3,560 research outputs found
Spring search algorithm for simultaneous placement of distributed generation and capacitors
Purpose. In this paper, for simultaneous placement of distributed generation (DG) and capacitors, a new approach based on Spring Search Algorithm (SSA), is presented. This method is contained two stages using two sensitive index Sv and Ss. Sv and Ss are calculated according to nominal voltageand network losses. In the first stage, candidate buses are determined for installation DG and capacitors according to Sv and Ss. Then in the second stage, placement and sizing of distributed generation and capacitors are specified using SSA. The spring search algorithm is among the optimization algorithms developed by the idea of laws of nature and the search factors are a set of objects. The proposed algorithm is tested on 33-bus and 69-bus radial distribution networks. The test results indicate good performance of the proposed methodΠ¦Π΅Π»Ρ. Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π½Π° "ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ" Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠ° (Spring Search Algorithm, SSA). ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ· Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Sv ΠΈ Ss. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Sv ΠΈ Ss ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ. ΠΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ-ΠΊΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ Sv ΠΈ Ss. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ, Π½Π° Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΠ° SSA. "ΠΡΡΠΆΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ" Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠ° Π²Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΉ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ
Ρ 33 ΠΈ 69 ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°
A new methodology called dice game optimizer for capacitor placement in distribution systems
Purpose. Shunt capacitors are installed in power system for compensating reactive power. Therefore, feeder capacity releases, voltage profile improves and power loss reduces. However, determination optimal location and size of capacitors in distributionsystems is a complex optimization problem. In order to determine the optimum size and location of the capacitor, an objective function which is generally defined based on capacitor installation costs and power losses should be minimized According to operational limitations. This paper offers a newly developed metaheuristic technique, named dice game optimizerto determine optimal size and location of capacitors in a distribution network. Dice game optimizer is a game based optimization technique that is based on the rules of the dice game.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ. Π¨ΡΠ½ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΡ Π² ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π‘Π»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π΅ΠΌΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ°, ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π§ΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ°, ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅Ρ Π½Π΅Π΄Π°Π²Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ²ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄, Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ³ΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ. ΠΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡ ΠΈΠ³ΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ β ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π°Ρ
ΠΈΠ³ΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ
Movers and Shakers: Kinetic Energy Harvesting for the Internet of Things
Numerous energy harvesting wireless devices that will serve as building
blocks for the Internet of Things (IoT) are currently under development.
However, there is still only limited understanding of the properties of various
energy sources and their impact on energy harvesting adaptive algorithms.
Hence, we focus on characterizing the kinetic (motion) energy that can be
harvested by a wireless node with an IoT form factor and on developing energy
allocation algorithms for such nodes. In this paper, we describe methods for
estimating harvested energy from acceleration traces. To characterize the
energy availability associated with specific human activities (e.g., relaxing,
walking, cycling), we analyze a motion dataset with over 40 participants. Based
on acceleration measurements that we collected for over 200 hours, we study
energy generation processes associated with day-long human routines. We also
briefly summarize our experiments with moving objects. We develop energy
allocation algorithms that take into account practical IoT node design
considerations, and evaluate the algorithms using the collected measurements.
Our observations provide insights into the design of motion energy harvesters,
IoT nodes, and energy harvesting adaptive algorithms.Comment: 15 pages, 11 figure
Recommended from our members
Operation and planning of distribution networks with integration of renewable distributed generators considering uncertainties: a review
YesDistributed generators (DGs) are a reliable solution to supply economic and reliable electricity to customers. It is the last stage in delivery of electric power which can be defined as an electric power source connected directly to the distribution network or on the customer site. It is necessary to allocate DGs optimally (size, placement and the type) to obtain commercial, technical, environmental and regulatory advantages of power systems. In this context, a comprehensive literature review of uncertainty modeling methods used for modeling uncertain parameters related to renewable DGs as well as methodologies used for the planning and operation of DGs integration into distribution network.This work was supported in part by the SITARA project funded by the British Council and the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills, UK and in part by the University of Bradford, UK under the CCIP grant 66052/000000
Voltage Stability Analysis of Grid-Connected Wind Farms with FACTS: Static and Dynamic Analysis
