1,932 research outputs found
A Certified-Complete Bimanual Manipulation Planner
Planning motions for two robot arms to move an object collaboratively is a
difficult problem, mainly because of the closed-chain constraint, which arises
whenever two robot hands simultaneously grasp a single rigid object. In this
paper, we propose a manipulation planning algorithm to bring an object from an
initial stable placement (position and orientation of the object on the support
surface) towards a goal stable placement. The key specificity of our algorithm
is that it is certified-complete: for a given object and a given environment,
we provide a certificate that the algorithm will find a solution to any
bimanual manipulation query in that environment whenever one exists. Moreover,
the certificate is constructive: at run-time, it can be used to quickly find a
solution to a given query. The algorithm is tested in software and hardware on
a number of large pieces of furniture.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, 1 tabl
Position and singularity analysis of a class of planar parallel manipulators with a reconfigurable end-effector
Parallel robots with configurable platforms are a class of robots in which the end-effector has an inner mobility, so that its overall shape can be reconfigured: in most cases, the end-effector is thus a closed-loop kinematic chain composed of rigid links. These robots have a greater flexibility in their motion and control with respect to rigid-platform parallel architectures, but their kinematics is more challenging to analyze. In our work, we consider n-RRR planar configurable robots, in which the end-effector is a chain composed of n links and revolute joints, and is controlled by n rotary actuators located on the base of the mechanism. In particular, we study the geometrical design of such robots and their direct and inverse kinematics for n = 4, n = 5 and n = 6; we employ the bilateration method, which can simplify the kinematic analysis and allows us to generalize the approach and the results obtained for the 3-RRR mechanism to n-RRR robots (with n > 3). Then, we study the singularity configurations of these robot architectures. Finally, we present the results from experimental tests that have been performed on a 5–RRR robot prototype
Parallel Manipulators
In recent years, parallel kinematics mechanisms have attracted a lot of attention from the academic and industrial communities due to potential applications not only as robot manipulators but also as machine tools. Generally, the criteria used to compare the performance of traditional serial robots and parallel robots are the workspace, the ratio between the payload and the robot mass, accuracy, and dynamic behaviour. In addition to the reduced coupling effect between joints, parallel robots bring the benefits of much higher payload-robot mass ratios, superior accuracy and greater stiffness; qualities which lead to better dynamic performance. The main drawback with parallel robots is the relatively small workspace. A great deal of research on parallel robots has been carried out worldwide, and a large number of parallel mechanism systems have been built for various applications, such as remote handling, machine tools, medical robots, simulators, micro-robots, and humanoid robots. This book opens a window to exceptional research and development work on parallel mechanisms contributed by authors from around the world. Through this window the reader can get a good view of current parallel robot research and applications
Modèles élastiques et élasto‐dynamiques de robots porteurs
The report presents an advanced stiffness modeling technique for parallel manipulators composed of perfect and non-perfect serial chains. The developed technique contributes both to the stiffness modeling of serial and parallel manipulators under internal and external loadings. Particular attention has been done to enhancement of VJM-based stiffness modeling technique for the case of auxiliary loading (applied to the intermediate points). The obtained results allows us to take into account gravity forces induced by the link weights which are assumed to be applied in the intermediate points. In contrast to other works, the developed technique is able to take into account deviation of the end-platform location because of inaccuracy in the geometry of serial chains, which does not allow to assemble manipulator without internal stresses. The developed aggregation procedure combines the chain stiffness models and produces the relevant force-deflection relation, the aggregated Cartesian stiffness matrix and the reference point displacements caused by inaccuracy in kinematic chains. The developed technique can be applied to both over-constrained and under-constrained manipulators, and is suitable for the cases of both small and large deflections.ANR COROUSS
An Overview of Kinematic and Calibration Models Using Internal/External Sensors or Constraints to Improve the Behavior of Spatial Parallel Mechanisms
This paper presents an overview of the literature on kinematic and calibration models of parallel mechanisms, the influence of sensors in the mechanism accuracy and parallel mechanisms used as sensors. The most relevant classifications to obtain and solve kinematic models and to identify geometric and non-geometric parameters in the calibration of parallel robots are discussed, examining the advantages and disadvantages of each method, presenting new trends and identifying unsolved problems. This overview tries to answer and show the solutions developed by the most up-to-date research to some of the most frequent questions that appear in the modelling of a parallel mechanism, such as how to measure, the number of sensors and necessary configurations, the type and influence of errors or the number of necessary parameters
Distance-based formulations for the position analysis of kinematic chains
This thesis addresses the kinematic analysis of mechanisms, in particular, the position
analysis of kinematic chains, or linkages, that is, mechanisms with rigid bodies (links)
interconnected by kinematic pairs (joints). This problem, of completely geometrical
nature, consists in finding the feasible assembly modes that a kinematic chain can adopt.
