Being a cybervictim and a cyberbully – The duality of cyberbullying: A meta-analysis

Cyberbullying has been established as a serious problem that affects all countries. However, the phenomenon of duality in cyberbullying, whereby an individual assumes two completely opposite roles, i.e., being a cybervictim and a cyberbully at the same time, has not been sufficiently examined in depth. The study population of this meta-analysis of 22 studies (K = 27) comprised 47,836 adolescents whose mean age was 13.68 years. The effect size of the correlation between being both a cybervictim and a cyberbully was moderate-high (r = 0.428), and its significance was high (p<0.001). The moderator variables sex, age and culture were studied by meta-regression; only culture was found to be significant, explaining 66% of the variance (R2 = 66%). It was found in the data that Central European, Mediterranean culture, North American, South America and Asian culture in particular accounted for most of the moderator effect, while the other two variables were insignificant. The systematic review showed that the group of cyberbully-victims was chiefly formed by females with unstable family links (laissez-faire parental style, lack of communication and rules, offensive communication with parents). Lack of clear, appropriate rules and behavioural patterns in this family type reinforces problematic Internet use, which in turn increases the risk of individuals in this group becoming cybervictims. Longitudinal studies have revealed a series of grave problems and a relation between reporting being a cybervictim in the first survey waves and becoming a cyberbully in later waves. The cybervictim-bully population also proved to be more prone to suffer other psychological disorders (depression and anxiety) and emotional difficulties with peers

HUBUNGAN HARGA DIRI DENGAN CYBERBULLYING PADA REMAJA DI SMK KOSGORO 1 PADANG TAHUN 2018

41-50% remaja di Indonesia mengalami cyberbullying. Remaja dengan harga diri rendah lebih mudah menjadi target cyberbullying. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara harga diri dengan cyberbulllying pada remaja di SMK Kosgoro 1 Padang tahun 2018. Jenis penelitian ini adalah analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari sampai dengan Juli 2018. Sampel penelitian ini berjumlah 114 orang, dipilih dengan teknik proportional random sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan dua jenis kuesioner yaitu Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale untuk harga diri dan Revised Cyber Bullying Inventory untuk cyberbullying. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji korelasi Pearson. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rerata harga diri remaja sebesar 23,07, rerata pelaku cyberbullying sebesar 11,79 dan rerata korban cyberbullying sebesar 9,41. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara harga diri dengan pelaku cyberbullying, p=0,000 kekuatan hubungannya sedang r= -0,606, dengan arah hubungan negatif, juga terdapat hubungan bermakna antara harga diri dengan korban cyberbullying, p=0,000 kekuatan hubungan kuat r= -0,726 dengan arah hubungan negatif. Hubungan harga diri dengan pelaku maupun korban cyberbullying memiliki arah negatif, yang artinya semakin rendah harga diri maka semakin tinggi pelaku maupun korban cyberbullying. Diharapkan perawat dapat bekerja sama dengan pihak sekolah untuk membantu meningkatkan harga diri siswa, salah satunya dengan cara menggali aspek positif diri, dalam upaya mencegah siswa terlibat cyberbullying. Daftar Pustaka : 118 (1965 – 2017) Kata Kunci : Harga Diri, Cyberbullying, dan Remaj

Sociocultural values, attitudes and risk factors associated with adolescent cyberbullying in East Asia: a systematic review

Cyberbullying amongst adolescents is a rapidly growing and alarming global phenomenon that can significantly harm their well-being. Studying cyberbullying in East Asia is especially important, where peer pressure based on collectivistic ideals and rigid cultural scripts for social interactions remain strong. Furthermore, the countries represented in this review are amongst the top globally for internet usage, suggesting that adolescents in East Asia are likely to be excessive users of social media communication and be more exposed to various forms of cyberbullying. This systematic review summarizes findings from peer-reviewed journal articles and book chapters on cyberbullying amongst adolescents between the ages of 10 and 19 in East Asian countries (N = 21). SCOPUS, Google Scholar, and PsycINFO databases were searched for relevant work published between 2008 and 2020. Search strategies involved using keywords related to cyberbullying, adolescents, East Asia, and the name of each country represented in the region (China, South Korea, Japan, Hong Kong and Taiwan). Key factors associated with cyberbullying specific to adolescents in this region are identified and discussed in this review, such as gender socialization patterns and literacy with digital media communication, emphasis on academic achievement and school factors, urban-rural digital divide, relationship with parents and teachers, and collectivistic values. The present review highlights the need to pay further attention to the sociocultural context in future cyberbullying research and calls for more context-specific cyberbullying prevention programs and awareness initiatives

