Risk evaluation using evolvable discriminate function

This essay proposes a new approach to risk evaluation using disease mathematical modeling. The mathematical model is an algebraic equation of the available database attributes and is used to evaluate the patient condition. If its value is greater than zero it means that the patient is ill (or in risk condition), otherwise healthy. In practice risk evaluation has been a very difficult problem mainly due its sporadic behavior (suddenly, the patient has a stroke, etc as a condition aggravation) and its database representation. The database contains, under the label of risk patient data, information of the patient condition that sometimes is in risk condition and sometimes is not, introducing errors in the algorithm training. The study was applied to Atherosclerosis database from Discovery Challenge 2003 - ECML/PKDD 2003 workshop

Post-meiotic apozygotic combinatory process in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.)

The effect of colchicine on phenotypic classes ratio of the enzyme locus controlling alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH1) in sugar beet agamospermous progenies was analyzed. The obtained data are indicative of the thing that colchicine causes polytenization of homological chromosome regions carrying marker locus Adh1 alleles. Theoretical calculation of the formation of egg cell frequencies and those of further development of cells entering embryogenesis without fertilization, also the diminution calculation of excessive chromosome regions carrying marker locus alleles have been made. The coincidence of theoretical and experimental ratios of phenotypic classes indicates the existence of a post-meiotic apozygotic combinatory process in plants

The effects of recombination rate on the distribution and abundance of transposable elements

Transposable elements (TEs) often accumulate in regions of the genome with suppressed recombination. But it is unclear whether this pattern reflects a reduction in the efficacy of selection against deleterious insertions or a relaxation of ectopic recombination. Discriminating between these two hypotheses has been difficult, because no formal model has investigated the effects of recombination under the deleterious insertion model. Here we take a simulation-based approach to analyze this scenario and determine the conditions under which element accumulation is expected in low recombination regions. We show that TEs become fixed as a result of Hill–Robertson effects in the form of Muller's ratchet, but only in regions of extremely low recombination when excision is effectively absent and synergism between elements is weak. These results have important implications for differentiating between the leading models of how selection acts on TEs and should help to interpret emerging population genetic and genomic data

Investigating the usage of molted feather samples as a DNA source with two methods in gender ıdentification of african grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus) by molecular analyses of CHDW and CHDZ genes

Bu çalışmanın amacı Afrika gri papağanlarında (Psittacus erithacus) cinsiyet tayininde kullanmak üzere dökülmüş tüylerden DNA izolasyonunda iki metodun (metot 1 ve metot 2) etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesidir. Oniki tanesi üç aya kadar saklanmış; iki tanesi dışkıyla kontamine, ayrıca sekiz tanesi beş aya kadar saklanmış; biri dışkıyla kontamine olmak üzere toplam yirmi papağana ait dökülmüş tüy örnekleri kullanılmıştır. Üç aya kadar saklanmış ve dışkıdan ari on adet dökülmüş tüyden metot 1 ile genomik DNA başarı ile elde edilmiştir. Cinsiyet ayırımı kromo helikaz-bağlanma bölgesi genlerinin (CHDW ve CHDZ) çoğaltılması ile iki dişi sekiz erkek olarak sonuçlanmıştır. Ancak genomik DNA metot 1 ile dışkı ile kontamine olmuş tüyler ile birlikte beş aya kadar saklanmış olan tüylerin hiçbirinden, ayrıca metot 2 ile tüy örneklerinin tamamından elde edilememiştir. Dökülmüş tüylerin dışkı ile kontaminasyonu ve tazeliği cinsiyet tayininin başarısını etkilemektedir. Sonuç olarak metot 1, Afrika gri papağanlarında temiz ve taze dökülmüş tüylerden DNA izolasyonu yapılarak cinsiyet tayininde kullanılabilir.The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of two methods (method 1 and 2) for DNA isolation from molted feathers that were used in gender identification of African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus). The molted feathers of twelve parrots were stored up to three months, two were contaminated with feces, further eight were stored up to five months; one was contaminated with feces totally feather samples of twenty parrots were used. Genomic DNA was isolated with method 1 successfully from the molted feathers of ten parrots that were stored for up to three months and free from feces. The differentiation of the gender that was made by amplification of chromo helicase-binding domain genes (CHDW and CHDZ), was resulted with two females and eight males. However no genomic DNAs were obtained from the feathers contaminated with feces or were stored up to five months with method 1 and none of the samples that were processed with method 2. Feces contamination and freshness of molted feathers affect the gender identification. In conclusion method 1 can be used in DNA isolation in order to perform gender identification from clean and fresh molted feathers in African grey parrots

