60 research outputs found
Is Europe Reforming? Evidence from Cross-Country Structural Indicators
With the adoption of the Lisbon Agenda in 2000, the European Union established for itself the ambitious goal of becoming the most dynamic and competitive economy in the world by 2010. Despite initial optimism, the first half of the decade has been dispiriting and targets established under the Lisbon strategy will be difficult to achieve. Many observers have concluded that governments have failed to implement the policies required to achieve these targets and that, without radical changes, the strategy will fail to deliver its promises. Without disagreeing with these conclusions, the present paper argues that they portray the situation excessively negatively. Using cross-country structural indicators compiled by the OECD, it shows that changes have occurred during the first half of the Lisbon programme, although not everywhere. The first part of the paper reviews recent developments in indicators of labour market policies and labour market performance. It shows that structural policies have moved in the right direction in several countries, notably tax wedges on labour income for low-wage earners and the implicit tax on continued work. This has been associated with a somewhat better labour market performance, notably higher employment rates. As well, the easing of product market regulation, which is deemed to increase the competitive pressure felt by firms and incite them to invest and innovate, has been associated with faster productivity growth in some countries and some industries. Nevertheless, the heterogeneity of performance across countries suggests that there is still a large room for countries where reforms are less advanced to adopt good practices. In these countries, more comprehensive implementation of labour market and product market reforms is needed to mobilise unused labour resources, put productivity growth on a faster trend and accelerate the growth of GDP per capita. Based on this overview, the paper raises some political economy issues related the method of coordination adopted by the Lisbon agenda.European Union, Economic Growth, Labour market policies, Employment, Product market regulation; Labour productivity
The Lisbon Strategy at Midterm: Expectations and Reality
CASE - Center for Social and Economic Research inspired an extensive discussion on the Lisbon Strategy, its goals and objectives, successes and failures. The fervent debate, which took place in Warsaw at the end of 2004, investigated the future of the Strategy in Europe and Poland. The publication, which we are proud to present, is a result of this discussion. The Polish context for achieving the Lisbon goals was explored at a conference on December 9, 2004 entitled âThe Lisbon Strategy in Poland: Directions of Necessary Reformsâ. Earlier, however, answering the question whether the Lisbon objectives successfully support competitiveness in Europe was of chief concern to a group of scholars and specialists attending the conference entitled âLisbon Strategy as an Effective Tool of Increasing Competitiveness in Europe?â (The meeting took place in Warsaw on November 8, 2004). The conference dialogue resulted in systematic and inquisitive debate on the causes of successes and failures of the Lisbon Strategy against the background of the current economy in the united Europe. The perspectives for the future implementation of the Strategy and its desired effects also proved to be of great concern. The arguments presented by the authors of the present publication continue the discussion, which has now been enriched by the contributions by conference participants.Lisbon Strategy, European Union, enterprise policy, structural indicators, employment, productivity, innovation, R&D, pension system, liberalization, sustainable development, competitiveness, economic growth
Daratumumab after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for multiple myeloma is safe and synergies with pre-existing chronic graft versus host disease. A retrospective study from the CMWP EBMT
Broadband Multi-wavelength Properties of M87 during the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope Campaign
Abstract: In 2017, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration succeeded in capturing the first direct image of the center of the M87 galaxy. The asymmetric ring morphology and size are consistent with theoretical expectations for a weakly accreting supermassive black hole of mass âŒ6.5 Ă 109 M â. The EHTC also partnered with several international facilities in space and on the ground, to arrange an extensive, quasi-simultaneous multi-wavelength campaign. This Letter presents the results and analysis of this campaign, as well as the multi-wavelength data as a legacy data repository. We captured M87 in a historically low state, and the core flux dominates over HST-1 at high energies, making it possible to combine core flux constraints with the more spatially precise very long baseline interferometry data. We present the most complete simultaneous multi-wavelength spectrum of the active nucleus to date, and discuss the complexity and caveats of combining data from different spatial scales into one broadband spectrum. We apply two heuristic, isotropic leptonic single-zone models to provide insight into the basic source properties, but conclude that a structured jet is necessary to explain M87âs spectrum. We can exclude that the simultaneous Îł-ray emission is produced via inverse Compton emission in the same region producing the EHT mm-band emission, and further conclude that the Îł-rays can only be produced in the inner jets (inward of HST-1) if there are strongly particle-dominated regions. Direct synchrotron emission from accelerated protons and secondaries cannot yet be excluded
