Cis and trans radicals generated in helical poly(propargyl acetate)s prepared using a [Rh(norbornadiene)Cl]2 catalyst

The poly(propargyl acetate) (A) having a helical cis–transoid structure was stereospecifically prepared using the Rh complex catalyst, [Rh(norbornadiene)Cl]2, in MeOH or NEt3 solvent at 0 and 40 °C in moderate yield. Electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis of the polymer revealed the formation of the cis (B) and trans (C) radicals which were produced through the thermal rotational scission of the helical cis CC bonds in the main-chain during the polymerization. The spatial and geometrical structure was successfully deduced using the two analogues’ polymers in which either methyl or methylene group is deuterated, by the aide of computer simulation of the observed ESR spectra together with the calculation of spin density of the two radicals

Energy applications of ionic liquids

Ionic liquids offer a unique suite of properties that make them important candidates for a number of energy related applications. Cation–anion combinations that exhibit low volatility coupled with high electrochemical and thermal stability, as well as ionic conductivity, create the possibility of designing ideal electrolytes for batteries, super-capacitors, actuators, dye sensitised solar cells and thermoelectrochemical cells. In the field of water splitting to produce hydrogen they have been used to synthesize some of the best performing water oxidation catalysts and some members of the protic ionic liquid family co-catalyse an unusual, very high energy efficiency water oxidation process. As fuel cell electrolytes, the high proton conductivity of some of the protic ionic liquid family offers the potential of fuel cells operating in the optimum temperature region above 100 °C. Beyond electrochemical applications, the low vapour pressure of these liquids, along with their ability to offer tuneable functionality, also makes them ideal as CO2 absorbents for post-combustion CO2 capture. Similarly, the tuneable phase properties of the many members of this large family of salts are also allowing the creation of phase-change thermal energy storage materials having melting points tuned to the application. This perspective article provides an overview of these developing energy related applications of ionic liquids and offers some thoughts on the emerging challenges and opportunities

Recent Results from LHD Experiment with Emphasis on Relation to Theory from Experimentalist’s View

he Large Helical Device (LHD) has been extending an operational regime of net-current free plasmas towardsthe fusion relevant condition with taking advantage of a net current-free heliotron concept and employing a superconducting coil system. Heating capability has exceeded 10 MW and the central ion and electron temperatureshave reached 7 and 10 keV, respectively. The maximum value of β and pulse length have been extended to 3.2% and 150 s, respectively. Many encouraging physical findings have been obtained. Topics from recent experiments, which should be emphasized from the aspect of theoretical approaches, are reviewed. Those are (1) Prominent features in the inward shifted configuration, i.e., mitigation of an ideal interchange mode in the configuration with magnetic hill, and confinement improvement due to suppression of both anomalous and neoclassical transport, (2) Demonstration ofbifurcation of radial electric field and associated formation of an internal transport barrier, and (3) Dynamics of magnetic islands and clarification of the role of separatrix

Risk factors for venous irritation in patients receiving vinorelbine: a retrospective study

Abstract Background Vinorelbine is known to be effective in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer and breast cancer. However, venous irritation is a common side effect. Although there have been some reports on risk factors for venous irritation in patients receiving vinorelbine, the factors evaluated have been limited and the results inconclusive. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for venous irritation in patients receiving vinorelbine, and factors likely associated with venous irritation, including new factors such as hot compress with a hot towel  for prevention of venous irritation. Methods We retrospectively reviewed patients treated with vinorelbine at Kyorin University Hospital, Japan, between March 2013 and December 2016 and divided them into the two groups according to whether or not they had venous irritation. Clinical characteristics were compared between the two groups. Results Venous irritation occurred in 24 (38.1%) of 63 patients who received vinorelbine. The median number of times vinorelbine was administered before onset of venous irritation was 3 (range 1–14). The group with venous irritation had a significantly lower body surface area than the group without venous irritation (p = 0.035). Low body surface area was also the only significant risk factor for vinorelbine-associated venous irritation in multivariate analysis (adjusted odds ratio 70.42 per 1 m2decrement, 95% confidence interval 1.54–3236.25, p = 0.029). There was no association between the occurrence of venous irritation and the other covariates, such as use of a hot compress, history of diabetes mellitus, or use of a generic formulation of vinorelbine. Conclusion Low body surface area may be a risk factor for venous irritation in patients receiving vinorelbine. Use of hot compress with a hot towel did not prevent venous irritation

Investigation of the Neuropathic Pain Caused by Syringomyelia Associated with Chiari I Malformation

