Sidik Cepat Isolat-Isolat Bakteri Patogenik TerhadaP Spodoptera litura (Fab.), Helicoverpa armigera (Hub.) Dan Plutella xylostella (L.)

Intisari: Beberapa isolat yang mempunyai kemampuan membunuh serangga hama sasaran Spodoptera litura (Fab.) (BNT 7, KP8, dan KLPR2), Helicoverpa armigera (Hub.) (PNG9, G6, dan PNG10) dan Plutella xybstella (L.) (KLPR1, SML 7, dan KLPR4) dipilih sebagai isolat yang paling unggul dan selanjutnya diidentifikasi pada aras molekuler dengan menggunakan pelacak DNA Teknar (Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis) dan Dipel (Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaM). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa BNT 7 dan KP8 berkerabat sangat erat dengan B. thuringiensis var. israelensis, sedang PNG 9, G6, PNG 10, KLPR 1 dan SLM 7 kekerabatannya sangat erat dengan Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaM. Hal ini didasar-kan atas besamya nilai prosentase homologi DNA-DNA antara pelacak DNA dengan DNA isolat, yang besarnya lebih dari 70 %, dengan perkataan lain, isolat tersebut berhasil diidentifikasi sebagai B. thuringiensis var. israelensis dan B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki. Adapun isolat KLPR1 dan KLPR4 tidak dapat diidentifikasi ke dalam dua pelacak di atas karena nilai homologinya sangat rendah. Kata kunci:sidik cepat, bakteri patogenikSpodoptera litura (Fab.), Helicoverpa armigera (Hub.), Plutella xylostella (L.

An Analysis on the Students’ Mastery in Using Preposition in, on, at

The purpose of this research to analyze of students’ mastery in using preposition (in, on and at) and also concerned the problems faced for students’ mastery on using preposition (in, on and at). This research used qualitative research. The writer chose the Eleventh Grade students of SMKN 1 Bangkinang kota. The respondents are 36 students. Based on the result of the test, the writer conclude that the profile of students’ mastery such as: 3 students out of 36 students the level of preposition mastery is “good” and the percentage is 8,3%, 11 students or out of 36 students is “enough” and the percentage 30,5%, 21 students or out of 36 students is “poor” and the percentage is 58,3%, and 1 students or out of 36 students is “Failed” and the percentage is 2,7%”. The problems faced of students’ mastery are: the students confused to answer the question on using preposition (in, on, and at). They do not understand the differences of each preposition. Because it has similar meaning. Which explain the time and place. Students are less concerned when they to use in, on or at because they think it is less attention when talking directly.  The problem that is caused by the language transfer. In contrary, this study concern with that rules. And they usually used generalization or ordinary usage without saw the context of sentence

Pengembangan Potensi Masyarakat Kampung Perawang Barat dan Analisis UMKM Industri Rumah Tahu Pak Tomo

Program Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) dirancang sebagai upaya untuk mengintegrasikan teori akademis dengan pengalaman praktis mahasiswa di lapangan. Program ini tidak hanya memungkinkan mahasiswa mengaplikasikan pengetahuan mereka dalam kehidupan nyata, tetapi juga membantu mereka mengembangkan keterampilan praktis seperti komunikasi, pemecahan masalah, dan kepemimpinan. Salah satu contoh lokasi KKN adalah Kampung Perawang Barat, yang mayoritas penduduknya adalah petani dan karyawan swasta, serta aktif dalam pengembangan UMKM. Namun, pelaku UMKM di desa ini menghadapi berbagai kendala seperti kurangnya pengetahuan mengenai branding, pemasaran digital, inovasi produk, dan legalitas produk. Dalam menghadapi persaingan pasar yang semakin ketat, pelaku UMKM perlu mencari solusi baru dan melakukan evaluasi terhadap strategi bisnis mereka. Oleh karena itu, tim Mahasiswa KKN MBKM Universitas Riau merencanakan program kerja yang melibatkan penyuluhan dan analisis terhadap UMKM Industri Rumah Tahu Pak Tomo di Kampung Perawang Barat, mencakup aspek keuangan, sumber daya manusia, dan pemasaran. Dengan demikian, program KKN memberikan manfaat ganda bagi mahasiswa dan masyarakat lokal

The role of the C8 proton of ATP in the regulation of phosphoryl transfer within kinases and synthetases.

The kinome comprises functionally diverse enzymes, with the current classification indicating very little about the extent of conserved regulatory mechanisms associated with phosphoryl transfer. The apparent Km of the kinases ranges from less than 0.4 μM to in excess of 1000 μM for ATP. It is not known how this diverse range of enzymes mechanistically achieves the regulation of catalysis via an affinity range for ATP varying by three-orders of magnitude. Results: We have demonstrated a previously undiscovered mechanism in kinase and synthetase enzymes where the overall rate of reaction is regulated via the C8-H of ATP. Using ATP deuterated at the C8 position (C8D-ATP) as a molecular probe it was shown that the C8-H plays a direct role in the regulation of the overall rate of reaction in a range of kinase and synthetase enzymes. Using comparative studies on the effect of the concentration of ATP and C8D-ATP on the activity of the enzymes we demonstrated that not only did C8D-ATP give a kinetic isotope effect (KIE) but the KIE's obtained are clearly not secondary KIE effects as the magnitude of the KIE in all cases was at least 2 fold and in most cases in excess of 7 fold. Conclusions:Kinase and synthetase enzymes utilise C8D-ATP in preference to non-deuterated ATP. The KIE obtained at low ATP concentrations is clearly a primary KIE demonstrating strong evidence that the bond to the isotopically substituted hydrogen is being broken. The effect of the ATP concentration profile on the KIE was used to develop a model whereby the C8H of ATP plays a role in the overall regulation of phosphoryl transfer. This role of the C8H of ATP in the regulation of substrate binding appears to have been conserved in all kinase and as one of the mechanisms associated with binding of ATP. The induction of the C8H to be labile by active site residues coordinated to the ATP purine ring may play a significant role in explaining the broad range of Km associated with kinase enzymes