An assembly mode is a possible relative transformation between the links of a kinematic
chain. When an assignment of positions and orientations is made for all links with
respect to a given reference frame, an assembly mode is called a configuration. The
methods reported in the literature for solving the position analysis of kinematic chains
can be classified as graphical, analytical, or numerical.
The graphical approaches are mostly geometrical and designed to solve particular
problems. The analytical and numerical methods deal, in general, with kinematic chains
of any topology and translate the original geometric problem into a system of kinematic analysis of all the Assur kinematic chains resulting from replacing some of its revolute
joints by slider joints. Thus, it is concluded that the polynomials of all fully-parallel
planar robots can be derived directly from that of the widely known 3-RPR robot. In
addition to these results, this thesis also presents an efficient procedure, based on distance
and oriented area constraints, and geometrical arguments, to trace coupler curves
of pin-jointed Gr¨ubler kinematic chains. All these techniques and results together are
contributions to theoretical kinematics of mechanisms, robot kinematics, and distance
plane geometry.
equations that defines the location of each link based, mainly, on independent loop
equations. In the analytical approaches, the system of kinematic equations is reduced
to a polynomial, known as the characteristic polynomial of the linkage, using different
elimination methods —e.g., Gr¨obner bases or resultant techniques. In the numerical
approaches, the system of kinematic equations is solved using, for instance, polynomial
continuation or interval-based procedures.
In any case, the use of independent loop equations to solve the position analysis
of kinematic chains, almost a standard in kinematics of mechanisms, has seldom been
questioned despite the resulting system of kinematic equations becomes quite involved
even for simple linkages. Moreover, stating the position analysis of kinematic chains
directly in terms of poses, with or without using independent loop equations, introduces
two major disadvantages: arbitrary reference frames has to be included, and all formulas
involve translations and rotations simultaneously. This thesis departs from this standard
approach by, instead of directly computing Cartesian locations, expressing the original
position problem as a system of distance-based constraints that are then solved using
analytical and numerical procedures adapted to their particularities.
In favor of developing the basics and theory of the proposed approach, this thesis
focuses on the study of the most fundamental planar kinematic chains, namely, Baranov
trusses, Assur kinematic chains, and pin-jointed Gr¨ubler kinematic chains. The results
obtained have shown that the novel developed techniques are promising tools for the
position analysis of kinematic chains and related problems. For example, using these
techniques, the characteristic polynomials of most of the cataloged Baranov trusses can
be obtained without relying on variable eliminations or trigonometric substitutions and
using no other tools than elementary algebra. An outcome in clear contrast with the
complex variable eliminations require when independent loop equations are used to tackle
the problem.
The impact of the above result is actually greater because it is shown that the
characteristic polynomial of a Baranov truss, derived using the proposed distance-based
techniques, contains all the necessary and sufficient information for solving the positionEsta tesis aborda el problema de análisis de posición de cadenas cinemáticas, mecanismos con cuerpos rígidos (enlaces)
interconectados por pares cinemáticos (articulaciones). Este problema, de naturaleza geométrica, consiste en encontrar los
modos de ensamblaje factibles que una cadena cinemática puede adoptar. Un modo de ensamblaje es una transformación
relativa posible entre los enlaces de una cadena cinemática. Los métodos reportados en la literatura para la solución del análisis
de posición de cadenas cinemáticas se pueden clasificar como gráficos, analíticos o numéricos.
