New mixing pattern for neutrinos

We propose a new mixing pattern for neutrinos with a nonzero mixing angle $\theta_{13}$. Under a simple form, it agrees well with current neutrino oscillation data and displays a number of intriguing features including the $\mu$-$\tau$ interchange symmetry $|U_{\mu i}|=|U_{\tau i}|$, $(i=1,2,3)$, the trimaximal mixing |U_{\e 2}|=|U_{\mu 2}|=|U_{\tau 2}|=1/\sqrt{3}, the self-complementarity relation $\theta_1+\theta_3=45\deg$, together with the maximal Dirac CP violation as a prediction.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure. Final version to appear in PR

ParticleNet: Jet Tagging via Particle Clouds

How to represent a jet is at the core of machine learning on jet physics. Inspired by the notion of point clouds, we propose a new approach that considers a jet as an unordered set of its constituent particles, effectively a "particle cloud". Such a particle cloud representation of jets is efficient in incorporating raw information of jets and also explicitly respects the permutation symmetry. Based on the particle cloud representation, we propose ParticleNet, a customized neural network architecture using Dynamic Graph Convolutional Neural Network for jet tagging problems. The ParticleNet architecture achieves state-of-the-art performance on two representative jet tagging benchmarks and is improved significantly over existing methods.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures; v3: updated to match the version published in PRD; Code available at https://github.com/hqucms/ParticleNe

Jet tagging in the Lund plane with graph networks

The identification of boosted heavy particles such as top quarks or vector bosons is one of the key problems arising in experimental studies at the Large Hadron Collider. In this article, we introduce LundNet, a novel jet tagging method which relies on graph neural networks and an efficient description of the radiation patterns within a jet to optimally disentangle signatures of boosted objects from background events. We apply this framework to a number of different benchmarks, showing significantly improved performance for top tagging compared to existing state-of-the-art algorithms. We study the robustness of the LundNet taggers to non-perturbative and detector effects, and show how kinematic cuts in the Lund plane can mitigate overfitting of the neural network to model-dependent contributions. Finally, we consider the computational complexity of this method and its scaling as a function of kinematic Lund plane cuts, showing an order of magnitude improvement in speed over previous graph-based taggers.Comment: 23 pages, 12 figures, code available at https://github.com/fdreyer/lundne

Probing Triple-W Production and Anomalous WWWW Coupling at the CERN LHC and future 100TeV proton-proton collider

Triple gauge boson production at the LHC can be used to test the robustness of the Standard Model and provide useful information for VBF di-boson scattering measurement. Especially, any derivations from SM prediction will indicate possible new physics. In this paper we present a detailed Monte Carlo study on measuring WWW production in pure leptonic and semileptonic decays, and probing anomalous quartic gauge WWWW couplings at the CERN LHC and future hadron collider, with parton shower and detector simulation effects taken into account. Apart from cut-based method, multivariate boosted decision tree method has been exploited for possible improvement. For the leptonic decay channel, our results show that at the sqrt{s}=8(14)[100] TeV pp collider with integrated luminosity of 20(100)[3000] fb-1, one can reach a significance of 0.4(1.2)[10]sigma to observe the SM WWW production. For the semileptonic decay channel, one can have 0.5(2)[14]sigma to observe the SM WWW production. We also give constraints on relevant Dim-8 anomalous WWWW coupling parameters.Comment: Accepted version by JHE

ParticleNet and its application on CEPC Jet Flavor Tagging

Identification of quark flavor is essential for collider experiments in high-energy physics, relying on the flavor tagging algorithm. In this study, using a full simulation of the Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC), we investigated the flavor tagging performance of two different algorithms: ParticleNet, originally developed at CMS, and LCFIPlus, the current flavor tagging algorithm employed at CEPC. Compared to LCFIPlus, ParticleNet significantly enhances flavor tagging performance, resulting in a significant improvement in benchmark measurement accuracy, i.e., a 36% improvement for $\nu\bar{\nu}H\to c\bar{c}$ measurement and a 75% improvement for $|V_{cb}|$ measurement via W boson decay when CEPC operates as a Higgs factory at the center-of-mass energy of 240 GeV and integrated luminosity of 5.6 $ab^{-1}$. We compared the performance of ParticleNet and LCFIPlus at different vertex detector configurations, observing that the inner radius is the most sensitive parameter, followed by material budget and spatial resolution

Jet origin identification and measurement of rare hadronic decays of Higgs boson at e+e−e^+e^- collider

