10 research outputs found

    Characterization of Amaranthus quitensis resistance to three families of herbicides

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    Amaranthus quitensis es una especie anual de origen sudamericano que se reproduce por semillas. En Argentina su distribución abarca centro y norte del país y constituye una de las principales malezas en los cultivos de verano (soja, maíz y girasol) del área pampeana. En la región central (provincia de Córdoba y Santa Fe) se detectaron fallas en su control al emplearse distintas familias de herbicidas (imidazolinonas, sulfonilureas y triazolopirimidinas) por lo cual el objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar la resistencia a nivel bioquímico y molecular de biotipos de A. quitensis correspondientes a cuatro localidades de esta región. Específicamente utilizamos distintos herbicidas inhibidores de la Aceto-Lactato Sintasa (ALS), una enzima involucrada en la síntesis de un grupo de aminoácidos, tomando como base de comparación un biotipo susceptible. Como objetivos específicos determinamos el origen geográfico de la resistencia a cada uno de estas tres familias de herbicidas y evaluamos el efecto de diferentes dosis sobre la actividad de la ALS “in vitro”. Los resultados indican que los materiales analizados corresponden a eventos de resistencia independientes y no a un origen común por movilidad de germoplasma entre las localidades en donde se detectaron las resistencias. Los estudios de variabilidad genética de los biotipos estudiados aportan evidencias de los mecanismos de resistencia frente a diferentes herbicidas que tienen como blanco la enzima ALS.Amaranthus quitensis is an annual species from South America that reproduces by seed. In Argentina its distribution covers central and northern country and is a major weed of summer crops (soybean, corn and sunflower) Pampa area. In the central region (Province of Cordoba and Santa Fe) flaws in its control were detected, when using different herbicide families (imidazolinone, sulfonylurea and triazolopyrimidines). Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the resistance at the biochemical and molecular level of biotypes of A. quitensis from four localities along this region. Specifically we used different herbicides inhibitors Aceto-Lactate Synthase (ALS), an enzyme involved in the synthesis of a group of aminoacids, and compared them with a susceptible biotype. Specific objectives were to determine the geographical origin of the resistance to each of these three herbicides and to assess the effect of different doses on ALS activity in vitro. Results, based on the observed genetic variability and on the sequences of the als genes, indicated that the analyzed populations were originated independently and not from a common mutation event that later dispersed to the different sites. These results allowed for a deeper knowledge at the biochemical and molecular levels of the resistance mechanisms of five ecotypes of A. quitensis to different herbicides that have the ALS enzyme as a target

    Bt protein rhizosecreted from transgenic maize does not accumulate in soil

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    Secretomas fúngicos como pretratamiento biológico sobre biomasa lignocelulósica de panicum prionitis

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    Debido a la inminente necesidad de producir y utilizar fuentes de energía renovables, ciertos pastizales naturales como Panicum prionitis, ricos en polisacáridos y con baja eficiencia forrajera, representan una fuente de azúcares fermentables muy interesante para la producción de bioetanol de segunda generación. Sin embargo, la presencia de lignina en sus hojas hace que el proceso de producción requiera de un pretratamiento previo a la sacarificación. Los hongos de la podredumbre blanca de la madera son capaces de degradar los materiales lignocelulósicos, secretando al medio extracelular diversas enzimas involucradas en tal proceso. En base a este criterio, se evaluó la eficiencia de los secretomas de dos especies fúngicas (Pycnoporus sanguineus y Ganoderma applanatum) como agentes de pretratamiento sobre la biomasa de P. prionitis. Los resultados demuestran que el pretratamiento con secretomas fúngicos resulta más eficiente que los tradicionales (pretratamiento químico y con enzimas ligninolíticas comerciales), permitiendo hidrolizar hasta un 47,5% de la celulosa en el caso de G. applanatum. Ensayos de cromatografía líquida acoplada a espectrometría de masas permitieron la identificación de una gran cantidad de proteínas en los secretomas, revelando que el 34% y el 42% de ellas se encuentran involucradas en los procesos de degradación de la biomasa lignocelulósica para G. applanatum y P. sanguineus, respectivamenteFil: Gauna, Albertina . Universidad Nacional de RosarioFil: Feldman, Susana R.. Universidad Nacional de RosarioFil: Larran, Alvaro S.. Universidad Nacional de RosarioFil: Permingeat, Hugo R.. Universidad Nacional de RosarioFil: Perotti, Valeria E.. Universidad Nacional de Rosari

    OsttaSBEIII expression alters granule size and increases starch levels and its degradability in Arabidopsis

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    The physicochemical properties of starches from different botanical origin, such as viscosity, gelatinization temperature, solubility and degradability depend on the amylose/amylopectin ratio and the length and frequency of the α-1,6-glycosidic bonds in amylopectin. These branches depend on the action of the starch branching enzymes (SBEs), which are highly structurally conserved in plants. We recently identified a novel gene from Ostreococcus tauri (OsttaSBEIII) which codes for a protein showing starch branching activity (OsttaSBEIII) and with a different structure than other known SBEs from plants, containing two in-tandem carbohydrate binding modules (CBM41-CBM48) at its N-terminus. OsttaSBEIII overexpression in A. thaliana plants resulted in a higher starch content and smaller granules with an increased degradability. OEOsttaSBE lines showed also an increase in the expression and activity of starch degradative enzymes and a higher content of glucose and inorganic phosphate, which suggests a remodeling of the granule structure in response to the expression of OsttaSBEIII. These results allow us to propose the use of OsttaSBEIII as a new strategy to obtain starches with greater degradability that would be useful for different biotechnological applications

    Streptomyces thermoautotrophicus does not fix nitrogen

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    Streptomyces thermoautotrophicus UBT1 has been described as a moderately thermophilic chemolithoautotroph with a novel nitrogenase enzyme that is oxygen-insensitive. We have cultured the UBT1 strain, and have isolated two new strains (H1 and P1-2) of very similar phenotypic and genetic characters. These strains show minimal growth on ammonium-free media, and fail to incorporate isotopically labeled N2 gas into biomass in multiple independent assays. The sdn genes previously published as the putative nitrogenase of S. thermoautotrophicus have little similarity to anything found in draft genome sequences, published here, for strains H1 and UBT1, but share >99% nucleotide identity with genes from Hydrogenibacillus schlegelii, a draft genome for which is also presented here. H. schlegelii similarly lacks nitrogenase genes and is a non-diazotroph. We propose reclassification of the species containing strains UBT1, H1, and P1-2 as a non-Streptomycete, non-diazotrophic, facultative chemolithoautotroph and conclude that the existence of the previously proposed oxygen-tolerant nitrogenase is extremely unlikely

    Herbicide resistant weeds: A call to integrate conventional agricultural practices, molecular biology knowledge and new technologies

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