27 research outputs found
SDNにおけるパケット損失とループを防止するネットワーク設定更新方式の検討
今のインターネットは世界を結ぶ情報社会の基盤となっている。様々なサービスやアプリケーションはインターネット上で増加しており、ネットワークはますます複雑になっている。このような状態を打破するため新たなネットワークアーキテクチャの設計が必要となる。ソフトウェア定義ネットワーク(SDN)は、コントロールプレーンとデータプレーンを分離するネットワークへの新しいアプローチである。SDNネットワークにおいて、新しいトポロジーおよびサービスを適合させるため、ネットワークの設定を更新することは一般的である。この新しい技術を実現するため、OpenFlowという新しい技術を標準として導入される。OpenFlowプロトコルはコントロールプレーンとデータプレーンの間の通信が可能にする。しかし、全てのネットワーク機器において設定の更新が整合性を持たなければ、不一致性による問題が生じる。この問題により、ネットワークにおけるパケット損失やループなど不正確な動作が起こる可能性がある。本稿では、SDNとOpenFlowに関する関連技術を紹介し、SDNにおける不一致性問題を定義し、先行研究を交えて議論する。そして、パケット損失とループを防止するネットワーク設定更新方式を提案する。具体的にはSDNコントロールはネットワーク設定の更新前と更新後の転送経路を分析し、開放ループと閉合ループの有無により二つの経路間の関係を分類する。この関係を基づいて、スイッチ設定の更新の順番を計算し、コントロールはこの順番によってネットワーク設定を更新する。提案の正確性を検証するため、コントロールPOXとネットワークエミュレータMininet上で実装しシミュレーションを行い、TCPとUDP二つのプロトコルでリンクのスループットやパケット損失を評価した。結果としては提案手法はリンクのスループットを保証し、パケット損失を抑制を実現した。また上記の提案手法を実装するためには、コントローラとスイッチ間の遅延が大きく作用するため、コントロールとスイッチの間に遅延の測定と設置の手法を提案し、評価を行った。最後に関連研究と比較して提案方式を議論した。電気通信大学201
Intelligent multimedia flow transmission through heterogeneous networks using cognitive software defined networks
[ES] La presente tesis aborda el problema del encaminamiento en las redes definidas
por software (SDN). Específicamente, aborda el problema del diseño de un protocolo
de encaminamiento basado en inteligencia artificial (AI) para garantizar
la calidad de servicio (QoS) en transmisiones multimedia. En la primera parte
del trabajo, el concepto de SDN es introducido. Su arquitectura, protocolos
y ventajas son comentados. A continuación, el estado del arte es presentado,
donde diversos trabajos acerca de QoS, encaminamiento, SDN y AI son detallados.
En el siguiente capítulo, el controlador SDN, el cual juega un papel central
en la arquitectura propuesta, es presentado. Se detalla el diseño del controlador
y se compara su rendimiento con otro controlador comúnmente utilizado.
Más tarde, se describe las propuestas de encaminamiento. Primero, se aborda
la modificación de un protocolo de encaminamiento tradicional. Esta modificación
tiene como objetivo adaptar el protocolo de encaminamiento tradicional
a las redes SDN, centrado en las transmisiones multimedia. A continuación,
la propuesta final es descrita. Sus mensajes, arquitectura y algoritmos son
mostrados. Referente a la AI, el capítulo 5 detalla el módulo de la arquitectura
que la implementa, junto con los métodos inteligentes usados en la propuesta
de encaminamiento. Además, el algoritmo inteligente de decisión de rutas
es descrito y la propuesta es comparada con el protocolo de encaminamiento
tradicional y con su adaptación a las redes SDN, mostrando un incremento de
la calidad final de la transmisión. Finalmente, se muestra y se describe algunas
aplicaciones basadas en la propuesta. Las aplicaciones son presentadas para
demostrar que la solución presentada en la tesis está diseñada para trabajar
en redes heterogéneas.[CA] La present tesi tracta el problema de l'encaminament en les xarxes definides
per programari (SDN). Específicament, tracta el problema del disseny d'un
protocol d'encaminament basat en intel·ligència artificial (AI) per a garantir
la qualitat de servici (QoS) en les transmissions multimèdia. En la primera
part del treball, s'introdueix les xarxes SDN. Es comenten la seva arquitectura,
els protocols i els avantatges. A continuació, l'estat de l'art és presentat,
on es detellen els diversos treballs al voltant de QoS, encaminament, SDN
i AI. Al següent capítol, el controlador SDN, el qual juga un paper central
a l'arquitectura proposta, és presentat. Es detalla el disseny del controlador
i es compara el seu rendiment amb altre controlador utilitzat comunament.