Extinction risk and diversification are linked in a plant biodiversity hotspot

It is widely recognized that we are entering an extinction event on a scale approaching the mass extinctions seen in the fossil record. Present-day rates of extinction are estimated to be several orders of magnitude greater than background rates and are projected to increase further if current trends continue. In vertebrates, species traits, such as body size, fecundity, and geographic range, are important predictors of vulnerability. Although plants are the basis for life on Earth, our knowledge of plant extinctions and vulnerabilities is lagging. Here, we disentangle the underlying drivers of extinction risk in plants, focusing on the Cape of South Africa, a global biodiversity hotspot. By comparing Red List data for the British and South African floras, we demonstrate that the taxonomic distribution of extinction risk differs significantly between regions, inconsistent with a simple, trait-based model of extinction. Using a comprehensive phylogenetic tree for the Cape, we reveal a phylogenetic signal in the distribution of plant extinction risks but show that the most threatened species cluster within short branches at the tips of the phylogeny—opposite to trends in mammals. From analyzing the distribution of threatened species across 11 exemplar clades, we suggest that mode of speciation best explains the unusual phylogenetic structure of extinction risks in plants of the Cape. Our results demonstrate that explanations for elevated extinction risk in plants of the Cape flora differ dramatically from those recognized for vertebrates. In the Cape, extinction risk is higher for young and fast-evolving plant lineages and cannot be explained by correlations with simple biological traits. Critically, we find that the most vulnerable plant species are nonetheless marching towards extinction at a more rapid pace but, surprisingly, independently from anthropogenic effects. Our results have important implications for conservation priorities and cast doubts on the utility of current Red List criteria for plants in regions such as the Cape, where speciation has been rapid, if our aim is to maximize the preservation of the tree-of-life

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Analysis Of Curcumin And Its Derivatives As GST Inhibitors Based On Computational Chemistry Calculation = Analisis Hubungan Kuantitatif Struktur-Aktivitas Kurkumin dan...

ABSTRACT The Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) study was established on curcumin and its derivatives as glutathione S-transferase(s) (GSTs) inhibitors using atomic net charges as the descriptors. The charges were resulted by semiempirical AM1 and PM3 quantum-chemical calculations using computational chemistry approach. The inhibition activity was expressed as the concentration that gave 50% inhibition of GSTs activity (IC50). The selection of the best QSAR equation models was determined by multiple linear regression analysis. This research was related to the nature of GSTs as multifunctional enzymes, which play an important role in the detoxification of electrophilic compounds, the process of inflammation and the effectivity of anticancer compounds. The result showed that AM1 semiempirical method gave better descriptor for the construction of QSAR equation model than PM3 did. The best QSAR equation model was described by : log 1/1050= -2,238 â 17,326 qC2⢠+ 1,876 gar + 9,200 qCs⢠The equation was significant at 95% level with statistical parameters : n = 10, m = 3, r = 0,839, SE = 0,254, F = 4,764, F/Frable = 1,001. Keywords: QSAR analysis, curcumin, glutathione S-transferase(s) (GSTs), atomic net charg

Comparison of Interpretation Between CPT and Res-2d Methods for Geostratigraphic Profiling Determination of Kota Depok

In its simplest application, the cone penetrometer offers a quick, expedient, and economical way to profiling a subsurface soil layering at a particular site. No drilling, soil samples, or spoils are generated, therefore, cone penetration test CPT is less disruptive from an environmental standpoint. The continuous nature of CPT reading permits clear delineations of various soil strata, their depths, thicknesses, and extent, perhaps better than conventional rotary drilling operations that use a standard drive sampler at 5-ft vertical intervals. The cone penetrometer is instrumented with load cells to measure point stress and friction during a constant rate of advancement. The results can be interpreted within different theoretical frameworks or by using empirical methods, or both. RES-2D (resistivity – two dimension) completed by Geoscanner devices is applicable to interpret the soil profiling from soil exploration works. Generally, the geoscanner is used to assess the geological subsurface condition for mining works. This paper is addressed to compare the results for soil classification in Kota Depok, West Java using a cone penetration test and RES-2D. From both methods, the result of soil strata shows the soft soil in study area can be classified as clay layers from ground surface to the depth of 15.0 m. However, the CPT is less applicable to measure exactly the elevation of ground water table than RES-2D. In addition, RES-2D is also less applicable to predict the soil properties of the soil type than CPT. In general application, both devices can be applied to soil investigation for geotechnical works.