Boletín NUESTRA AMÉRICA XXI - Desafíos y alternativas, num.43, Marzo 2020

Una excelente iniciativa del Grupo de Trabajo Crisis y economía mundial, coordinado por María Josefina Morales, Julio Gambina y Gabriela Roffinelli

Results of the COVID-19 mental health international for the general population (COMET-G) study.

INTRODUCTION: There are few published empirical data on the effects of COVID-19 on mental health, and until now, there is no large international study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: During the COVID-19 pandemic, an online questionnaire gathered data from 55,589 participants from 40 countries (64.85% females aged 35.80 ± 13.61; 34.05% males aged 34.90±13.29 and 1.10% other aged 31.64±13.15). Distress and probable depression were identified with the use of a previously developed cut-off and algorithm respectively. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Descriptive statistics were calculated. Chi-square tests, multiple forward stepwise linear regression analyses and Factorial Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) tested relations among variables. RESULTS: Probable depression was detected in 17.80% and distress in 16.71%. A significant percentage reported a deterioration in mental state, family dynamics and everyday lifestyle. Persons with a history of mental disorders had higher rates of current depression (31.82% vs. 13.07%). At least half of participants were accepting (at least to a moderate degree) a non-bizarre conspiracy. The highest Relative Risk (RR) to develop depression was associated with history of Bipolar disorder and self-harm/attempts (RR = 5.88). Suicidality was not increased in persons without a history of any mental disorder. Based on these results a model was developed. CONCLUSIONS: The final model revealed multiple vulnerabilities and an interplay leading from simple anxiety to probable depression and suicidality through distress. This could be of practical utility since many of these factors are modifiable. Future research and interventions should specifically focus on them

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Distribución potencial de dos especies de leguminosas en la microcuenca Tula, México

Macroptilium atropurpureum(DC.) Urb and Vicia sativaL. are two forage species with potential for the rehabilitation of soils that tolerate drought, compete with unwanted plants and fix nitrogen. However, its potential distribution in Mexico and the convenient areas to introduce them are unknown. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the potential geographical distribution of M. atropurpureumand V. sativa, in the Tula micro-basin, Mexico using the BIOCLIM ecological niche model, to determine their optimal growth zones, for soil rehabilitation purposes. For the modeling, 15 bioclimatic variables were used, as well as 19 records of the presence of the species V. sativaand 219 of M. atropurpureum, obtained from the REMIB and MEXU databases. The modeling results indicated that the models, for M. atropurpureumand V. sativa, have a good predictive capacity, according to the values obtained from the Area under the Curve, AUC, with 0.801 and 0.967, respectively. The potential distribution of the V. sativaspecies ranged from low to very low, 96% of the surface of the micro-basin; while 97% of the surface for M. atropurpureumwas very low and they registered a regular survival with 70% and 66%, respectively, in the experimental validation in the field. Due to the low distribution potential and their regular survival, the introduction of the two species was not considered an option for soil rehabilitation in the Tula microbasin.Macroptilium atropurpureum (DC.) Urb y Vicia sativa L. son dos especies forrajeras con potencial para la rehabilitación de suelos que toleran la sequía, compiten con plantas indeseadas y fijan nitrógeno. Sin embargo, se desconoce su distribución potencial en México y las zonas convenientes para introducirlas. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la distribución geográfica potencial de M. atropurpureum y V. sativa, en la microcuenca Tula, México mediante el modelo de nicho ecológico BIOCLIM, para determinar sus zonas de óptimo crecimiento, con fines de rehabilitación de suelos. Para la modelación, se utilizaron 15 variables bioclimáticas, así como 19 registros de presencia de la especie V. sativa y 219 de M. atropurpureum, obtenidos de las bases de datos REMIB y MEXU. Los resultados de la modelación indicaron que los modelos, para M. atropurpureum y V. sativa, tienen una buena capacidad de predicción, de acuerdo con los valores obtenidos del Área Bajo la Curva, AUC, con 0.801 y 0.967, respectivamente. La distribución potencial de la especie V. sativa osciló de bajo a muy bajo, 96% de la superficie de la microcuenca; mientras que 97% de la superficie para M. atropurpureum fue muy baja y registraron una regular supervivencia con 70% y 66%, respectivamente, en la validación experimental en campo. Debido al bajo potencial de distribución y su regular supervivencia, la introducción de las dos especies no se consideró una opción para la rehabilitación de suelos en la microcuenca Tula

