Transmisión de Salmonella enterica a través de huevos de gallina y su importancia en salud pública

RESUMEN La salmonelosis producida por especies de Salmonella sp no tíficas, se manifiesta en humanos como una gastroenteritis o enterocolitis aguda de inicio repentino, cuyos síntomas aparecen de 6 a 48 horas después de la ingestión de alimentos o agua contaminada. Salmonella se transmite principalmente por el consumo de productos avícolas contaminados o por contaminación cruzada a través de manipuladores de alimentos o utensilios de cocina. La presente revisión se fundamenta en la interacción de Salmonella con el sistema reproductivo de la gallina y trata importantes aspectos como las formas de trasmisión al huevo, la epidemiología y prevención de este evento. Lo anterior con el fin de destacar la importancia de este patógeno en la generación de enfermedades trasmitidas por alimentos y el impacto que tiene el control de puntos críticos en la cadena de producción de los huevos y la vigilancia epidemiológica como mecanismos de control. Salud UIS 2011; 43 (2): 167-177 Palabras clave: Infecciones por Salmonella, huevos, enfermedades transmitidas por los alimentos, salud pública   ABSTRACT Salmonellosis caused by non-typhoidal Salmonella species manifests in human like an acute gastroenteritis or enterocolitis that suddenly happens, whose symptoms occur between 6 to 48 hours after ingestion of contaminated food or water. Salmonella is mainly transmitted through consumption of contaminated poultry products, or crossed contamination by food handlers or kitchen utensils. This review is based on the interaction of Salmonella with the hen’s reproductive system and presents important aspects such as the routes of transmission to the egg, epidemiology and prevention of this event. This in order to highlight the importance of this pathogen like source of foodborne diseases and the impact of the critical control points in the eggs production and epidemiological surveillance like control mechanisms. Salud UIS 2011; 43 (2): 167-177 Keywords: Salmonella Infections, eggs, foodborne diseases, public healt

Transmisión de Salmonella enterica a través de huevos de gallina y su importancia en salud pública

RESUMEN La salmonelosis producida por especies de Salmonella sp no tíficas, se manifiesta en humanos como una gastroenteritis o enterocolitis aguda de inicio repentino, cuyos síntomas aparecen de 6 a 48 horas después de la ingestión de alimentos o agua contaminada. Salmonella se transmite principalmente por el consumo de productos avícolas contaminados o por contaminación cruzada a través de manipuladores de alimentos o utensilios de cocina. La presente revisión se fundamenta en la interacción de Salmonella con el sistema reproductivo de la gallina y trata importantes aspectos como las formas de trasmisión al huevo, la epidemiología y prevención de este evento. Lo anterior con el fin de destacar la importancia de este patógeno en la generación de enfermedades trasmitidas por alimentos y el impacto que tiene el control de puntos críticos en la cadena de producción de los huevos y la vigilancia epidemiológica como mecanismos de control. Salud UIS 2011; 43 (2): 167-177 Palabras clave: Infecciones por Salmonella, huevos, enfermedades transmitidas por los alimentos, salud pública   ABSTRACT Salmonellosis caused by non-typhoidal Salmonella species manifests in human like an acute gastroenteritis or enterocolitis that suddenly happens, whose symptoms occur between 6 to 48 hours after ingestion of contaminated food or water. Salmonella is mainly transmitted through consumption of contaminated poultry products, or crossed contamination by food handlers or kitchen utensils. This review is based on the interaction of Salmonella with the hen’s reproductive system and presents important aspects such as the routes of transmission to the egg, epidemiology and prevention of this event. This in order to highlight the importance of this pathogen like source of foodborne diseases and the impact of the critical control points in the eggs production and epidemiological surveillance like control mechanisms. Salud UIS 2011; 43 (2): 167-177 Keywords: Salmonella Infections, eggs, foodborne diseases, public healt

La narrativa como herramienta para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia.