Recently, analysis of some major blackouts and failures of power system shows that voltage instability problem has been one of the main reasons of these disturbances and networks collapse. In this paper, a systematic approach to voltage stability analysis using various techniques for the IEEE 14-bus case study, is presented. Static analysis is used to analyze the voltage stability of the system under study, whilst the dynamic analysis is used to evaluate the performance of compensators. The static techniques used are Power Flow, VβP curve analysis, and QβV modal analysis. In this study, Flexible Alternating Current Transmission system (FACTS) devices- namely, Static Synchronous Compensators (STATCOMs) and Static Var Compensators (SVCs) - are used as reactive power compensators, taking into account maintaining the violated voltage magnitudes of the weak buses within the acceptable limits defined in ANSI C84.1. Simulation results validate that both the STATCOMs and the SVCs can be effectively used to enhance the static voltage stability and increasing network loadability margin. Additionally, based on the dynamic analysis results, it has been shown that STATCOMs have superior performance, in dynamic voltage stability enhancement, compared to SVCs
Optimal control of switched capacitor banks in Vietnam distribution network using integer genetic algorithm
In distribution network, power and energy losses can be reduced by using switched capacitor banks. The capacitor banks can be switched on or off based on voltage profile or power factor or using timers. Due to variation of load, it is necessary to control the capacitor banks switching in function of load curve. This paper presents the application of an integer genetic algorithm to determine the optimal number of banks corresponding with hourly load to minimize total active power losses of distribution feeders. The problem constraints include voltage profile and heat conditions which are taken into account to the objective function by a penalty function. In this application, the structure of chromosomes is a set of numbers of the capacitor banks hourly connected to the grid. The proposed formulation is validated by a feeder. The result shows that in some cases, the active power losses at maximum compensation are greater than the ones of optimal control compensation, and the voltage reaches a higher level than the maximum voltage limit. The optimal control of switched capacitor banks can reduce power and energy losses as well as ensure maximum voltage profile within the limit
Electricity distribution network for low and medium voltages based on evolutionary approach optimization
The optimum planning of distribution systems consists of the optimum placement and size of new substations, feeders, capacitors, distributed generation and other distribution
components in order to satisfy the future power demand with minimum investment and operational costs and an acceptable level of reliability. This thesis deals with the optimization of distribution network planning to find the most affordable network design in terms of total power losses minimization and voltage profiles improvement. The planning and operation of distribution networks are driven by several important factors of network designing. The optimum placement and sizing of the capacitor banks into existing distribution networks is one of the major issues. The optimum placement and sizing of the new substations and distribution transformers with adequate feeder connections with minimum length and maximum functionality are vital for power system as well as optimum placement and sizing of the distributed generators into the existing grid. This thesis commonly investigated the impacts of these factors on voltage profile and total power losses of the networks and aims to reduce the capital cost and operational costs of the distribution networks in both LV and MV levels. Optimum capacitor installation has been utilized in terms of reactive power compensation to achieve power loss reduction, voltage regulation, and system capacity release. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is utilized to find the best possible capacitor placement and size. The OpenDSS engine is utilized to solve the power flow through MATLAB coding interface. To validate the functionality of the proposed method, the IEEE 13 node and IEEE 123 node test systems are implemented. The result shows that the proposed algorithm is more cost effective and has lower power losses compare to the IEEE standard case. In addition, the voltage profile has been improved. Optimum placement of distribution substations and determination of their sizing and feeder routing is another major issue of distribution network planning. This thesis proposes an algorithm to find the optimum distribution substation placement and sizing by utilizing the PSO algorithm and optimum feeder routing using modified Minimum Spanning Tree (MST). The proposed algorithm has been evaluated on the two types of distribution network models which are the distribution network model with 500 customers that includes LV residential and commercial loads as well as MV distribution network, and 164 nodes in MV level. The test network is generated by fractal based distribution network generation model software tool. The results indicate that proposed algorithm has succeeded in finding a reasonable placement and sizing of distributed generation with adequate feeder path. Another sector of power system that is taken into account in this work is Distributed Generators (DGs). In power system, more especially in distribution networks, DGs are able to mitigate the total losses of the network which effectively has significant effects on environmental pollution. This thesis aims to investigate the best solution for an optimal operation of distribution networks by taking into consideration the DG. The PSO method has been used to solve the DG placement and sizing on the IEEE 34 and 123 nodes test systems, respectively. It has been utilized to demonstrate the effectiveness of the PSO method to improve the voltage profile and minimize the cost by mitigating the total losses of the network
Swarm Intelligence Based Multi-phase OPF For Peak Power Loss Reduction In A Smart Grid
Recently there has been increasing interest in improving smart grids
efficiency using computational intelligence. A key challenge in future smart
grid is designing Optimal Power Flow tool to solve important planning problems
including optimal DG capacities. Although, a number of OPF tools exists for
balanced networks there is a lack of research for unbalanced multi-phase
distribution networks. In this paper, a new OPF technique has been proposed for
the DG capacity planning of a smart grid. During the formulation of the
proposed algorithm, multi-phase power distribution system is considered which
has unbalanced loadings, voltage control and reactive power compensation
devices. The proposed algorithm is built upon a co-simulation framework that
optimizes the objective by adapting a constriction factor Particle Swarm
optimization. The proposed multi-phase OPF technique is validated using IEEE
8500-node benchmark distribution system.Comment: IEEE PES GM 2014, Washington DC, US
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