The Clustering of K\sim 20 Galaxies on 17 Radio Galaxy Fields

We investigate the angular correlation function, $\omega(\theta)$, of the galaxi es detected in the K-band on 17 fields (101.5 square arcmin in total), each containing a $z\sim 1.1$ radio galaxy. There is a significant detection of galaxy clustering at $K\sim 20$ limits, with an amplitude higher than expected from simple models which fit the faint galaxy clustering in the blue and red passbands, but consistent with a pure luminosity evolution model i f clustering is stable and early-type galaxies have a steeper correlation function than spirals. We do not detect a significant cross-correlation between the radio galaxies and the other galaxies on these fields, obtaining upper limits consistent with a mean clustering environment of Abell class 0 for $z\sim 1.1$ radio galaxies, similar to that observed for radio galaxies at $z\sim 0.5$. At $K\leq 20$, the number of galaxy-galaxy pairs of 2--3 arcsec separations exceeds the random expectation by a factor of $2.15\pm 0.26$. This excess suggests at least a tripling of the local merger rate at $z\sim 1$.Comment: 13 pages, 3 tables, 7 postscript figures, TEX, submitted to MNRA

Morphology and Surface Brightness Evolution of z\sim1.1 Radio Galaxies

We use $K-band imaging to investigate the angular size and morphology of 10 6C radio galaxies, at redshifts$1\leq z\leq 1.4$. Two appear to be undergoing mergers, another contains two intensity peaks aligned with the radio jets, while the other seven appear consistent with being normal ellipticals in the K-band. Intrinsic half-light radii are estimated from the areas of each radio galaxy image above a series of thresholds. The 6C galaxy radii are found to be significantly smaller than those of the more radioluminous 3CR galaxies at similar redshifts. This would indicate that the higher mean K-band luminosity of the 3CR galaxies results from a difference in the size of the host galaxies, and not solely from a difference in the power of the active nuclei. The size-luminosity relation of the$z\sim 1.1$6C galaxies indicates a 1.0--1.8 mag enhancement of the rest-frame R-band surface brightness relative to either local ellipticals of the same size or FRII radio galaxies at$z<0.2$. The 3CR galaxies at$z\sim 1.1$show a comparable enhancement in surface brightness. The mean radius of the 6C galaxies suggests that they evolve into ellipticals of$L\sim L^*$luminosity, and is consistent with their low redshift counterparts being relatively small FRII galaxies, a factor$\sim 25$lower in radio luminosity, or small FRI galaxies a factor of$\sim 1000$ lower in radio luminosity. Hence the 6C radio galaxies may undergo at least as much optical and radio evolution as the 3CR galaxies.Comment: 17 pages, 7 postscript figures, TEX, submitted to MNRA

Scale-invariant large nonlocality in polycrystalline graphene

The observation of large nonlocal resistances near the Dirac point in graphene has been related to a variety of intrinsic Hall effects, where the spin or valley degrees of freedom are controlled by symmetry breaking mechanisms. Engineering strong spin or valley Hall signals on scalable graphene devices could stimulate further practical developments of spin- and valleytronics. Here we report on scale-invariant nonlocal transport in large-scale chemical vapour deposition graphene under an applied external magnetic field. Contrary to previously reported Zeeman spin Hall effect, our results are explained by field-induced spin-filtered edge states whose sensitivity to grain boundaries manifests in the nonlocal resistance. This phenomenon, related to the emergence of the quantum Hall regime, persists up to the millimeter scale, showing that polycrystalline morphology can be imprinted in nonlocal transport. This suggests that topological Hall effects in large-scale graphene materials are highly sensitive to the underlying structural morphology, limiting practical realizations.Comment: Main paper (14 pages, 5 figures) and Supplementary information (8 pages, 8 figures

Cell adhesion molecules and the bronchial epithelium

We thank Professor David Garrod, Dr.Tom Fleming, Dr. Dorian Haskard, and Professor Tak Lee for supplying some of the antibodies used in our studies.The bronchial epithelium is the major barrier between the host and the provoking antigens in bronchial asthma. Recent studies have indicated that the epithelium is a truly stratified structure, with the superficial columnar cells depending on the underlying basal cells for anchorage. Only columnar cells are shed into bronchial lavage fluid. The epithelium is more fragile in asthma and more cells are lost in clusters. Desmosomes appear to be the major structural adhesion mechanism at the plane of cleavage between the columnar cells and the basal cells. The as- and 134-integrins, which contribute to hemidesmosomes and anchor cells to the underlying basement membrane, are expressed solely by basal cells. The apical aspects of the columnar cells are sealed by tight and intermediate junctions. There is constitutive expression of ICAM-1 and E-selectin in the vasculature of the bronchial mucosa, and ICAM is also present within the epithelium. These findings indicate that the bronchial epithelium is a complex structure that, as a mucosal surface, has constitutive expression of inflammatory cell adhesion molecules to serve normal leukocyte traffic.peer-reviewe

Dayah, the Traditional Islamic Education System of Aceh 1900-2000

This article is an extract from my dissertation which offers a historiography of the Dayah, Aceh’s traditional institution of Islamic education and picks up at the point of Aceh’s history where its Dutch colonial experience began. The section presented here details some of the theological, philosophical and political factors that contributed to the development of the regions current variety of educational institutions. However, despite the effects of such historical and ongoing developments, that continue to inform the theological understanding and social concerns of Aceh’s ulama, the Dayah still manages to represent a distinct Muslim identity that express the richest cultural heritages of the region within an orthodox religious framework. Therefore, the Dayah of Aceh continues the traditional Islamic educational experience for the Muslims of the region despite the historical and ongoing influence of cultural, political and social developments

