121 research outputs found
Strain effects at solid surfaces near the melting point
We investigate the effects of strain on a crystal surface close to the bulk
melting temperature T_m, where surface melting usually sets in. Strain lowers
the bulk melting point, so that at a fixed temperature below but close to T_m
the thickness of the quasi-liquid film is expected to grow with strain,
irrespective of sign. In addition, a strain-induced solid surface free energy
increase/decrease takes place, favoring/disfavoring surface melting depending
on the sign of strain relative to surface stress. In the latter case one can
produce a strain-induced prewetting transition, where for increasing
temperature the liquid film suddenly jumps from zero to a finite thickness.
This phenomenology is illustrated by a realistic molecular dynamics simulation
of strained Al(110).Comment: Acceped for publication on Surface Scienc
AC Driven Jumps Distribution on a Periodic Substrate
A driven Brownian particle (e.g. an adatom on a surface) diffusing on a
low-viscosity, periodic substrate may execute multiple jumps. In the presence
of an additional periodic drive, the jump lengths and time durations become
statistically modulated according to a syncronyzation mechanism reminiscent of
asymmetric stochastic resonance. Here, too, bistability plays a key role, but
in a dynamical sense, inasmuch as a particle switches between locked and
running states.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, RevTeX, to be published in Surface Science
Letter
Surface melting of methane and methane film on magnesium oxide
Experiments on surface melting of several organic materials have shown
contradictory results. We study the Van der Waals interactions between
interfaces in surface melting of the bulk CH_4 and interfacial melting of the
CH_4 film on the MgO substrate. This analysis is based on the theory of
Dzyaloshinskii, Lifshitz, and Pitaevskii for dispersion forces in materials
characterized by the frequency dependent dielectric functions. These functions
for magnesium oxide and methane are obtained from optical data using an
oscillator model of the dielectric response. The results show that a repulsive
interaction between the solid-liquid and liquid-vapor interfaces exists for the
bulk methane. We also found that the van der Waals forces between two
solid-liquid interfaces are attractive for the CH_4 film on the MgO substrate.
This implies that the van der Waals forces induce the presence of complete
surface melting for the bulk methane and the absence of interfacial melting for
CH_4 on the MgO substrate.Comment: 11 pages, 4 ps figure
Temperature dependence of surface-melting-induced faceting of surfaces vicinal to Pb(111)
FWN – Publicaties zonder aanstelling Universiteit Leide
Surface melting of nanoscopic epitaxial films
By introducing finite size surface and interfacial excess quantities,
interactions between interfaces are shown to modify the usual surface
premelting phenomenon. It is the case of surface melting of a thin solid film s
deposited on a planar solid substrate S. More precisely to the usual wetting
condition of the solid s by its own melt l, necessary for premelting (wetting
factor F<0), is adjoined a new quantity G describing the interactions of the
l/s interface with the s/S interface. When G>0 this interface attraction boosts
the premelting so that a two stage boosted surface premelting is foreseen: a
continuous premelting, up to roughly half the deposited film, is followed by an
abrupt first order premelting. When G<0 these interfaces repell each other so
that premelting is refrained and the film remains partly solid above the bulk
melting point (overheating) what is called astride melting. Elastic stress
modifies both types of melting curves. Bulk and surface stresses have to be
distinguished.Comment: 65 pages, 16 figure
Premelting of Thin Wires
Recent work has raised considerable interest on the nature of thin metallic
wires. We have investigated the melting behavior of thin cylindrical Pb wires
with the axis along a (110) direction, using molecular dynamics and a
well-tested many-body potential. We find that---in analogy with cluster
melting---the melting temperature of a wire with radius is lower
than that of a bulk solid, , by . Surface melting
effects, with formation of a thin skin of highly diffusive atoms at the wire
surface, is observed. The diffusivity is lower where the wire surface has a
flat, local (111) orientation, and higher at (110) and (100) rounded areas. The
possible relevance to recent results on non-rupturing thin necks between an STM
tip and a warm surface is addressed.Comment: 10 pages, 4 postscript figures are appended, RevTeX, SISSA Ref.
131/94/CM/S
Crystal-face dependence of surface melting
FWN – Publicaties zonder aanstelling Universiteit Leide
Microscopic View on Short-Range Wetting at the Free Surface of the Binary Metallic Liquid Gallium-Bismuth: An X-ray Reflectivity and Square Gradient Theory Study
We present an x-ray reflectivity study of wetting at the free surface of the
binary liquid metal gallium-bismuth (Ga-Bi) in the region where the bulk phase
separates into Bi-rich and Ga-rich liquid phases. The measurements reveal the
evolution of the microscopic structure of wetting films of the Bi-rich,
low-surface-tension phase along different paths in the bulk phase diagram. A
balance between the surface potential preferring the Bi-rich phase and the
gravitational potential which favors the Ga-rich phase at the surface pins the
interface of the two demixed liquid metallic phases close to the free surface.
This enables us to resolve it on an Angstrom level and to apply a mean-field,
square gradient model extended by thermally activated capillary waves as
dominant thermal fluctuations. The sole free parameter of the gradient model,
i.e. the so-called influence parameter, , is determined from our
measurements. Relying on a calculation of the liquid/liquid interfacial tension
that makes it possible to distinguish between intrinsic and capillary wave
contributions to the interfacial structure we estimate that fluctuations affect
the observed short-range, complete wetting phenomena only marginally. A
critical wetting transition that should be sensitive to thermal fluctuations
seems to be absent in this binary metallic alloy.Comment: RevTex4, twocolumn, 15 pages, 10 figure
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