Més endavant, es descriuen les propostes d'encaminament. Primer, s'aborda
la modificació d'un protocol d'encaminament tradicional. Aquesta modificació
té com a objectiu adaptar el protocol d'encaminament tradicional a les xarxes
SDN, centrat a les transmissions multimèdia. A continuació, la proposta final
és descrita. Els seus missatges, arquitectura i algoritmes són mostrats. Pel
que fa a l'AI, el capítol 5 detalla el mòdul de l'arquitectura que la implementa,
junt amb els mètodes intel·ligents usats en la proposta d'encaminament. A
més a més, l'algoritme intel·ligent de decisió de rutes és descrit i la proposta és
comparada amb el protocol d'encaminament tradicional i amb la seva adaptació
a les xarxes SDN, mostrant un increment de la qualitat final de la transmissió.
Finalment, es mostra i es descriuen algunes aplicacions basades en la proposta.
Les aplicacions són presentades per a demostrar que la solució presentada en
la tesi és dissenyada per a treballar en xarxes heterogènies.[EN] This thesis addresses the problem of routing in Software Defined Networks
(SDN). Specifically, the problem of designing a routing protocol based on Artificial
Intelligence (AI) for ensuring Quality of Service (QoS) in multimedia
transmissions. In the first part of the work, SDN is introduced. Its architecture,
protocols and advantages are discussed. Then, the state of the art is
presented, where several works regarding QoS, routing, SDN and AI are detailed.
In the next chapter, the SDN controller, which plays the central role
in the proposed architecture, is presented. The design of the controller is detailed
and its performance compared to another common controller. Later, the
routing proposals are described. First, a modification of a traditional routing
protocol is discussed. This modification intends to adapt a traditional routing
protocol to SDN, focused on multimedia transmissions. Then, the final proposal
is described. Its messages, architecture and algorithms are depicted. As
regards AI, chapter 5 details the module of the architecture that implements
it, along with all the intelligent methods used in the routing proposal. Furthermore,
the intelligent route decision algorithm is described and the final
proposal is compared to the traditional routing protocol and its adaptation to
SDN, showing an increment of the end quality of the transmission. Finally,
some applications based on the routing proposal are described. The applications
are presented to demonstrate that the proposed solution can work with
heterogeneous networks.Rego Máñez, A. (2020). Intelligent multimedia flow transmission through heterogeneous networks using cognitive software defined networks [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/160483TESI
Improving the performance of software-defined networks using dynamic flow installation and management techniques
As computer networks evolve, they become more complex, introducing several challenges in the areas of performance and management. Such problems can lead to stagnation in network innovation. Software Defined Networks (SDN) framework could be one of the best candidates for improving and revolutionising networking by giving the full control to the network administrators to implement new management and performance optimisation techniques.
This thesis examines performance issues faced in SDN due to the introduction of the SDN Controller. These issues include the extra delay due to the round-trip time between the switch and the controller as well as the fact that some packets arrive at the destination out-of-order.
We propose a novel dynamic flow installation and management algorithm (OFPE) using the SDN protocol OpenFlow, which preserves the controller to a non-overloaded CPU state and allow it to dynamically add and adjust flow table rules to reduce packet delay and out-of-order packets. In addition, we propose OFPEX, an extension to OFPE algorithm that includes techniques for managing multi-switch environments as well as methods that make use of the packets interarrival time in categorising and serving packet flows. Such techniques allow topology awareness, helping the controller to install flow table rules in such a way to form optimal routes for high priority flows thus increasing network performance. For the performance evaluation of the proposed algorithms, both hardware testbed as well as emulation experiments have been conducted. The performance results indicate that OFPE algorithm achieves a significant enhancement in performance in the form of reduced delay by up to 92.56% (depending on the scenario), reduced packet loss by up to 55.32% and reduced out-of-order packets by up to 69.44%.
Furthermore, we propose a novel placement algorithm for distributed Mininet implementations which uses weights in order to distribute the experiment components to the appropriately distributed machines. The proposed algorithm uses static code analysis in order to examine the experimental code as well as it measures the capabilities of physical components in order to create a weights table which is then used to distribute the experiment components properly. The performance results of the proposed algorithm evaluation indicated reductions in delay and packet loss of up to 65.51% and 86.35% respectively, as well as a decrease in the standard deviation of CPU usage by up to 88.63%. These results indicate that the proposed algorithm distributes the experiment components evenly across the available resources.
Finally, we propose a series of Benchmarking tests that can be used to rate all the available SDN experimental platforms. These tests allow the selection of the appropriate experimental platform according to the scenario needs as well as they indicate the resources needed by each platform
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A software-defined survivability approach for wireless sensor networks in future internet of the things
This thesis was submitted for the award of Doctor of Philosophy and was awarded by Brunel University LondonThe Internet of the Things (IoT) is evolving rapidly, and its significant impacts
are expected to affect many application domains. Challenges in areas that humans
have been striving to understand, measure, or predict—such as wildlife, healthcare,
or environmental hazards—are likely to be addressed by the time IoT emerges.