Anchoring linkage groups of the Rosa genetic map to physical chromosomes with tyramide-FISH and EST-SNP markers

In order to anchor Rosa linkage groups to physical chromosomes, a combination of the Tyramide-FISH technology and the modern molecular marker system based on High Resolution Melting (HRM) is an efficient approach. Although, Tyramide-FISH is a very promising technique for the visualization of short DNA probes, it is very challenging for plant species with small chromosomes such as Rosa. In this study, we successfully applied the Tyramide-FISH technique for Rosa and compared different detection systems. An indirect detection system exploiting biotinylated tyramides was shown to be the most suitable technique for reliable signal detection. Three gene fragments with a size of 1100 pb-1700 bp (Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase, Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Synthase and Orcinol O-Methyl Transferase) have been physically mapped on chromosomes 7, 4 and 1, respectively, of Rosa wichurana. The signal frequency was between 25% and 40%. HRM markers of these 3 gene fragments were used to include the gene fragments on the existing genetic linkage map of Rosa wichurana. As a result, three linkage groups could be anchored to their physical chromosomes. The information was used to check for synteny between the Rosa chromosomes and Fragaria

Chromium-Induced Sister Chromatid Exchanges in CHO Cells

SUMMARYPseudodiploid Chinese hamster cells (line CHO) were treated in vitro for 2 or 32 h with hexavalent chromium compounds (K2Cr2O7 and K2CrO4), at concentrations of 10−5 M and 10−6 M, in medium containing BUdR, and sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in 2nd division metaphases were scored. The frequency of SCEs doubled in pseudodiploid cells, whereas it only rose by 50% in the pseudotetraploid fraction. Also in cytochalasin B-generated pseudotetraploid cells, 10−6 M K2Cr2O7 induced less SCEs per chromosome than it did in pseudodiploid cells. These observations suggest that at the concentration of chromium used, the number of active molecules available for interaction with chromosomal sites may be limiting. The ratio of 2nd generation (asymmetrical) to 3rd generation (symmetrical) SCEs, scored in 3rd metaphases, was lowered by continuous K2Cr2O7 treatment. This apparent excess of symmetrical SCEs in 3rd metaphases could be explained with the induction of single-strand exchanges by chromium. This possibili..

Characterization of duplicate gene evolution in the recent natural allopolyploid Tragopogon miscellus by next-generation sequencing and Sequenom iPLEX MassARRAY genotyping

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Cytogenetic analysis of the Amazon stingless bee Melipona seminigra merrillae reveals different chromosome number for the genus

Cytogenetic analysis of the Amazon stingless bee Melipona seminigra merrillae, by conventional Giemsa staining and C-banding, revealed a different chromosome number for Melipona: 2n = 22 for females and diploid drones while the haploid drones present n = 11. There is no evidence of B chromosomes. This result contrasts with previous studies, in which the chromosome number of 19 Melipona species was determined as 2n = 18 for females and n = 9 for haploid males. Based on cytogenetic information available for other Melipona species, we propose that M. s. merrillae has a more derived diploid number. This indicates that chromosome number is not a conservative characteristic within the genus as previously thought. Cytogenetic data for stingless bees are scarce, especially in Amazon region. Additional studies will be very important in order to promote Melipona karyoevolution discussion and consequently a taxonomy review