Promoting the Affective Domain Within Online Education

In the past decade Higher Education Institutions have experienced tremendous growth in enrollments. To meet this demand, many higher education institutions have embraced online education and its requisite technologies. Online education has matured, and studies focusing on the cognitive domain indicate that distance education is as effective as the traditional face-to-face instructional modality. However, there is a scarcity of affective domain studies due to: a) the need for the institutions of higher education to perform quantitative studies to establish the quality of online education b) the affective domain\u27s inherent subjective nature, and c) the educational research environment has slow recognition of the validity and value of qualitative research. This scarcity of research has created a reluctance to engage in online education on the part of a large number of private and public mission-driven educational institutions. Historically these institutions place great emphasis on the affective domain and currently believe that the affective domain cannot be effectively promoted in the online environment. Therefore, the conclusion is drawn that if online education cannot provide the affective component, then it is counterproductive to the mission of the institution desiring to provide a transformative education. This reluctance threatens the existence of many mission-driven institutions by falling behind in the distance education market place. Quality research is needed in the area of the affective domain in distance education to convince these institutions that the affective domain can effectively be taught in the online environment. This grounded theory study of an established online Bachelors of Radiography Program has developed a theory as to why students report a strong sense of mission when compared with other like institutions in the Mission Engagement Consortium for Independent Colleges (MECIC). Through a series of interviews with eight students, two alumni, four faculty, and the requisite coding, six contributing pedagogical phenomena and three central categories emerged. The three central categories, Instructor Persistence, Synchronous Encounters, and Integrated Institutional Mission, when working together, were found to have created continued and significant impact on the affective domain for the students of the Radiography program. Further research will be needed to quantitatively test the theory developed in this study and establish a baseline of best practices in promoting the affective domain in the online learning environment

The site of disruption of the bronchial epithelium in asthmatic and non-asthmatic subjects

Attention has recently been focused on the basal cells of the tracheobronchial epithelium as the mechanism of anchorage of the tall columnar cells, which themselves do not appear to form hemidesmosomes with the basement membrane of the epithelium. Residual basal cells have been described as remaining attached to the basement membrane after epithelial denudation. This led this group to formulate the hypothesis that there may be a potential plane of cleavage between the basal cells and the overlying columnar cell layer within the bronchial epithelium, which becomes disrupted in asthma.peer-reviewe

Nanosecond machine learning regression with deep boosted decision trees in FPGA for high energy physics

We present a novel application of the machine learning / artificial intelligence method called boosted decision trees to estimate physical quantities on field programmable gate arrays (FPGA). The software package fwXmachina features a new architecture called parallel decision paths that allows for deep decision trees with arbitrary number of input variables. It also features a new optimization scheme to use different numbers of bits for each input variable, which produces optimal physics results and ultraefficient FPGA resource utilization. Problems in high energy physics of proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are considered. Estimation of missing transverse momentum (ETmiss) at the first level trigger system at the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) experiments, with a simplified detector modeled by Delphes, is used to benchmark and characterize the firmware performance. The firmware implementation with a maximum depth of up to 10 using eight input variables of 16-bit precision gives a latency value of O(10) ns, independent of the clock speed, and O(0.1)% of the available FPGA resources without using digital signal processors.Comment: 27 pages, 14 figures, 5 table

The Angular Correlation Function of K=19.5 Galaxies and the Detection of a Cluster at z=0.775

On five K-band Omega camera images, covering a total of 162.2 sq. arcmin to K=19.5, we investigate (i) the clustering environment of 5 radio galaxies at 0.7<z<0.8 and (ii) the galaxy angular correlation function. We detect a cluster of estimated Abell richness class 1 or 2, centred on the radio galaxy 5C6.75 at z=0.775. Of the other radio galaxies, two appear to be in less rich groups or structures, and two in field environments. The mean clustering environment of all 5 is similar to that of radio galaxies at more moderate redshifts of 0.35<z<0.55. The angular correlation function of the galaxies, at limits K=18.5--20.0, is most consistent with a luminosity evolution model in which E/S0 galaxies are much more clustered than spirals (r_0=8.4 compared to 4.2 1/h Mpc) and clustering is approximately stable (epsilon=0), although the clustering may exceed the stable model at the highest (z>1.5) redshifts. We also find a significant excess of 1.5--5.0 arcsec separation pairs of galaxies compared to the expectation from the inward extrapolation of omega(theta). To K=19.5, we estimate that 11.0\pm 3.4 per cent of galaxies are in close pairs in excess of omega(theta). This can be explained if the local rate of galaxy mergers and interactions increases with redshift as $\sim (1+z)^m$ with $m=1.33_{-0.51}^{+0.36}$.Comment: 14 pages, latex, 8 figures, submitted to MNRA

Total Dose Effects on Error Rates in Linear Bipolar Systems

The shapes of single event transients in linear bipolar circuits are distorted by exposure to total ionizing dose radiation. Some transients become broader and others become narrower. Such distortions may affect SET system error rates in a radiation environment. If the transients are broadened by TID, the error rate could increase during the course of a mission, a possibility that has implications for hardness assurance