En el presente trabajo se toman como herramientas, la imagen y la narrativa para el análisis y abordaje de temas de violencia a partir de diferentes relatos, en este caso en particular, tomamos el relato de José Ignacio Medina (relato No 4), en donde se muestra la cruda realidad a la cual se ven enfrentados los campesinos. A partir de este, realizamos un ejercicio de análisis para el abordaje de subjetividades inmersas en contextos de violencia enmarcada por enormes consecuencias a nivel económico, social y político. Para el proceso argumentativo, se desarrollan preguntas orientadoras que nos ayudan a socializar y a retroalimentar las problemáticas encontradas. Posteriormente se presenta el análisis del caso “Cacarica” el cual refleja la situación de una comunidad que se enfrenta al dolor y al miedo por la muerte violenta de varios de sus líderes, además de varios miembros de la comunidad por la posesión del territorio la cuenca del Cacarica, lo que conlleva a un desplazamiento forzado estigmatizante e indignante. En el análisis se hacen preguntas orientadoras, donde además se proponen acciones que den apoyo a la situación de crisis generada y algunas estrategias psicosociales que permitan potenciar habilidades de afrontamiento de los eventos sucedidos. Finalmente, se presenta el informe analítico y reflexivo entorno al ejercicio de foto voz y link del blog, donde se exponen las experiencias de cada integrante del grupo colaborativo. En este ejercicio se realizó un acercamiento desde el escenario académico a los impactos psicosociales naturalizados en los contextos de violencia, así como a la emancipación discursiva reflejada en sus relatos experienciales. A partir de este estudio realizado se crean nuevas oportunidades para la reflexión y representación de asuntos de manera personal y creativa, siendo agentes de cambio en los entornos en donde se produce el punto de encuentro de lo cotidiano y lo no cotidiano y marcan en general un antes y un después en la memoria social.The present work takes as a tool the image and the narrative for the analysis and approach of themes of violence from different stories, that in this particular case we take the story of José Ignacio Medina (story No 4) where it shows the harsh reality to which they are seen faced the peasants. From this we perform an analysis exercise to address subjectivities immersed in contexts of violence framed by enormous consequences at the economic, social and political level. For the argumentative process, orienting questions are developed that help us to socialize and to feed back the problematics found. Subsequently the analysis of the "Cacarica" case is presented, which reflects the situation of a community that faces pain and fear due to the violent death of several of its leaders as well as several members of the community for the possession of the basin territory of the Cacarica, which leads to a stigmatizing and outrageous forced displacement. The analysis is made from guiding questions, which also propose actions that give support to the crisis generated and some psychosocial strategies that allow enhancing coping skills of the events happened. Finally, the analytical and reflexive report is presented around the exercise of photo voice and link of the blog where the experiences of each member of the collaborative group are exposed. In this exercise, an approach was made from the academic scenario to the naturalized psychosocial impacts in contexts of violence, as well as to the discursive emancipation reflected in their experiential stories. From this study, new opportunities are createdfor reflection and representation of issues in a personal and creative way being agents of change in the environments where the meeting point of the everyday and the non-daily is produced and mark in general a before and after later in the social memory

Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina en estudiantes de Bacteriología y Laboratorio Clinico

Introducción. En las últimas décadas se ha observado un aumento significativo de los portadores de Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina (SARM), que ha generado un gran interés por el problema que se presenta en la salud pública; cada vez son más escasas las alternativas terapéuticas con las que se cuenta. Objetivo. Este estudio tuvo como propósito la búsqueda de aislamientos de S. aureus resistentes a la meticilina en estudiantes de práctica clínica de Bacteriología y Laboratorio Clínico, y los factores de asociación de importancia como: sexo, edad, lavado de manos, hospitalizaciones en el último mes, heridas y vendajes de los estudiantes con el estado de portador nasal de SARM. Métodos. Se analizaron 51 muestras de fosas nasales; el aislamiento y la identificación se hicieron siguiendo métodos microbiológicos convencionales como coagulasa, fermentación del manitol y ADNasa y se hizo el antibiograma siguiendo los estándares del Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Resultados. De las 51 muestras se obtuvieron 16 aislamientos de S. aureus correspondientes al 31.3 % de estos aislamientos, 8 correspondieron a SARM En la exploración de factores asociados no se encontró significancia estadística en ninguna de las variables evaluadas. Conclusión. Los hallazgos y situaciones planteadas indican una posible circulación de SARM entre los estudiantes de bacteriología, y el riesgo de ser portadores, diseminadores o ambos. Palabras clave: comunidad, susceptibilidad, Staphylococcus aureus, SARM, resistencia.

Análisis de los procesos de inducción y entrenamiento de la empresa FORPRESALUD IPS, de la ciudad de Bucaramanga durante el primer semestre del año 2021

GráficasLas empresas dedicadas a la atención en salud deben permanecer en constante mejoramiento de la calidad de sus servicios, por lo cual se evidencia la necesidad de diseñar, implementar y evaluar los planes de inducción y capacitación de los colaboradores, tanto en temas institucionales como en procedimientos específicos de la medicina. Para la ejecución de este plan es necesario definir el personal con el perfil idóneo para brindar la inducción o capacitación, teniendo en cuenta que no se debe afectar la prestación de los servicios en la IPS, así como las temáticas de acuerdo a las áreas, y la disponibilidad de tiempos para asistir completamente. En el presente proyecto se presenta el estudio realizado a la IPS FORPRESALUD, en donde se evidencias las falencias en los procesos de inducción y capacitación, así como las necesidades del personal de la empresa; y se dan las recomendaciones para el rediseño de los planes, con el fin que contribuya a la mejora continua de la gestión humana.Health care companies must constantly improve the quality of their services, so it is evident the need to design, implement and evaluate induction and training plans for employees, both on institutional matters and on procedures specific to medicine. For the execution of this plan, it is necessary to define the staff with the ideal profile to provide the induction or training, taking into account that the provision of services in the IPS should not be affected, as well as the topics according to the areas, and the availability of schedules to attend in full. This project presents the study carried out to IPS FORPRESALUD, which shows the deficiencies in the induction and training processes, as well as the needs of the company's staff; and recommendations are given for the redesign of the plans, in order to contribute to the continuous improvement of human management