L'impact social des programmes d'ajustement structurel : le cas des Ă©conomies en transition
Lenain Patrick. L'impact social des programmes d'ajustement structurel : le cas des économies en transition. In: Revue d'économie financiÚre. Hors-série, 1994. Bretton Woods : mélanges pour un cinquantenaire. pp. 371-381
Identification and caractérisation of Apollo as a new telomere protective factor
LYON-ENS Sciences (693872304) / SudocSudocFranceF
Enhancing Income Convergence in Central Europe after EU Accession
After nearly fifteen years of transition, the countries of Central Europe have entered the European Union on 1 May 2004. For the four countries that are members of the OECD (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovak Republic), accession follows multiyear efforts of economic stabilisation and structural transformation, which have brought them large benefits. Although convergence towards higher levels of income appears to be a distant prospect at current trend growth rates, this is not a predetermined outcome. The experience of prior entrants suggests that much leeway is available within the framework of the European Union to undertake pro-growth policies. The most promising prospect in this respect appears to reside with employment creation, which has been so far lacking and led to a rather imbalanced pattern of growth. Bringing down labour taxes, easing employment protection legislation and reducing out-of-work benefits would make important contributions in this respect. While ... Renforcer la convergence des revenus en Europe Centrale aprĂšs les adhesions Ă l'Union europĂ©enne Le 1er mai 2004, aprĂšs presque quinze annĂ©es de transition, les pays dâEurope centrale sont entrĂ©s dans lâUnion europĂ©enne. Pour les quatre pays accĂ©dants qui sont Membres de lâOCDE (Hongrie, Pologne, RĂ©publique slovaque et RĂ©publique tchĂšque), lâadhĂ©sion couronne plusieurs annĂ©es dâefforts de stabilisation Ă©conomique et de transformation structurelle qui leur ont Ă©tĂ© trĂšs profitables. MĂȘme si la convergence vers des niveaux de revenu plus Ă©levĂ©s semble une perspective lointaine aux taux de croissance actuels, lâissue nâest pas pour autant dĂ©terminĂ©e dâavance. LâexpĂ©rience des prĂ©cĂ©dents entrants donne Ă penser que le cadre de lâUnion europĂ©enne offre une grande marge dâaction pour engager des politiques favorables Ă la croissance. La voie la plus prometteuse Ă cet Ă©gard semble ĂȘtre la creation dâemplois, qui a Ă©tĂ© jusquâici insuffisante et qui a engendrĂ© un profil de croissance assez dĂ©sĂ©quilibrĂ©. LâallĂ©gement de la fiscalitĂ© du travail, lâassouplissement de la lĂ©gislation sur la ...Poland, Hungary, transition, economic growth, productivity growth, Central Europe, Czech Republic, accession, catching-up, convergence, diffusion of innovation, Slovak Republic, European Union, labour utilisation, RĂ©publique tchĂšque, Union europĂ©enne, convergence, transition, accession, rattrapage, utilisation du travail, diffusion de l'innovation, Hongrie, croissance de la productivitĂ©, RĂ©publique slovaque, croissance Ă©conomique, Pologne
After the Telecommunications Bubble
An unprecedented âboom and bustâ investment cycle occurred in the high-tech industries at the turn of the century, in particular in the telecommunications sector. Regulatory reforms and technological innovation fuelled expectations of robust growth in traffic, revenue and earnings. Eventually, however, the volume of traffic expanded less than anticipated. Faced with severe financial difficulties, telecommunication firms sharply curtailed their investment and embarked on restructuring. The impact of such restructuring on the overall economy has been relatively small, but it has had severe upstream effects on equipment suppliers and technology firms. Confidence is now slowly returning to the sector thanks to the efforts of companies to strengthen their balance sheets and to renegotiate their debts. Although the necessary restructuring now underway in the industry is painful, governments and regulators should resist the temptation to provide relief to companies by easing competition ... AprĂšs la bulle des tĂ©lĂ©communications Le changement de siĂšcle a Ă©tĂ© marquĂ© par un cycle sans prĂ©cĂ©dent d'expansion rapide suivie d'un effondrement de l'investissement dans les industries de haute technologie, notamment dans le secteur des tĂ©lĂ©communications. Les rĂ©formes de la rĂ©glementation et l'innovation technologique ont nourri les anticipations de croissance forte du trafic, des recettes et des bĂ©nĂ©fices. Mais finalement, le volume du trafic n'a pas progressĂ© autant qu'on l'espĂ©rait. ConfrontĂ©es Ă de graves difficultĂ©s financiĂšres, les entreprises de tĂ©lĂ©communications ont fortement rĂ©duit leur investissement et elles se sont engagĂ©es dans une politique de restructuration. Cette restructuration n'a eu sur l'Ă©conomie gĂ©nĂ©rale qu'une incidence relativement limitĂ©e, mais ses effets ont Ă©tĂ© particuliĂšrement marquĂ©s en amont, sur les fournisseurs d'Ă©quipements et les entreprises de technologie. La confiance revient maintenant lentement dans le secteur, grĂące aux efforts des entreprises pour renforcer leurs bilans et ...telecommunications, auctions, regulation, bubbles, tĂ©lĂ©communications, bulle, enchĂšres, rĂ©glementation
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