Investigating the nature and prevalence of mobile bullying in the rural Eastern Cape Province of South Africa

Limited studies have examined mobile bullying in South African schools in general and in rural schools in particular. The focus on rural schools is important to our understanding of the nature and forms of bullying. Studies conducted in other parts of the world suggest that bullying differs among urban, suburban, and rural schools. Evidence from studies on physical violence suggests that violence also takes place in many rural schools. Since rural areas are reported to have the highest level of mobile phone usage in South Africa, it is possible that mobile bullying may be more predominant in the rural communities and its implications severe. Using a survey of 984 students, the present study investigated the nature of mobile bullying in 7 rural high schools of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. It sought to identify the factors that mainly predict this aggression and the data was analysed using quantitative methods. The findings show that males are more involved in mobile bullying than females. Gender, mobile victimization, frequent usage of the mobile phone and retaliation were the main predictors of mobile bullying. This study also revealed that the influence of anonymity of the bully on mobile bullying is not necessarily direct. This influence is moderated by other factors such as the safety risk and the economic environment of school

Cyberbullying among Adolescents: Psychometric properties of the CYB-AGS cyber-aggressor Scale

The present study aims to analyze the psychometric properties of the revised version of the Adolescent Cyber-Aggressor scale (CYB-AGS). This scale is composed of 18 items that measure direct and indirect cyberbullying. A cross-sectional study was conducted using two independent samples of adolescents. The first sample included 1318 adolescents (52.6% girls) from 12 to 16 years old (M = 13.89, SD = 1.32). The second sample included 1188 adolescents (48.5% boys) from 12 to 16 years old (M = 14.19, SD = 1.80). First, to study the psychometric properties of the CYB-AGS, exploratory factor analysis was performed on Sample 1. Results indicated a two-factor structure: direct cyber-aggression and indirect cyber-aggression. Second, to verify the structure of the CYB-AGS, we selected Sample 2 to conduct confirmatory factor analysis and test the scale's convergent validity with theoretically-related measures. Results confirmed the reliability and validity of the two-dimensional model. Moreover, measurement invariance was established. Finally, regarding convergent validity, positive correlations were obtained between cyberbullying and aggressive behaviors in school, anger expression, negative attitudes towards school, and transgression of norms. Furthermore, negative correlations were found between cyberbullying and attitudes towards institutional authori

Associations between witnessing and perpetrating online hate in eight countries: The buffering effects of problem-focused coping

Online hate is a topic that has received considerable interest lately, as online hate represents a risk to self-determination and peaceful coexistence in societies around the globe. However, not much is known about the explanations for adolescents posting or forwarding hateful online material or how adolescents cope with this newly emerging online risk. Thus, we sought to better understand the relationship between a bystander to and perpetrator of online hate, and the moderating e ects of problem-focused coping strategies (e.g., assertive, technical coping) within this relationship. Self-report questionnaires on witnessing and committing online hate and assertive and technical coping were completed by 6829 adolescents between 12 and 18 years of age from eight countries. The results showed that increases in witnessing online hate were positively related to being a perpetrator of online hate. Assertive and technical coping strategies were negatively related with perpetrating online hate. Bystanders of online hate reported fewer instances of perpetrating online hate when they reported higher levels of assertive and technical coping strategies, and more frequent instances of perpetrating online hate when they reported lower levels of assertive and technical coping strategies. In conclusion, our findings suggest that, if e ective, prevention and intervention programs that target online hate should consider educating young people about problem-focused coping strategies, self-assertiveness, and media skills. Implications for future research are discussedWe acknowledge the support of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and Open Access Publishing Fund of University of Potsda

Gender differences in the association between cyberbullying victimization and perpetration: the role of anger rumination and traditional bullying experiences

Studies investigating the similarities and differences in traditional bullying and cyberbullying experiences have demonstrated considerable gender differences concerning its determinants. The aim of the present study was to provide further evidence for the differential role of determinants for males and females by investigating the moderating role of traditional bullying and anger rumination in the relationship of past cyberbullying victimization and recent cyberbullying perpetration in respect to gender. A total of 1500 Hungarian adolescents and adults (57.9% male, Mage = 28.9 years, SD = 8.7) completed an online survey on bullying experiences. Results indicated that males were more likely than females to engage in cyberbullying when they had been previously bullied online. Furthermore, high anger rumination elevated the risk of perpetration among male cyberbullying victims, while repeated victimization in traditional bullying increased the risk of cyberbullying perpetration among females. These results underline the importance of considering gender differences in intervention efforts against bullying

Extraversion, Secure Attachment dan Perilaku Cyberbullying

Riset-riset sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan individual seperti kepribadian dan gaya attachment dapat memprediksi perilaku bullying dan cyberbullying. Meski demikian, masih ditemukan adanya inkonsistensi dalam temuan-temuan sebelumnya. Penelitian ini menguji apakah dimensi kepribadian extraversion dan secure attachment berperan dalam munculnya perilaku cyberbullying. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 199 siswa SMP.&nbsp; Analisis regresi digunakan untuk menguji hipotesis yang diajukan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa rendahnya skor extraversion memprediksi tingginya skor cyberbullying. Sementara itu rendahnya skor secure attachment memprediksi tingginya skor cyberbullying. Rekomendasi dan saran dijelaskan lebih lanjut dalam artikel ini

The Role of Religiosity and Spiritual Meaningfullness towards Cyberbullying Behavior

Several previous studies have explained that cyberbullying has a negative impact on the victim. Currently, there are no research findings that examine the relationship between religiosity and spiritual meaning with cyberbullying. The current study is conducted to answer the gap of existing knowledge. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between religiosity and spiritual meaning with cyberbullying behavior. The research sample the students from a private university in Yogyakarta totaling 152 people (74 (49.3%) male; 76 (50.7%) female) who were taken by purposive sampling technique. Three questionnaires were used to collect the data. Regression analysis was implemented. The results of this study indicated that there is a very significant relationship between religiosity and spiritual meaningfulness with cyberbullying behavior. The implication of this research is to emphasize the role of religiosity and spiritual meaning for adolescents to prevent cyberbullying behavior.Keywords: Religiosity, spiritual meaning, and cyberbullying behavio

Childhood emotional trauma and cyberbullying perpetration among emerging adults: a multiple mediation model of the role of problematic social media use and psychopathology

Research suggests that a small minority of social media users experience problems as a result of their online use. The purpose of the present study was to examine the association of cyberbullying perpetration and problematic social media use with childhood emotional trauma, Cluster B (narcissistic, histrionic, antisocial, and borderline) personality traits, dissociative experiences (DEs), depression, and self-esteem in a nonclinical undergraduate sample. A total of 344 university students volunteered to complete a questionnaire that included measures on the aforementioned dimensions. Thirty-eight percent of the participants had emotional neglect and 27% had emotional abuse, while 44% of them demonstrated at least one cyberbullying perpetration behavior. Results indicated that cyberbullying perpetrators had higher scores on problematic social media use, dissociative experiences, Cluster B traits, depression and childhood emotional trauma, and lower on self-esteem. Path analysis demonstrated that, while adjusting for gender and age, childhood emotional trauma was directly and indirectly associated with cyberbullying perpetration via Cluster B traits. Moreover, depression and dissociation were directly associated with problematic social media use. The findings of this study emphasize the important direct role of childhood emotional trauma and pathological personality traits on cyberbullying perpetration