Diagnóstico del uso del suelo y vegetación en la microcuenca Tula, México

Changes in land use and plant cover are the main component in global, regional and local deterioration, and have been documented as the second global environmental problem. In Mexico, there are few planning policies in the territorial development of the municipalities and a poor decision making in the management of natural resources, an example of which is the Tula microbasin. The objective of the research work was to diagnose the current situation and the changes in the coverage and land use of the Tula microbasin, through spatial analysis, to know its main processes of change, with the purpose of designing strategies that allow sustainable management of its natural resources. The spatial analysis was carried out, based on Landsat satellite images (1992, 2000 and 2017) using geographic information systems. To identify the changes, cross-tabulations were applied and exchange rates were estimated. In the analyzed period (25 years), the agricultural area increased 33% and a loss of forest area of 22%. Exchange rates and likelihood of permanence indicated that continuing with the current trend will continue to increase agricultural areas and bodies of water, as well as the abandonment of some areas due to their low productivity.Los cambios en el uso de suelo y la cobertura vegetal son el componente principal en el deterioro a escala global, regional y local, y han sido documentados como el segundo problema ambiental a nivel global. En México, hay pocas políticas de planificación en el desarrollo territorial de los municipios y una deficiente toma de decisiones en el manejo de los recursos naturales, ejemplo de ello es la microcuenca Tula. El trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo, diagnosticar la situación actual y los cambios en la cobertura y uso de suelo de la microcuenca Tula, México por medio del análisis espacial, para conocer sus principales procesos de cambio, con el propósito de diseñar estrategias que permitan un manejo sustentable de sus recursos naturales. El análisis espacial se realizó, a partir de imágenes satelitales Landsat (1992, 2000 y 2017) mediante sistemas de información geográfica. Para identificar los cambios se aplicaron tabulaciones cruzadas y se estimaron las tasas de cambio. En el periodo analizado (25 años), el área agrícola se incrementó 33% y una pérdida de superficie forestal de 22%. Las tasas de cambio y probabilidad de permanencia indicaron que de continuar con la tendencia actual seguirán incrementándose las áreas agrícolas y los cuerpos de agua, así como el abandono de algunas superficies debido a su baja productividad

Análisis de adaptabilidad de Leucaena collinsii en la microcuenca Tula, México

In recent decades, the deterioration of natural resources in Mexico has increased due to changes in land use and increasing urbanization in areas of high ecological vulnerability and low levels of productivity.The Tula micro-basin, Mexico is located in a semi-dry climate zone where soil degradation and population increase are having a strong impact on soil conservation. The objective of this study was to determine the areas suitable for the optimal development of the Leucaena collinsii Britton & Rose species in the Tula microbasin, through the maximum entropy ecological nichemodel, MaxEnt, for soil rehabilitation purposes. For the modeling, 19 environmental variables and 8 presence records were used, obtained from the GBIF and MEXU databases. The modeling results indicated that the variables with the greatest contribution were temperature and evapotranspiration, and that the model has a good predictive capacity (p-value= 0.013), according to the significance test with a level α= 0.05, based on the Jackniffie technique. In the model, the potential distribution of the species was low, with just 8% of the surface of the micro-basin, but a high survival (100%) was recorded, in the experimental validation. It was concluded that there are few adaptability zones for the species, in the Tula microbasin; however, its high survival in the experimental plot, determined that its introduction is an option for soil rehabilitation.En las últimas décadas, el deterioro de los recursos naturales en México se ha incrementado debido a los cambios del uso del suelo y a la urbanización creciente en áreas de alta vulnerabilidad ecológica y bajos niveles de productividad. La microcuenca Tula, México está ubicada en una zona de clima semiseco donde la degradación del suelo y el incremento de la población están ejerciendo un fuerte impacto en la conservación del suelo. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar las zonas aptas para el desarrollo óptimo de la especie Leucaena collinsii Britton & Rose en la microcuenca Tula, a través del modelo de nicho ecológico de máxima entropía, MaxEnt, con fines de rehabilitación del suelo. Para el modelado, se utilizaron 19 variables ambientales y 8 registros de presencia, obtenidas de las bases de datos GBIF y MEXU. Los resultados de la modelación indicaron que las variables con mayor contribución fueron la temperatura y la evapotranspiración, y el modelo tiene buena capacidad de predicción (p-valor= 0.013), de acuerdo con la prueba de significancia con α= 0.05, basada en la técnica de Jackniffie. En el modelo, la distribución potencial de la especie fue baja, con apenas 8% de la superficie de la microcuenca, pero se registró una alta sobrevivencia (100%), en la validación experimental. Se concluyó que existen escasas zonas de adaptabilidad para la especie, en la microcuenca Tula; sin embargo, su alta sobrevivencia en la parcela experimental determinó que su introducción es una opción para la rehabilitación del suelo

Agreement in the assessment of metastatic spine disease using scoring systems

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