Los enfoques gráficos son geométricos y se diseñan para resolver problemas particulares. Los métodos analíticos y numéricos
tratan con cadenas cinemáticas de cualquier topología y traducen el problema geométrico original en un sistema de ecuaciones
cinemáticas que define la ubicación de cada enlace, basado generalmente en ecuaciones de bucle independientes. En los
enfoques analíticos, el sistema de ecuaciones cinemáticas se reduce a un polinomio, conocido como el polinomio característico
de la cadena cinemática, utilizando diferentes métodos de eliminación. En los métodos numéricos, el sistema se resuelve
utilizando, por ejemplo, la continuación polinomial o procedimientos basados en intervalos.
En cualquier caso, el uso de ecuaciones de bucle independientes, un estándar en cinemática de mecanismos, rara vez ha sido
cuestionado a pesar de que el sistema resultante de ecuaciones es bastante complicado, incluso para cadenas simples. Por otra
parte, establecer el análisis de la posición de cadenas cinemáticas directamente en términos de poses, con o sin el uso de
ecuaciones de bucle independientes, presenta dos inconvenientes: sistemas de referencia arbitrarios deben ser introducidos, y
todas las fórmulas implican traslaciones y rotaciones de forma simultánea. Esta tesis se aparta de este enfoque estándar
expresando el problema de posición original como un sistema de restricciones basadas en distancias, en lugar de directamente
calcular posiciones cartesianas. Estas restricciones son posteriormente resueltas con procedimientos analíticos y numéricos
adaptados a sus particularidades.
Con el propósito de desarrollar los conceptos básicos y la teoría del enfoque propuesto, esta tesis se centra en el estudio de las
cadenas cinemáticas planas más fundamentales, a saber, estructuras de Baranov, cadenas cinemáticas de Assur, y cadenas
cinemáticas de Grübler. Los resultados obtenidos han demostrado que las técnicas desarrolladas son herramientas
prometedoras para el análisis de posición de cadenas cinemáticas y problemas relacionados. Por ejemplo, usando dichas
técnicas, los polinomios característicos de la mayoría de las estructuras de Baranov catalogadas se puede obtener sin realizar
eliminaciones de variables o sustituciones trigonométricas, y utilizando solo álgebra elemental. Un resultado en claro contraste
con las complejas eliminaciones de variables que se requieren cuando se utilizan ecuaciones de bucle independientes.
El impacto del resultado anterior es mayor porque se demuestra que el polinomio característico de una estructura de Baranov,
derivado con las técnicas propuestas, contiene toda la información necesaria y suficiente para resolver el análisis de posición de
las cadenas cinemáticas de Assur que resultan de la sustitución de algunas de sus articulaciones de revolución por
articulaciones prismáticas. De esta forma, se concluye que los polinomios de todos los robots planares totalmente paralelos se
pueden derivar directamente del polinomio característico del conocido robot 3-RPR. Adicionalmente, se presenta un
procedimiento eficaz, basado en restricciones de distancias y áreas orientadas, y argumentos geométricos, para trazar curvas
de acoplador de cadenas cinemáticas de Grübler. En conjunto, todas estas técnicas y resultados constituyen contribuciones a la
cinemática teórica de mecanismos, la cinemática de robots, y la geometría plana de distancias.
Barcelona 13
Kinematic and dynamic analysis of spatial six degree of freedom parallel structure manipulator
Thesis (Master)--Izmir Institute of Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Izmir, 2003Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 63-69)Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and Englishviii, 86 leavesThis thesis covers a study on kinematic and dynamic analysis of a new type of spatial six degree of freedom parallel manipulator. The background for structural synthesis of parallel manipulators is also given. The structure of the said manipulator is especially designed to cover a larger workspace then well-known Stewart Platform and its derivates. The main point of interest for this manipulator is its hybrid actuating system, consisting of three revolute and three linear actuators.Kinematic analysis comprises forward and inverse displacement analysis. Screw Theory and geometric constraint considerations were the main tools used. While it was possible to derive a closed-form solution for the inverse displacement analysis, a numerical approach was used to solve the problem of forward displacement analysis. Based on the results of the kinematic analysis, a rough workspace study of the manipulator is also accomplished. On the dynamics part, attention has been given on inverse dynamics problem using Lagrange-Euler approach.Both high and lower level software were heavily utilized. Also computer software called .CASSoM. and .iMIDAS. are developed to be used for structural synthesis and inverse displacement analysis. The major contribution of the study to the scientific community is the proposal of a new type of parallel manipulator, which has to be studied extensively regarding its other interesting properties
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