first robustly replicated genetic loci associated with brain metrics, ENIGMA has diversified into over 50 working groups (WGs), pooling worldwide data and expertise to answer fundamental questions in neuroscience, psychiatry, neurology, and genetics. Most ENIGMA WGs focus on specific psychiatric and neurological conditions, other WGs study normal variation due to sex and gender differences, or development and aging; still other WGs develop methodological pipelines and tools to facilitate harmonized analyses of "big data" (i.e., genetic and epigenetic data, multimodal MRI, and electroencephalography data). These international efforts have yielded the largest neuroimaging studies to date in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance use disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, epilepsy, and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. More recent ENIGMA WGs have formed to study anxiety disorders, suicidal thoughts and behavior, sleep and insomnia, eating disorders, irritability, brain injury, antisocial personality and conduct disorder, and dissociative identity disorder. Here, we summarize the first decade of ENIGMA's activities and ongoing projects, and describe the successes and challenges encountered along the way. We highlight the advantages of collaborative large-scale coordinated data analyses for testing reproducibility and robustness of findings, offering the opportunity to identify brain systems involved in clinical syndromes across diverse samples and associated genetic, environmental, demographic, cognitive, and psychosocial factors
On Factors Affecting the Usage and Adoption of a Nation-wide TV Streaming Service
Using nine months of access logs comprising 1.9 Billion sessions to BBC
iPlayer, we survey the UK ISP ecosystem to understand the factors affecting
adoption and usage of a high bandwidth TV streaming application across
different providers. We find evidence that connection speeds are important and
that external events can have a huge impact for live TV usage. Then, through a
temporal analysis of the access logs, we demonstrate that data usage caps
imposed by mobile ISPs significantly affect usage patterns, and look for
solutions. We show that product bundle discounts with a related fixed-line ISP,
a strategy already employed by some mobile providers, can better support user
needs and capture a bigger share of accesses. We observe that users regularly
split their sessions between mobile and fixed-line connections, suggesting a
straightforward strategy for offloading by speculatively pre-fetching content
from a fixed-line ISP before access on mobile devices.Comment: In Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM 201
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