Plan de mejoramiento en seguridad y salud en el trabajo

El presente documento contiene el plan de mejoramiento para el Sistema de gestión seguridad y salud en el trabajo en la Empresa Alimentos y Servicios Institucionales Colomer S.A.S, basado en los estándares mínimos de calidad que establece la norma SG-SST (Sistema de Gestión – Seguridad y Salud en el trabajo), con el fin de verificar y evaluar si estos cumplen con los procedimientos básicos que garanticen la integridad y el bienestar de los trabajadores dependientes que participan en la organización.The present document contains the plan of improvement for the Safety and health management system at work in the food business, and institutional services Colomer S.A.S, based on the minimum standards of quality that sets the SG-SST (Sistema de Gestión – Seguridad y Salud en el trabajo), to verify and assess if they satisfy with the basic procedures that guarantee the integrity and welfare of workers subsidiaries that are involved in the Organization

Ventriculitis and hydrocephalia secondary to meningeal cryptococcosis in a non-HIV patient: a case report in the Hospital de San Jose in 2014

La criptocococis meníngea es la infección fúngica más frecuente del sistema nervioso central; generalmente se presenta en pacientes VIH seropositivos, aunque existe una proporción considerable de paciente VIH seronegativos, siendo en estos casos su presentación más agresiva. Esta infección tiene manifestaciones neurológicas variables que son secundarias al aumento de la presión intracraneal. La ventriculitis con hidrocefalia secundaria es una de las complicaciones de mayor morbi-mortalidad especialmente en pacientes VIH seronegativos. Presentamos un reporte de caso de criptocococis meníngea género Neoformans subtipo Grubbi con ventriculitis e hidrocefalia secundaria en paciente VIH seronegativo confirmado por histopatologíaMeningeal criptocococis is the most common fungal infection of the central nervous system, occuring in HIV seropositive patients, although there is a significant proportion of HIV seronegative patients, in whom the presentation is more aggresive. This infection has variable clinical manifestations secondary to increased intracranial pressure. Ventriculitis with hydrocephalus is one of the complications with the poorest outcome and mortality especially in HIV seronegative patients. We present a case report of meningeal criptocococis Neoformans subtype Grubbi with ventriculitis and secondary hydrocephalus in HIV seronegative patient confirmed by histopatholog

Burden of Respiratory Failure in Pediatric Patients: Analysis of a Prospective Multicenter Cohort in Bogotá, Colombia

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The approach to the burden of disease is a demographic, economic, and a health problem, which requires the design and application of specific measures of cost of the disease, such as disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), to establish better public health policies in the pediatric population. The aim of this study is to approach the burden of disease in children with acute respiratory failure (ARF) through the calculation of DALYs. METHODS: This study was conducted in the framework of a prospective, multicenter cohort in Bogotá, Colombia. Inclusion criteria were all pediatric patients admitted to the emergency department, hospitalization, and intensive care unit with respiratory distress; eligible patients were all those who developed ARF between April 2020 and December 2021. They were followed-up during hospitalization, at 30 and 60 days after admission. The Infant/Toddler Quality of Life Questionnaire and KIDSCREEN quality of life scales were applied for follow-up according to the age group. The results were used to calculate DALYs. RESULTS: Six hundred and eighty-five eligible patients, 296 (43.08%) developed ARF, of these 22 (6.08%) patients died (mortality rate = 7.43%). The total DALYs was 277.164 years. For younger than 9 years, the DALYs were 302.64 years, while for older than 10 years were 40.49 years. CONCLUSION: ARF is one of the main causes of preventable mortality in pediatrics, its progression to respiratory failure is a highly prevalent condition in pediatric age, a condition that has a great impact on mortality, morbidity, and disability in our patients

Use of High-Flow Cannula in Pediatric Patients With Respiratory Failure: A Prospective Cohort Study in Three High-Altitude Hospitals

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is a common cause of morbimortality, and a frequent reason for admission to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). It requires a high-flow oxygen device as treatment. Our aim is to determine the frequency and main indications for the use of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC), and the prevalence of HFNC failure and its main causes, in three hospitals. METHODS: It is a multicenter prospective cohort study, developed in three hospitals in Bogota. Eligible patients were children older than 1 month and younger than 18 years who presented ARF and required management with an HFNC. The study was carried out between April 2020 and December 2021. The follow-up was carried out at 1, 6, and 48 h after starting the management. RESULTS: Of 685 patients included in the study, 296 developed ARF. The prevalence of patients with ARF who required management with HFNC was 48%. The frequency of the pathologies that cause the ARF was: Bronchiolitis was the most frequent pathology (34.5%), followed by asthmatic crisis (15.5%) and pneumonia (12.7%). The average time of use of HFNC was 81.6 h. Regarding treatment failure with HFNC, 15 patients presented torpid evolution and required invasive mechanical ventilation, with a prevalence of therapeutic failure of the HFNC of 10.6%. CONCLUSION: The use of HFNC is more frequent in patients with bronchiolitis, in children under 2 years of age and in males, which is in line with what has been reported in the literature. In addition, the failure rate of HFNC is low (10.6%), and it may be useful in other pathologies besides bronchiolitis, such as asthma, pneumonia, among others. It opens the possibility to continue evaluating the role of HFNC in pediatric pathology in new studies

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio