The genetic architecture of the human cerebral cortex

The cerebral cortex underlies our complex cognitive capabilities, yet little is known about the specific genetic loci that influence human cortical structure. To identify genetic variants that affect cortical structure, we conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of brain magnetic resonance imaging data from 51,665 individuals. We analyzed the surface area and average thickness of the whole cortex and 34 regions with known functional specializations. We identified 199 significant loci and found significant enrichment for loci influencing total surface area within regulatory elements that are active during prenatal cortical development, supporting the radial unit hypothesis. Loci that affect regional surface area cluster near genes in Wnt signaling pathways, which influence progenitor expansion and areal identity. Variation in cortical structure is genetically correlated with cognitive function, Parkinson's disease, insomnia, depression, neuroticism, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Two new owls from Bolivia

Volume: 60Start Page: 95End Page: 9

Two new birds from tropical America

Volume: 56Start Page: 47End Page: 4

A new warbler from the Bahama Islands

Volume: 22Start Page: 171End Page: 17

A revision of the wood-warbler genus Basileuterus and its allies

Volume: 74Start Page: 1End Page: 9

The pigeons of the Columba plumbea group

Volume: 50Start Page: 185End Page: 19

Critical remarks on the toucans

Volume: 56Start Page: 153End Page: 16

Critical notes on the Cracidae

Volume: 45Start Page: 209End Page: 21

Studies in the Tyrannidae. 11.The restricted genus Myiobius

Volume: 35Start Page: 17End Page: 3