Productivity and chemical composition of food-type soybeans sown on different dates.

ABSTRACT. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different sowing dates on the yield, 100-grain weight, oil, protein and isoflavone contents of food-type soybean breeding lines UEL 110, UEL 115 and UEL 123 and a cultivar BRS 257. The materials were seeded on four sowing dates, and the experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with four replications. The productivity and 100-grain weight varied with the sowing dates and soybean genotypes. The protein content ranged from 36.40 to 42.44%, and the oil content ranged from 18.29 to 22.71%. No significant interaction was found between the genotype and sowing dates for the protein content. The isoflavone content also varied with the sowing dates and soybean genotypes. The cultivar BRS 257 had the highest isoflavone content, including the β- glucoside, malonyl glucoside and aglycones forms. The different sowing dates influenced the productivity, 100-grain weight, oil and protein content and isoflavone levels. Higher temperatures and lower rainfall during the grain filling decreased the productivity and isoflavone content and increased the protein content. For all sowing dates, the BRS 257 soybean food-type cultivar showed the highest isoflavone content, indicating that the effect of genotype is more important. Keywords: soybean, oil, protein, isoflavones. RESUMO. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o efeito das diferentes épocas de semeadura na produtividade, massa de 100 grãos, teor de proteínas, óleo e isoflavonas de linhagens de soja tipo alimento UEL 110, UEL 115 e UEL 123 e cultivar BRS 257. O material foi semeado em quatro épocas de semeadura e o experimento foi conduzido em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. A produtividade e a massa de 100 grãos variaram com a época de semeadura e com os diferentes genótipos. O teor de proteínas variou de 36,40 a 42,44% e o de óleo de 18,29 a 22,71%. Não foi encontrada interação entre genótipo e épocas de semeadura para o teor de proteínas. O teor de isoflavonas variou com as épocas de semeadura e com os genótipos. A cultivar BRS 257 apresentou maior teor de β-glicosídeos, malonil-glicosídeos e agliconas. As diferentes épocas de semeadura influenciam a produtividade, massa de 100 grãos, conteúdo de óleo, proteínas e isoflavonas. Altas temperaturas e baixas precipitações durante o enchimento dos grãos reduzem a produtividade e teor de isoflavonas e aumentam o teor de proteínas. A cultivar BRS 257 apresenta o maior teor de isoflavonas indicando que o efeito genético é mais importante

Efferent Pathways in Sodium Overload-Induced Renal Vasodilation in Rats

Hypernatremia stimulates the secretion of oxytocin (OT), but the physiological role of OT remains unclear. the present study sought to determine the involvement of OT and renal nerves in the renal responses to an intravenous infusion of hypertonic saline. Male Wistar rats (280-350 g) were anesthetized with sodium thiopental (40 mg. kg(-1), i.v.). A bladder cannula was implanted for collection of urine. Animals were also instrumented for measurement of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and renal blood flow (RBF). Renal vascular conductance (RVC) was calculated as the ratio of RBF by MAP. in anesthetized rats (n = 6), OT infusion (0.03 mu g . kg(-1), i.v.) induced renal vasodilation. Consistent with this result, ex vivo experiments demonstrated that OT caused renal artery relaxation. Blockade of OT receptors (OXTR) reduced these responses to OT, indicating a direct effect of this peptide on OXTR on this artery. Hypertonic saline (3 M NaCl, 1.8 ml . kg(-1) b.wt., i.v.) was infused over 60 s. in sham rats (n = 6), hypertonic saline induced renal vasodilation. the OXTR antagonist (AT; atosiban, 40 mu g . kg(-1) . h(-1), i.v.; n = 7) and renal denervation (RX) reduced the renal vasodilation induced by hypernatremia. the combination of atosiban and renal denervation (RX+AT; n = 7) completely abolished the renal vasodilation induced by sodium overload. Intact rats excreted 51% of the injected sodium within 90 min. Natriuresis was slightly blunted by atosiban and renal denervation (42% and 39% of load, respectively), whereas atosiban with renal denervation reduced sodium excretion to 16% of the load. These results suggest that OT and renal nerves are involved in renal vasodilation and natriuresis induced by acute plasma hypernatremia.Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Goias (FAPEG)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Univ Fed Goias, Ctr Neurosci & Cardiovasc Physiol, Inst Biol Sci, Dept Physiol Sci, Goiania, Go, BrazilUniv Fed Uberlandia, Fac Phys Educ, Inst Biol Sci, BR-38400 Uberlandia, MG, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Physiol, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Goias, Inst Biol Sci, Mol Biol Lab, Goiania, Go, BrazilUniv Fed Goias, Inst Biol Sci, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Goiania, Go, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Physiol, São Paulo, BrazilFundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Goias (FAPEG): 2012/0055431086Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Goias (FAPEG): 2009/10267000352CNPq: 477832/2010-5CNPq: 483411/2012-4Web of Scienc

