1,613 research outputs found
Note on a result of Morse and Bolt
A result given without derivation by Morse and Bolt [1] pertaining to the reflection of a spherical sound wave from an absorbent surface is investigated. It is shown that the result as given is not quite accurate
More loosely bound hadron molecules at CDF?
In a recent paper we have proposed a method to estimate the prompt production
cross section of X(3872) at the Tevatron assuming that this particle is a
loosely bound molecule of a D and a D*bar meson. Under this hypothesis we find
that it is impossible to explain the high prompt production cross section found
by CDF at sigma(X(3872)) \sim 30-70 nb as our theoretical prediction is about
300 times smaller than the measured one. Following our work, Artoisenet and
Braaten, have suggested that final state interactions in the DD*bar system
might be so strong to push the result we obtained for the cross section up to
the experimental value. Relying on their conclusions we show that the
production of another very narrow loosely bound molecule, the X_s=D_s D_s*bar,
could be similarly enhanced. X_s should then be detectable at CDF with a mass
of 4080 MeV and a prompt production cross section of sigma(X_s) \sim 1-3 nb.Comment: Minor revisions made. To appear in Phys Lett
Self-organised criticality in base-pair breathing in DNA with a defect
We analyse base-pair breathing in a DNA sequence of 12 base-pairs with a
defective base at its centre. We use both all-atom molecular dynamics (MD)
simulations and a system of stochastic differential equations (SDE). In both
cases, Fourier analysis of the trajectories reveals self-organised critical
behaviour in the breathing of base-pairs. The Fourier Transforms (FT) of the
interbase distances show power-law behaviour with gradients close to -1. The
scale-invariant behaviour we have found provides evidence for the view that
base-pair breathing corresponds to the nucleation stage of large-scale DNA
opening (or 'melting') and that this process is a (second-order) phase
transition. Although the random forces in our SDE system were introduced as
white noise, FTs of the displacements exhibit pink noise, as do the
displacements in the AMBER/MD simulations.Comment: 18 pages, 8 figure
On the Initial Conditions for Brane Inflation
String theory gives rise to various mechanisms to generate primordial
inflation, of which ``brane inflation'' is one of the most widely considered.
In this scenario, inflation takes place while two branes are approaching each
other, and the modulus field representing the separation between the branes
plays the role of the inflaton field. We study the phase space of initial
conditions which can lead to a sufficiently long period of cosmological
inflation, and find that taking into account the possibility of nonvanishing
initial momentum can significantly change the degree of fine tuning of the
required initial conditions.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figure
Diversity and impact of rare variants in genes encoding the platelet G protein-coupled receptors
Platelet responses to activating agonists are influenced by common
population variants within or near G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)
genes that affect receptor activity. However, the impact of rare GPCR
gene variants is unknown. We describe the rare single nucleotide variants
(SNVs) in the coding and splice regions of 18 GPCR genes in
7,595 exomes from the 1,000-genomes and Exome Sequencing
Project databases and in 31 cases with inherited platelet function disorders
(IPFDs). In the population databases, the GPCR gene target
regions contained 740 SNVs (318 synonymous, 410 missense, 7 stop
gain and 6 splice region) of which 70 % had global minor allele frequency
(MAF) < 0.05 %. Functional annotation using six computational
algorithms, experimental evidence and structural data identified
156/740 (21 %) SNVs as potentially damaging to GPCR function, most
commonly in regions encoding the transmembrane and C-terminal intracellular
receptor domains. In 31 index cases with IPFDs (Gi-pathway
defect n=15; secretion defect n=11; thromboxane pathway defect
n=3 and complex defect n=2) there were 256 SNVs in the target
regions of 15 stimulatory platelet GPCRs (34 unique; 12 with
MAF< 1 % and 22 with MAFâ„ 1 %). These included rare variants predicting
R122H, P258T and V207A substitutions in the P2Y12 receptor
that were annotated as potentially damaging, but only partially explained
the platelet function defects in each case. Our data highlight
that potentially damaging variants in platelet GPCR genes have low
individual frequencies, but are collectively abundant in the population.
