Perspectives of Sport in a Global World

AbstractSport is increasingly becoming a lifetime companion of man, from kindergarten up to the sport of ninety-year-olds. The dynamics of the job market require mobility, which again weakens the solidity of social networks. Due to this development society has become extremely complex. The author states that we can only temporarily commit ourselves to partial relationships. It is characteristic of those decades to almost obsessively modernise everything that was held to belong to yesterday. Modernisation itself is gaining acceptance primarily through specific developmental processes, of which the author analyses five characteristics: Individualisation, rationalisation, economisation, increasing legalisation and globalisation. In the change of paradigms there will be some key developments that concern the whole world.One can recognise some striking characteristics as indications of problems that could accompany and burden life in sport in the coming years. Ten aspects are highlighted. The author concludes that Sport has come to an arrangement with the mainstream of society. It is on the side of those that follow market logic. It not surprising, however, that critics see it as a driving force for social injustice

Netzgestützte Videofallarbeit. Ein didaktisches Konzept zur Kompetenzentwicklung von Lehrenden

Wie können Lehrende in ihrer Kompetenz zur Gestaltung von Lehr-Lernprozessen gefördert werden? Welche Möglichkeiten und Vorteile eröffnet fallbasiertes Lernen? Und: Was leistet curriculumtheoretische Didaktik? In diesem Beitrag wird das Konzept netzgestützter Videofallarbeit am Beispiel des Online-Fall-Laboratoriums vorgestellt. Es basiert auf realen Fällen aus der Bildungspraxis, die als Videos vorliegen und in eine Internet basierte Lernumgebung eingebunden sind. Mittels Analyse und Diskussion dieser realen, medial dokumentierten Fälle können unterrichtsbezogene, didaktische oder lehr-lerntheoretische Fragestellungen bearbeitet werden. Damit wird fallbasiertes Lernen, das in vielen Berufsfeldern bereits eine zentrale Bedeutung einnimmt, auch für die Erwachsenenbildung zeitlich und örtlich flexibel einsetzbar. Der Beitrag stellt das Konzept der Videofallarbeit in seinen an die curriculumtheoretische Didaktik angelegten Grundzügen vor und berichtet erste allgemeine Befunde zu dessen Erprobung in der Praxis. (DIPF/Orig.

Fast Poisson Noise Removal by Biorthogonal Haar Domain Hypothesis Testing

Methods based on hypothesis tests (HTs) in the Haar domain are widely used to denoise Poisson count data. Facing large datasets or real-time applications, Haar-based denoisers have to use the decimated transform to meet limited-memory or computation-time constraints. Unfortunately, for regular underlying intensities, decimation yields discontinuous estimates and strong "staircase" artifacts. In this paper, we propose to combine the HT framework with the decimated biorthogonal Haar (Bi-Haar) transform instead of the classical Haar. The Bi-Haar filter bank is normalized such that the p-values of Bi-Haar coefficients (pBH) provide good approximation to those of Haar (pH) for high-intensity settings or large scales; for low-intensity settings and small scales, we show that pBH are essentially upper-bounded by pH. Thus, we may apply the Haar-based HTs to Bi-Haar coefficients to control a prefixed false positive rate. By doing so, we benefit from the regular Bi-Haar filter bank to gain a smooth estimate while always maintaining a low computational complexity. A Fisher-approximation-based threshold imple- menting the HTs is also established. The efficiency of this method is illustrated on an example of hyperspectral-source-flux estimation

Inverse Compton scattering on solar photons, heliospheric modulation, and neutrino astrophysics

We study the inverse Compton scattering of solar photons by Galactic cosmic-ray electrons. We show that the gamma-ray emission from this process is substantial with the maximum flux in the direction of the Sun; the angular distribution of the emission is broad. This previously-neglected foreground should be taken into account in studies of the diffuse Galactic and extragalactic gamma-ray emission. Furthermore, observations by GLAST can be used to monitor the heliosphere and determine the electron spectrum as a function of position from distances as large as Saturn's orbit to close proximity of the Sun, thus enabling unique studies of solar modulation. This paves the way for the determination of other Galactic cosmic-ray species, primarily protons, near the solar surface which will lead to accurate predictions of gamma rays from pp-interactions in the solar atmosphere. These albedo gamma rays will be observable by GLAST, allowing the study of deep atmospheric layers, magnetic field(s), and cosmic-ray cascade development. The latter is necessary to calculate the neutrino flux from pp-interactions at higher energies (>1 TeV). Although this flux is small, it is a "guaranteed flux" in contrast to other astrophysical sources of neutrinos, and may be detectable by km^3 neutrino telescopes of the near future, such as IceCube. Since the solar core is opaque for very high-energy neutrinos, directly studying the mass distribution of the solar core may thus be possible.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, emulateapj.cls, final version; published in ApJ Letters, added an erratum; conclusions unchange