A2 Noradrenergic Lesions Prevent Renal Sympathoinhibition Induced by Hypernatremia in Rats

Renal vasodilation and sympathoinhibition are recognized responses induced by hypernatremia, but the central neural pathways underlying such responses are not yet entirely understood. Several findings suggest that A2 noradrenergic neurons, which are found in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), play a role in the pathways that contribute to body fluid homeostasis and cardiovascular regulation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of selective lesions of A2 neurons on the renal vasodilation and sympathoinhibition induced by hypertonic saline (HS) infusion. Male Wistar rats (280–350 g) received an injection into the NTS of anti-dopamine-beta-hydroxylase-saporin (A2 lesion; 6.3 ng in 60 nl; n = 6) or free saporin (sham; 1.3 ng in 60 nl; n = 7). Two weeks later, the rats were anesthetized (urethane 1.2 g⋅kg−1 b.wt., i.v.) and the blood pressure, renal blood flow (RBF), renal vascular conductance (RVC) and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) were recorded. In sham rats, the HS infusion (3 M NaCl, 1.8 ml⋅kg−1 b.wt., i.v.) induced transient hypertension (peak at 10 min after HS; 9±2.7 mmHg) and increases in the RBF and RVC (141±7.9% and 140±7.9% of baseline at 60 min after HS, respectively). HS infusion also decreased the RSNA (−45±5.0% at 10 min after HS) throughout the experimental period. In the A2-lesioned rats, the HS infusion induced transient hypertension (6±1.4 mmHg at 10 min after HS), as well as increased RBF and RVC (133±5.2% and 134±6.9% of baseline at 60 min after HS, respectively). However, in these rats, the HS failed to reduce the RSNA (115±3.1% at 10 min after HS). The extent of the catecholaminergic lesions was confirmed by immunocytochemistry. These results suggest that A2 noradrenergic neurons are components of the neural pathways regulating the composition of the extracellular fluid compartment and are selectively involved in hypernatremia-induced sympathoinhibition

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

GENETIC DISSIMILARITY AMONG GENOTYPES OF SNAP BEANS BASED ON YIELD AND PRODUCTION COMPONENTS

INTRODUCTION: The snap bean belong to the same botanical Family and species of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), however is classified as a vegetable because its immature pods with tenuous grains are the consumed part, thus is essential the obtaining of genotypes that ally high yields and great pod quality. An alternative, which has been used to direct new improvement programs, is the study of genetic dissimilarity (Freiria et al., 2016). The aim of this study is to evaluate the genetic dissimilarity of tem snap beans genotypes based on yield and production components, with the intent to identify the most promising crosses. MATARIAL & METHODS: The rehearsal was conducted at Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), located in latitude of 23º19’41.00” S, longitude of 51º12’18.19” W and altitude of 590 meters (Londrina, Parana state, Brazil). The design was completely randomized blocks with three repetitions, being each treatment composed by the tem genotypes of snap beans: Feltrin Vicenza Amarelo Baixo, UEL 1, UEL 2, T1, T3, T13, T24, T25, T39 and T41. Each parcel was composed by four lines (4m length) with a spacing of 0.50m between lines and were considered as borders the two external and 0.50m from the extremities of the central lines. The seedling was in March 18th 2016 and the harvest realized in June 10th of the same year (fall/winter cultivation). Were measured the characteristics: Yield of pods (kg ha-1), unitary pod´s fresh mass (g), number of pods per plant, pods diameter (mm) and length of pods (cm). For the dissimilarity analysis, the Mahalanobis generalized distance was estimated and was proceeded the cluster of UPGMA. The relative contribution of the characters was estimated based on Singh (1981). Also was made the main compounds analysis

CORRELATIONS AND PATH ANALYSIS UNDER MULTICOLINEARITY IN THE ASSOCIATION OF VEGETATIVE CHARACTERISTICS WITH THE YIELD OF SNAP BEANS

INTRODUCTION: The comprehension of the plant vegetative attributes in the yield is of a fundamental importance to the management, as well as to the genetic improvement. The main tool used in this study are the estimation of correlations, however, because they do not provide the relative importance of the direct and indirect influence of other characters in the yield, they do not determine the cause effect relation among them (Furtado et al., 2002). The best comprehension of the evolved causes in this association can be obtained by the path analysis. On the other hand, multicolinearity conditions could produce inconsistent values or with any congruence with the biological phenomenon studied (Moreira et al., 2013). With the intention to study strategies to contour this effect it was aimed to evaluate different methods to sidetrack the multicolinearity, as well as study the simple correlation among the studied characters. MATERIAL & METHODS: The experiment was conducted in the city of Londrina, Parana state, Brazil (23º19’41.00”S, 51º12’18.19”W and altitude 590m), in the period of March 18th until June 10th of 2016, in field conditions. Were evaluated three cultivars (Feltrin Vicenza Amarelo Baixo, UEL 1 e UEL 2) and seven accesses of snap beans from the germplasm bank of State University of Londrina (T1, T3, T13, T24, T25, T39 and T41). The evaluations were divided at the development stages R1 (plant´s height, total dry mass, foliar area, specific leaf area index and leaves dry mass) and R7 (plant´s height, total dry mass and yield of pods). Were estimated the Pearson correlations and path analysis, in which the yield of pods was considered the basic variable and the other characters were considered the explicative variables. In conditions of high multicollinearity (Cruz; Carneiro, 2003) were proceeded the disposal of variables of high interrelation, as well as the crest path analysis

