Deutsch Englisch Schülerleistungen International. Dokumentation der Erhebungsinstrumente für Schülerinnen und Schüler, Eltern und Lehrkräfte

Das vorliegende Skalenhandbuch dokumentiert die im Rahmen der Studie „Deutsch Englisch Schülerleistungen International“ … entwickelten Fragebogeninstrumente der Schüler-, Lehrer- und Elternbefragung. … Die DESI-Studie untersuchte die sprachlichen Leistungen von Schülerinnen und Schülern in der neunten Jahrgangsstufe in den Fächern Deutsch und Englisch. Die Untersuchung wurde im Jahr 2001 von der Ständigen Konferenz der Kultusminister der Länder in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (KMK) als nationale Schulleistungsstudie in Ergänzung zu den PISAStudien in Auftrag gegeben. Unter Federführung des Deutschen Instituts für Internationale Pädagogische Forschung (DIPF) wurden von einem Konsortium aus Bildungsforschern und Fachdidaktikern Tests für die sprachlichen Leistungen im Deutschen und im Englischen als erste Fremdsprache entwickelt, die sich an den Curricula der Länder für die neunten Jahrgangsstufe orientierten. Mit schriftlichen Befragungen von Schülerinnnen und Schülern, Eltern, Lehrkräften, Mitgliedern der Fachkollegien Deutsch und Englisch sowie Schulleitungen wurden die individuellen, familiären, unterrichtlichen und schulischen Bedingungen sprachlicher Leistungen erfasst. Videoaufnahmen im Englischunterricht ergänzten das Erhebungsdesign. Insgesamt wurden rund 11.000 Schülerinnen und Schüler der neunten Jahrgangsstufe aller Schularten des allgemeinbildenden Schulwesens mit Ausnahme der Förderschulen aus 219 Schulen mit je zwei Klassen zu Beginn und am Ende des Schuljahres 2003/04 untersucht. (DIPF/Orig.

Beschreibung des viskoelastischen und viskoplastischen Deformationsverhaltens von kontinuierlich faserverstärktem Polyamid-6

Mit Hilfe einer Multi-Skalen-Modellierung wird das zeit- und richtungsabhängige Verhalten von Gusspolyamid 6 mit Kohlenstofffaser-Köpergewebe charakterisiert und homogenisiert beschrieben. Die zentralen Fragestellungen, die die Untersuchungen motivierten, sind: Wie überträgt sich das Deformationsverhalten der Thermoplastmatrix auf den kontinuierlich verstärkten Faserverbund? Wie muss ein geeignetes makroskopisches Materialmodell aufgebaut sein und welche Effekte muss es abbilden können

Parahoric Restriction for GSp(4) and the Inner Cohomology of Siegel Modular Threefolds

For irreducible admissible representations of the group of symplectic similitudes GSp(4,F) of genus two over a p-adic number field F, we obtain the parahoric restriction with respect to an arbitrary parahoric subgroup. That means we determine the action of the Levi quotient on the invariants under the pro-unipotent radical in terms of explicit character values. Especially, we get the parahoric restriction of local endoscopic L-packets in terms of lifting data. The inner cohomology of the Siegel modular variety of genus two with an arbitrary l-adic local system admits an endoscopic and a Saito-Kurokawa part under spectral decomposition. For principal congruence subgroups of squarefree level N they define simultaneous representations of the absolute Galois group and the Hecke action of GSp(4;Z/NZ). We decompose them into irreducible constituents and give explicit character values. As an application, we prove the conjectures of Bergström, Faber and van der Geer on level two

Nanolithographic Top‐Down Patterning of Polyoxovanadate‐based Nanostructures with Switchable Electrical Resistivity

The top-down fabrication of ∼10 nm vanadium oxide nanostructures by electron beam lithography based on a molecular vanadium oxide resist material is reported. The new material enables the large-scale deposition of electrically switchable nanostructures which can be directly incorporated in established e-beam lithography. The findings could in future enable the top-down fabrication of functional metal oxide nanostructures in the < 10 nm domain. The top-down lithographic fabrication of functional metal oxide nanostructures enables technologically important applications such as catalysis and electronics. Here, we report the use of molecular vanadium oxides, polyoxovanadates, as molecular precursors for electron beam lithography to obtain functional vanadium oxide nanostructures. The new resist class described gives access to nanostructures with minimum dimensions close to 10 nm. The lithographically prepared structures exhibit temperature-dependent switching behaviour of their electrical resistivity. The work could lay the foundation for accessing functional vanadium oxide nanostructures in the sub-10-nm domain using industrially established nanolithographic methods

Insomnia and sleep-disordered breathing in FKRP-related limb-girdle muscular dystrophy R9. The Norwegian LGMDR9 cohort study (2020)

Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy R9 (LGMDR9) is a progressive and disabling genetic muscle disease. Sleep is relevant in the patient care as it impacts on health, functioning, and well-being. LGMDR9 may potentially afect sleep by physical or emotional symptoms, myalgia, or sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) through cardiorespiratory involvement. The objective was to investigate the occurrence of insomnia and unrecognized or untreated SDB in LGMDR9, associated factors, and relationships with fatigue and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). All 90 adults in a Norwegian LGMDR9 cohort received questionnaires on sleep, fatigue, and HRQoL. Forty-nine of them underwent clinical assessments and 26 without mask-based therapy for respiration disorders additionally underwent polysomnography (PSG) and capnometry. Among 77 questionnaire respondents, 31% received mask-based therapy. The prevalence of insomnia was 32% of both those with and without such therapy but was signifcantly increased in fatigued respondents (54% vs 21%). Insomnia levels correlated inversely with mental HRQoL. Among 26 PSG candidates, an apnea–hypopnea index (AHI)≥5/h was observed in 16/26 subjects (≥15/h in 8/26) with median 6.8 obstructive apneas and 0.2 central apneas per hour of sleep. The AHI was related to advancing age and an ejection fraction<50%. Sleep-related hypoventilation was detected in one subject. Fatigue severity did not correlate with motor function or nocturnal metrics of respiration or sleep but with Maximal Inspiratory Pressure (r=− 0.46). The results indicate that insomnia and SDB are underrecognized comorbidities in LGMDR9 and associated with HRQoL impairment and heart failure, respectively. We propose an increased attention to insomnia and SDB in the interdisciplinary care of LGMDR9. Insomnia and pulmonary function should be examined in fatigued patients

Dual checkpoint blockade of CD47 and LILRB1 enhances CD20 antibody-dependent phagocytosis of lymphoma cells by macrophages

Antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) by macrophages, an important effector function of tumor targeting antibodies, is hampered by ‘Don´t Eat Me!’ signals such as CD47 expressed by cancer cells. Yet, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I expression may also impair ADCP by engaging leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B (LILRB) member 1 (LILRB1) or LILRB2. Analysis of different lymphoma cell lines revealed that the ratio of CD20 to HLA class I cell surface molecules determined the sensitivity to ADCP by the combination of rituximab and an Fc-silent variant of the CD47 antibody magrolimab (CD47-IgGσ). To boost ADCP, Fc-silent antibodies against LILRB1 and LILRB2 were generated (LILRB1-IgGσ and LILRB2-IgGσ, respectively). While LILRB2-IgGσ was not effective, LILRB1-IgGσ significantly enhanced ADCP of lymphoma cell lines when combined with both rituximab and CD47-IgGσ. LILRB1-IgGσ promoted serial engulfment of lymphoma cells and potentiated ADCP by non-polarized M0 as well as polarized M1 and M2 macrophages, but required CD47 co-blockade and the presence of the CD20 antibody. Importantly, complementing rituximab and CD47-IgGσ, LILRB1-IgGσ increased ADCP of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or lymphoma cells isolated from patients. Thus, dual checkpoint blockade of CD47 and LILRB1 may be promising to improve antibody therapy of CLL and lymphomas through enhancing ADCP by macrophages

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Electron population dynamics in resonant non-linear x-ray absorption in nickel at a free-electron laser

Free-electron lasers provide bright, ultrashort, and monochromatic x-ray pulses, enabling novel spectroscopic measurements not only with femtosecond temporal resolution: The high fluence of their x-ray pulses can also easily enter the regime of the non-linear x-ray–matter interaction. Entering this regime necessitates a rigorous analysis and reliable prediction of the relevant non-linear processes for future experiment designs. Here, we show non-linear changes in the L3-edge absorption of metallic nickel thin films, measured with fluences up to 60 J/cm2. We present a simple but predictive rate model that quantitatively describes spectral changes based on the evolution of electronic populations within the pulse duration. Despite its simplicity, the model reaches good agreement with experimental results over more than three orders of magnitude in fluence, while providing a straightforward understanding of the interplay of physical processes driving the non-linear changes. Our findings provide important insights for the design and evaluation of future high-fluence free-electron laser experiments and contribute to the understanding of non-linear electron dynamics in x-ray absorption processes in solids at the femtosecond timescale

Photon shot-noise limited transient absorption soft X-ray spectroscopy at the European XFEL

Femtosecond transient soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) is a very promising technique that can be employed at X-ray Free Electron Lasers (FELs) to investigate out-of-equilibrium dynamics for material and energy research. Here we present a dedicated setup for soft X-rays available at the Spectroscopy & Coherent Scattering (SCS) instrument at the European X-ray Free Electron Laser (EuXFEL). It consists of a beam-splitting off-axis zone plate (BOZ) used in transmission to create three copies of the incoming beam, which are used to measure the transmitted intensity through the excited and unexcited sample, as well as to monitor the incoming intensity. Since these three intensity signals are detected shot-by-shot and simultaneously, this setup allows normalized shot-by-shot analysis of the transmission. For photon detection, the DSSC imaging detector, which is capable of recording up to 800 images at 4.5 MHz frame rate during the FEL burst, is employed and allows approaching the photon shot-noise limit. We review the setup and its capabilities, as well as the online and offline analysis tools provided to users.Comment: 11 figure