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Purpose: To investigate the correlation between the syrinx morphology and neuropathic pain caused by syringomyelia associated with Chiari I malformation. Overview of Literature: Neuropathic pain caused by syringomyelia is refractory and markedly impairs the patient. Methods: We examined 24 patients with neuropathic pain caused by syringomyelia associated with Chiari I malformation. We statistically analyzed the illness duration and age at surgery between patients with and without neuropathic pain. Additionally, we classified the morphology of the syringes into deviated (D), enlarged (E), central (C), and bulkhead (B) types using T2-weighted axial imaging. Moreover, we investigated the correlation between syrinx morphology and neuropathic pain. A Mann-Whitney U-test was performed to compare between the presence or absence of neuropathic pain and the presence or absence of type D syringes. Results: The median age at surgery was 27.5 years, and the median illness duration was 24 months. Among the 24 patients, 11 had preoperative neuropathic pain, one of which was free of neuropathic pain during the final follow-up period. Among patients with neuropathic pain, the syringes' preoperative morphology was type D in nine patients and types E and C in one patient each. No patient exhibited type B morphology. Among patients without neuropathic pain, the preoperative morphology of the syringes was type D in three patients, type E in seven patients, and types C and B in two patients each. For types D and E, a correlation between neuropathic pain and syrinx morphology was observed. Moreover, type D was associated with significant neuropathic pain in both preoperative and postoperative states. Conclusions: This study showed a correlation between the morphological features of the syringes and the occurrence of neuropathic pain in patients with syringomyelia associated with Chiari I malformation

Construct and Use Information-Intensive System(Radiation/Particle Therapy Database) by Using HL7 messages

Purpose: Purpose of this system simplifies to manage information on radiation therapy for a long term consistently, case report, and extraction of treatment results number. Electronic Medical Record system(CPOE/EMR) was replaced from a past CPOE system in October, 2006. Patients\u27 case history and passage information are entered to CPOE/EMR. This time, EMR and AMIDAS were made to cooperate and it achieved new function to store information of Patient, radiation/particle therapy treatment, and follow-up automatically from CPOE/EMR to AMIDAS. Furthermore, report that we developed a new web-based aggregate analysis system to manage radiation/particle therapy data stored in AMIDAS.National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS) is a hospital located in Chiba and a single radiation department which has 100 beds and 200 outpatients daily. The diagnosis specialized in the radiation/particle therapy. In 1961, radiation therapy by X rays was begun at NIRS. In addition, particle therapy(carbon ion) was begun in 1994, and about 6,100 examples were treated by December, 2010. NIRS is a research institute, so disease information on radiation therapy, content of treatment, and information on prognosis are important information for a clinical research. History of radiation/particle therapy database system (AMIDAS: Advanced Medical Information Database System) was constructed in 1999, and operation was begun in 2000. As of December, 2010, approximately 30,000 radiation therapy data (X-ray + Particle therapy) are stored in AMIDAS.Methods: HL7 was used for communicate CPOE/EMR and AMIDAS. The firefox web browser was used for AMIDAS user-interface. AMIDAS achieved following three functions. 1) Function to complement details for treatment information which is not inputted by CPOE/EMR. 2) Function to support report writer of heavy particle therapy executed twice a year. 3) Function to display calculated survival rate image by doctors\u27 interested grouping method. Kaplan-Meier method is adopted for computational method of survival rate curve. Numerical result was displayed on a browser as an image, it enabled to use it for secondary use. In addition, the significant difference authorization function by grouping that user had freely specified was added.4) It is necessary to conduct a certain convalescence investigation to report the data such as a relapse rate and the survival rate precisely. AMIDAS stores away follow-up information spent by an CPOE/EMR using HL7 message in real time. Furthermore, we realize a function to generate a patient list (patient\u27s name, patient\u27s address, telephone, e-mail , reference doctors, institute name, etc.) for follow-up work to carry out regularly.Results: The user becomes unnecessary the dual input of data by making EMR and AMIDAS cooperate, and an efficiency improvement of work and the accuracy improvement of data were able to be achieved. Moreover, AMIDAS improved user\u27s convenience, flexibility and able to extract at high speed for the aggregate of treatment data, making patient list, and authorization between groups(analysis between classification of stages and TNM classification value) for users\u27 interested points and different disease sites.Conclusion:User dependant modification for CPOE/EMR to improvement / extraction function is highly challenge in JAPAN. AMIDAS is very useful for user, because this system can provide reuse of case data.CARS2011 ( 25rd International Congress and Exhibition