Biogeography and conservation of viperids from North-West Africa : an application of ecological niche-based models and GIS

North-West Africa is an outstanding region to study biogeographic patterns in biodiversity distribution. This study identifies biogeographic affinities and areas of probable occurrence for seven viperid snakes through the combination of high resolution presence data and environmental factors. Vipers exhibited distinct biogeographical affinities: Bitis arietans was mostly found along savannahs, Echis leucogaster along the Sahel/savannahs, Cerastes cerastes and C vipera throughout most desertic areas, Daboia mauritanica in coastal and hilly regions and Vipera latastei and V. monticola in almost only mountains. Suitable habitats were predicted for B. arietans in southern Senegal and Mali, and coastal southern Morocco, for E. leucogaster in southern Mauritania, Senegal, Mali, and fragmented habitats in Saharan mountains and south-western Morocco, for C. cerastes from the Atlantic coast to northern Algeria, for C. vipera in the central region, for D. mauritanica in northern-western Morocco and northern Algeria, for V. latastei in the Rif, Middle Atlas and coastal Morocco, and for V monticola in the High Atlas. In potential sympatric areas, competition is probably limiting distribution, resulting in parapatric ranges. Northern Saharan populations of B. arietans and E. leucogaster are isolated. Saharan mountains and coastal southwestern Morocco constitute isolated suitable areas for sub-Saharan relicts

INOCULATION AND LEAF FERTILIZATION OF MOLYBDENUM AND COBALT ON SNAP BEAN YIELD

INTRODUCTION: The snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a vegetable consumed around the world. The physiological and morphological quality of pods are important characteristics for determinate the commercial pattern, so techniques must to be used for increase the production of pods. Inoculation and application of nutrients on the leaves are management practices with great response and low cost. The aim of this work was to evaluate the seed inoculation with Rhizobium tropici strains and the leaf application of molybdenum and cobalt on the yield of snap bean genotypes with determinate growth pattern. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The experiment was conduct in a greenhouse and was used the genotype UEL 2. The experimental design was complete randomized with four replications, resulting in a 2 vs. 4 factorial (2- with or without inoculation; 4- doses of commercial product) . The seeds were inoculated with a mix of Rhizobium tropici strains (SEMIA 4077, SEMIA 4080 and SEMIA 4088) following the method of Furlan et al. (2016) and the doses used were 0, 50, 100 and 150% of the ML71 recommended dose (mix of molybdenum and cobalt). Were evaluated number of pods per plant, fresh mass of pods and potential yield of snap bean culture. The data was submitted to analysis of variance and the averages were compared by the Tukey test (p\u3c0.05) and adjusted by polynomial regression equations

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY IN RELATION TO THE SIZE OF POD IN DIFFERENT SNAP BEAN GENOTYPES

INTRODUCTION: The snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a legume that is widely consumed on the world scenario due to its biochemical composition and nutritional quality (Furlan et al., 2016). Besides the nutritional compounds, the snap bean presents antioxidants properties, inhibiting or retarding the oxidative damage, which avoids the propagation of oxidative reactions and can prevent diseases caused by free radicals. (Silva et al., 2009). The aim of this study was to evaluated the interaction between the antioxidant activity and pod size of several snap bean genotypes cultivated in the sowing season spring/summer and autumn/winter. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The experiment was conducted in an organic system with protected cultivation in the municipality of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. The study was conducted in a completely randomized design, in a factorial scheme (8 vs. 2), with four replications, being eigth snap bean genotypes with indeterminate growth pattern (Teresópolis Ag 481, HAV 69, HAV 41, Preferido Ag 482, Macarrão Brasília, Trepador Top Seed, HT 30 e Favorito Ag 480) and tow sowing season: spring/summer of 2014 and autumn/winter of 2015. Each experimental plot was composed by 10 plants spaced at 0.20 m in the line and 1.00 m between lines. Samples of pods were collected from each treatment, being measured: the average pod mass, length and diameter of pods - measured in 10 pods per plant; And antioxidant activity (RUFINO et al., 2007). The data were submitted to analysis of variance by the F test (p \u3c0.05) and compared by the principal component analysis (PCA), using software R (R, 2012)