Historische Grundwissenschaften und die digitale Herausforderung

Unter Federführung von Eva Schlotheuber (Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf / VHD-Unterausschuss "Geschichte in der digitalen Welt") und Frank Bösch (Zentrum für die Zeithistorische Forschungen Potsdam / VHD-Unterausschuss "Audiovisuelle Quellen") verabschiedete der VHD ein Grundsatzpapier zum Status der Historischen Grundwissenschaften mit dem Titel "Quellenkritik im digitalen Zeitalter: Die Historischen Grundwissenschaften als zentrale Kompetenz der Geschichtswissenschaft und benachbarter Fächer". Das Grundsatzpapier, in dem auch ein forschungsstrategisches Interesse an den Grundwissenschaften in der digitalen Transformation zum Ausdruck kommt, wurde auf H-Soz-Kult veröffentlicht und mit einem Diskussionsforum begleitet. Dazu wurde aus dem breiten Spektrum der Historischen Kulturwissenschaften eine Reihe in- und ausländischer Kolleginnen und Kollegen zur Kommentierung und Diskussion eingeladen, um die Debatte zu stimulieren

Why did organized labor struggle for shorter hours? A diachronic comparison of trade union discourse in Germany

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Toward a History of Urban Social Movements

There is a striking gap in the historiography of social movements. Over the past few years, historians have started to lay bare the roots of various social movements that fought for the protection of the environment, the rights of women, or global peace. Against the backdrop of present-day mobilizations against high rents and neighbourhood displacement, historians have also begun to explore past movements that centred on or actively engaged with cities. Studying the conservationists, squatters, students, and ordinary residents who struggled for access to and control over urban space, these historians have shown that urban contention became a central element of social mobilization in post-war Europe and North America. But in so doing, they have contributed to the widely shared impression that urban social movements appeared out of nowhere in the rebellious 1960s. Thus, despite the growing interest in the urban movements of the second half of the twentieth century, there has been very little research so far into the historical evolution of these movements. This paper explores the reasons for this lack of attention. In so doing, it suggests why long-term historical analysis will prove fruitful for research on past and present urban mobilization alike

Why did organized labor struggle for shorter hours? A diachronic comparison of trade union discourse in Germany

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Desire or displacement? Working-class notions of urban belonging in late-nineteenth-century Germany

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And protect us from the market. Organized labor and the demand to shorten the workday of women in the 1860s and 1870s

Drawing on the current re-evaluation of Karl Polanyi’s Great Transformation, this article argues that opposition to the commodification of labor has been a central yet strikingly understudied element in the making of a trans-Atlantic working class in the second half of the nineteenth century. The movement to shorten the workday that emerged in the 1860s in fact constitutes a prime example of what Polanyi has called a movement for social protection. Yet an analysis of the respective rationales that undergirded demands for shorter hours for men and for women shows that gendered struggles for protection drew upon very different argumentations. While early social-democrats and labor reformers opposed the unregulated commodification of male labor as a violation of their political, economic, and social rights, demands for the de-commodification of female wage labor regularly denied women those very rights. Rather than paving the way for equal protection of working men and women, the gendered distinction of protective demands such as shorter hours impeded discussions about the equal participation of women in society, economy, and polity. As a consequence, Polanyi’s movement for social protection posed a serious challenge to female emancipatio

Studies of Growth and Decline:: New Books on the History of the Western Working Class

Nancy Isenberg: White Trash: The 400-Year Untold History of Class in America, London: Atlantic Books, 2017, 480 pp., ISBN 978-1-78649-300-2 (paperback). William A. Pelz: A People’s History of Modern Europe, London: Pluto Press, 2016, 288 pp., ISBN 978-0-7453-3245-1 (paperback). Selina Todd: The People: The Rise and Fall of the Working Class, London: John Murray, 2015, 512 pp., ISBN 978-1-84854-882-4. Jürgen Kocka, with cooperation of Jürgen Schmidt, Arbeiterleben und Arbeiterkultur: Die Entstehung einer sozialen Klasse, Bonn: J.H.W. Dietz Nachf., 2015, 512 pp., ISBN 978-3-8012-5040-9. Jürgen Schmidt: Arbeiter in der Moderne: Arbeitsbedingungen, Lebenswelten, Organisationen, Frankfurt/New York: Campus, 2015, 285 pp., ISBN 978-3-593-50340-0

Desire or displacement? Working-class notions of urban belonging in late-nineteenth-century Germany

International audienc

Developments in the MPI‐M Earth System Model version 1.2 (MPI‐ESM1.2) and Its Response to Increasing CO2

A new release of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology Earth System Model version 1.2 (MPI-ESM1.2) is presented. The development focused on correcting errors in and improving the physical processes representation, as well as improving the computational performance, versatility, and overall user friendliness. In addition to new radiation and aerosol parameterizations of the atmosphere, several relatively large, but partly compensating, coding errors in the model's cloud, convection, and turbulence parameterizations were corrected. The representation of land processes was refined by introducing a multilayer soil hydrology scheme, extending the land biogeochemistry to include the nitrogen cycle, replacing the soil and litter decomposition model and improving the representation of wildfires. The ocean biogeochemistry now represents cyanobacteria prognostically in order to capture the response of nitrogen fixation to changing climate conditions and further includes improved detritus settling and numerous other refinements. As something new, in addition to limiting drift and minimizing certain biases, the instrumental record warming was explicitly taken into account during the tuning process. To this end, a very high climate sensitivity of around 7 K caused by low-level clouds in the tropics as found in an intermediate model version was addressed, as it was not deemed possible to match observed warming otherwise. As a result, the model has a climate sensitivity to a doubling of CO2 over preindustrial conditions of 2.77 K, maintaining the previously identified highly nonlinear global mean response to increasing CO2 forcing, which nonetheless can be represented by a simple two-layer model