The underlying elements of IoT are wireless sensor networks (WSNs),
which consist of a large number of sensor nodes. In the IoT sphere, sensor nodes
represent tangible objects—Things—that monitor changes, collect information,
and eventually send it through the Internet to a recipient party. Inherently, however,
a wireless sensor node relies on limited computational resources with a limited
power source. These undesirable qualities result in a low level of dependability.
This research explores the viability of applying the unfolding network programmability
concepts to overcome survivability obstacles in WSNs and the IoT. In particular,
it examines the viability of software-defined networking (SDN) in network
lifetime maximisation, failure detection, and failure recovery problems in WSNs.
Software-defined networking is a new network programmability concept
that separates the traditionally-tied control and data planes. It offloads the route
computations and management from network devices to a logically centralised
controller. This separation directly leads to better allocation of computational
resources for the network nodes and allows endless orchestration possibilities for
the controller. This thesis proposes an SDN-based solution to increase the survivability
and resilience of WSN environments. Following an approach that conforms
with the centralised nature of SDN environments and considers the limited resources
of the WSN.
A routing algorithm based on A-star was developed for WSNs, then deployed
within an SDN environment to maximise the network lifetime. Apart from finding the path with the lowest energy burden, the algorithm offloads most of
the control traffic from sensor nodes to the controller. This algorithm resulted
in improved resource utilisation among the nodes due to plane decoupling. Additionally,
it increased the lifetime of the network by 22.6% compared to the widely
explored LEACH protocol.
This thesis also investigates different failure detection and recovery practices
in the SDN architecture. The simulation results show that adopting bidirectional
forwarding detection (BFD) with the asynchronous echo mode for WSN
in an SDN environment reduces control traffic for failure detection to between
27% and 48%. The thesis also evaluates the performance of multiple recovery approaches
when adopting the premises of SDN. The simulation results indicate that
path protection, using group tables from the OpenFlow protocol, has a recovery
time up to eight times shorter than the restoration time. The results of the study
reveal that using protection as a failure recovery technique significantly reduces
control traffic overhead
A survey on software-defined wireless sensor networks : challenges and design requirements
Software defined networking (SDN) brings about innovation, simplicity in network management,
and configuration in network computing. Traditional networks often lack the flexibility to bring into
effect instant changes because of the rigidity of the network and also the over dependence on proprietary
services. SDN decouples the control plane from the data plane, thus moving the control logic from the
node to a central controller. A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a great platform for low-rate wireless
personal area networks with little resources and short communication ranges. However, as the scale of
WSN expands, it faces several challenges, such as network management and heterogeneous-node networks.
The SDN approach to WSNs seeks to alleviate most of the challenges and ultimately foster efficiency and
sustainability in WSNs. The fusion of these two models gives rise to a new paradigm: Software defined
wireless sensor networks (SDWSN). The SDWSN model is also envisioned to play a critical role in the
looming Internet of Things paradigm. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the SDWSN literature.
Moreover, it delves into some of the challenges facing this paradigm, as well as the major SDWSN design
requirements that need to be considered to address these challenges.http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=6287639hb2017Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineerin
Design and Analysis of Anomaly Detection and Mitigation Schemes for Distributed Denial of Service Attacks in Software Defined Network. An Investigation into the Security Vulnerabilities of Software Defined Network and the Design of Efficient Detection and Mitigation Techniques for DDoS Attack using Machine Learning Techniques
Software Defined Networks (SDN) has created great potential and hope to
overcome the need for secure, reliable and well managed next generation
networks to drive effective service delivery on the go and meet the demand
for high data rate and seamless connectivity expected by users. Thus, it
is a network technology that is set to enhance our day-to-day activities.
As network usage and reliance on computer technology are increasing
and popular, users with bad intentions exploit the inherent weakness of
this technology to render targeted services unavailable to legitimate users.
Among the security weaknesses of SDN is Distributed Denial of Service
(DDoS) attacks.
Even though DDoS attack strategy is known, the number of successful
DDoS attacks launched has seen an increment at an alarming rate over
the last decade. Existing detection mechanisms depend on signatures of
known attacks which has not been successful in detecting unknown or
different shades of DDoS attacks. Therefore, a novel detection mechanism
that relies on deviation from confidence interval obtained from the normal
distribution of throughput polled without attack from the server. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis to determine which of the network metrics (jitter, throughput and response time) is more sensitive to attack by
introducing white Gaussian noise and evaluating the local sensitivity using feed-forward artificial neural network is evaluated. All metrics are sensitive in detecting DDoS attacks. However, jitter appears to be the most sensitive to attack. As a result, the developed framework provides
an avenue to make the SDN technology more robust and secure to DDoS
attacks