We propose to identify the jet origin using deep learning tools for experiments at the high energy frontier, where jet origins are categorized into 5 species of quarks, i.e., $b,c,s,u,d$, 5 species of anti-quarks, i.e., $\bar{b},\bar{c},\bar{s},\bar{u},\bar{d}$, and gluons. Using simulated physics events at the Circular Electron Positron Collider and the ParticleNet algorithm, we quantify the performance of jet origin identification using an 11-dimensional confusion matrix. This matrix exhibits flavor tagging efficiencies of 91% for $b$ and $\bar{b}$, 80% for $c$ and $\bar{c}$, and 64% for $s$ and $\bar{s}$ quarks, as well as jet charge misidentification rates of 18% for $b$ and $\bar{b}$, 7% for $c$ and $\bar{c}$, and 16% for $s$ and $\bar{s}$ quarks, respectively. We use this method to determine the upper limits on branching ratios of Higgs rare hadronic decays, specifically for $s\bar{s}$, $u\bar{u}$, and $d\bar{d}$, as well as for decays via flavor-changing neutral current, such as $sb$, $sd$, $db$, $cu$. We conclude that these Higgs decay branching ratios could be measured with typical upper limits of 0.02%-0.1% at 95% confidence level at CEPC nominal parameters. For the $H\rightarrow s \bar{s}$ decay, this upper limit corresponds to three times the standard model prediction

Effect of Zishen Jiangtang Pill, a Chinese Herbal Product, on Rats with Diabetic Osteoporosis

Diabetic osteoporosis (DO) is a complication of diabetes. Zishen Jiangtang Pill (ZJP) is a Chinese herbal product which has been used in clinic to maintain blood glucose level and bone density for decades. However, the evidence about its mechanism on diabetes and osteoporosis is still unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate therapeutic effect of ZJP on DO in streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced rats. Rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: one control group (CON), one model group (MOD), and two ZJP treatment groups (1.5 and 3.0 g/kg/d). All rats were treated for 8 weeks. Results showed that ZJP decreased the blood glucose level during OGTT and prevented the changes of FBG and Fins. Similarly, ZJP inhibited the changes of BCa, P, TRACP-5b, CTX-1, BALP, and BGP and the reduction of BMD. In parallel, 1H-NMR metabolomic studies showed that ZJP significantly altered the metabolic fingerprints of blood and urine level. These findings suggest that ZJP can effectively improve glucose metabolism, abnormal bone metabolism, and metabolic disorders in DO rats, which may be a useful alternative medicine for DO therapy

Public interest in distribution and determinants of influenza and pneumonia vaccination during the covid-19 pandemic : An infodemiology and cross-sectional study from china

Background: Following the COVID-19 pandemic, global interest in influenza vaccines and pneumonia vaccines has increased significantly. We aimed to examine public interest in and actual market circulation of influenza and pneumonia vaccines before and after the initial outbreak of COVID-19 and estimate the coverage and determinants of influenza and pneumonia vaccination uptake following the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We obtained search volume data for vaccines using the Baidu search index and collected the numbers of vaccines issued from the National Institutes for Food and Drug Control. We also conducted a cross-sectional survey among 3346 adult residents to evaluate the coverage and determinants of influenza and pneumonia vaccination uptake in the Yangtze River delta, China, from 29 January to 4 February 2021. Results: Public searches and the number of vaccines issued for the influenza vaccines and pneumonia vaccines obviously increased after the initial outbreak of COVID-19. In the total sample, 12.5% were vaccinated against influenza, and 21.5% had at least one family member vaccinated against pneumonia. A minority of participants perceived that they were highly or very highly susceptible to influenza (15.9%) and COVID-19 (6.7%). A range of socio-economic factors and perceived susceptibility to COVID-19 were associated with influenza and pneumonia vaccination uptake. Conclusions: Public interest in and issued volumes of influenza and pneumonia vaccines increased nationally following the COVID-19 pandemic. Perceptions of high susceptibility to COVID-19 were associated with the uptake of the influenza and pneumonia vaccines. Targeted interventions were needed to improve vaccination coverage.publishedVersionPeer reviewe

Measurement of the top quark forward-backward production asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric and chromomagnetic moments in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV

Abstract The parton-level top quark (t) forward-backward asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric (d̂ t) and chromomagnetic (μ̂ t) moments have been measured using LHC pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected in the CMS detector in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. The linearized variable AFB(1) is used to approximate the asymmetry. Candidate t t ¯ events decaying to a muon or electron and jets in final states with low and high Lorentz boosts are selected and reconstructed using a fit of the kinematic distributions of the decay products to those expected for t t ¯ final states. The values found for the parameters are AFB(1)=0.048−0.087+0.095(stat)−0.029+0.020(syst),μ̂t=−0.024−0.009+0.013(stat)−0.011+0.016(syst), and a limit is placed on the magnitude of | d̂ t| < 0.03 at 95% confidence level. [Figure not available: see fulltext.

Measurement of t(t)over-bar normalised multi-differential cross sections in pp collisions at root s=13 TeV, and simultaneous determination of the strong coupling strength, top quark pole mass, and parton distribution functions

Peer reviewe