Potentially damaging variants are also present in pedigrees with IPFDs
and may contribute to complex laboratory phenotypes
The magnetic mass of transverse gluon, the B-meson weak decay vertex and the triality symmetry of octonion
With an assumption that in the Yang-Mills Lagrangian, a left-handed fermion
and a right-handed fermion both expressed as quaternion make an octonion which
possesses the triality symmetry, I calculate the magnetic mass of the
transverse self-dual gluon from three loop diagram, in which a heavy quark pair
is created and two self-dual gluons are interchanged.
The magnetic mass of the transverse gluon depends on the mass of the pair
created quarks, and in the case of charmed quark pair creation, the magnetic
mass becomes approximately equal to at MeV. A possible time-like magnetic gluon mass
from two self-dual gluon exchange is derived, and corrections in the B-meson
weak decay vertices from the two self-dual gluon exchange are also evaluated.Comment: 22 pages, 9 figure
Properties of the Interstellar Medium and the Propagation of Cosmic Rays in the Galaxy
The problem of the origin of cosmic rays in the shocks produced by supernova
explosions at energies below the so called 'knee' (at ~3*10 GeV) in the
energy spectrum is addressed, with special attention to the propagation of the
particles through the inhomogenious interstellar medium and the need to explain
recent anisotropy results, [1]. It is shown that the fractal character of the
matter density and magnetic field distribution leads to the likelihood of a
substantial increase of spatial fluctuations in the cosmic ray energy spectra.
While the spatial distribution of cosmic rays in the vicinity of their sources
(eg. inside the Galactic disk) does not depend much on the character of
propagation and is largely determined by the distribution of their sources, the
distribution at large distances from the Galactic disk depends strongly on the
character of the propagation. In particular, the fractal character of the ISM
leads to what is known as 'anomalous diffusion' and such diffusion helps us to
understand the formation of Cosmic Ray Halo. Anomalous diffusion allows an
explanation of the recent important result from the Chacaltaya extensive air
shower experiment [1], viz. a Galactic Plane Enhancement of cosmic ray
intensity in the Outer Galaxy, which is otherwise absent for the case of the
so-called 'normal' diffusion. All these effects are for just one reason:
anomalous diffusion emphasizes the role of local phenomena in the formation of
cosmic ray characteristics in our Galaxy and elsewhere.Comment: 18 pages, 5 figures, accepted by Astropartoicle Physic
Path integral duality and Planck scale corrections to the primordial spectrum in exponential inflation
The enormous red-shifting of the modes during the inflationary epoch suggests
that physics at the Planck scale may modify the standard, nearly,
scale-invariant, primordial, density perturbation spectrum. Under the principle
of path-integral duality, the space-time behaves as though it has a minimal
length (which we shall assume to be of the order of the Planck
length), a feature that is expected to arise when the quantum gravitational
effects on the matter fields have been taken into account. Using the method of
path integral duality, in this work, we evaluate the Planck scale corrections
to the spectrum of density perturbations in the case of exponential inflation.
We find that the amplitude of the corrections is of the order of , where and denote the inflationary
and the Planck energy scales, respectively. We also find that the corrections
turn out to be completely independent of scale. We briefly discuss the
implications of our result, and also comment on how it compares with an earlier
result.Comment: 12 pages, 1 figure, RevTex4 forma
The Importance of Time Congruity in the Organisation.
In 1991 Kaufman, Lane, and Lindquist proposed that time congruity in terms of an individual's time preferences and the time use methods of an organisation would lead to satisfactory performance and enhancement of quality of work and general life. The research reported here presents a study which uses commensurate person and job measures of time personality in an organisational setting to assess the effects of time congruity on one aspect of work life, job-related affective well-being. Results show that time personality and time congruity were found to have direct effects on well-being and the influence of time congruity was found to be mediated through time personality, thus contributing to the personâjob (PâJ) fit literature which suggests that direct effects are often more important than indirect effects. The study also provides some practical examples of ways to address some of the previously cited methodological issues in PâJ fit research
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