Segurança privada em França

ResPublica : Revista Lusófona de Ciência Política, Segurança e Relações InternacionaisO conceito de segurança, em abstrato, está geralmente relacionado com perigo ou ameaça e com o sentimento de medo. O termo deriva do latim securitas, referindo-se à qualidade daquilo que é seguro, ou seja, àquilo que está ao abrigo de quaisquer perigos, danos ou riscos. De acordo com o art.º L111-1 do Código da Segurança Interna, «[a] segurança é um direito fundamental e uma das condições do exercício das liberdades individuais e coletivas. O Estado tem o dever de garantir a segurança, zelando, em todo o território da República, pela defesa das instituições e dos interesses nacionais, pelo respeito das leis, pela manutenção da paz e da ordem pública, pela proteção das pessoas e dos bens. Ele associa à política de segurança, no quadro de dispositivos locais cuja estrutura é definida por via regulamentar, as coletividades territoriais e os estabelecimentos públicos de cooperação intercomunal, bem como os representantes das profissões, dos serviços e das associações confrontados com manifestações de delinquência ou trabalhando nos domínios da prevenção, da mediação, da luta contra a exclusão ou da ajuda às vítimas» (França, 2017)

The influence of economic complexity processes and renewable energy on CO2 emissions of BRICS. What about industry 4.0?

This study analyses the relationship between carbon dioxide emissions per capita, the economic complexity index, renewable energy, and inward foreign direct investment using panel data for the BRICS countries from 1995 to 2020. Empirical results confirm that the environmental Kuznets curve is fulfilled, with a positive but decreasing contribution of economic development on environmental deterioration, to the point that neutrality on CO2 emissions can be achieved in the long term. In addition, the results confirm, in this case, the Pollution Haven Hypothesis, that is, the set of BRICS economies chooses to apply regulations that do not respect the environment. The results of other econometric studies support this study, pointing to long-run cointegration. The unit root tests and the variance inflation test also point to stationarity at the first difference and a lack of multicollinearity, respectively. Finally, given the scarcity of empirical studies, this study adopts an incipient methodology to approximate the impact of the technologies associated with Industry 4.0 on carbon emissions, obtaining evidence that their effect on environmental deterioration is very moderate. In addition, the results suggest that, in the long term, these technologies can contribute to achieving the neutrality of polluting emissions.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A geotecnia na transição eco-digital das infraestruturas de transporte

O artigo apresenta uma compilação de exemplos nacionais de investigação, desenvolvimento e inovação relacionados com a transição verde e a transformação digital no âmbito da geotecnia nos transportes e associados às terraplenagens, pavimentos e vias-férreas. No âmbito da transição verde, são apresentados exemplos de aplicação de materiais não convencionais e renováveis e de técnicas de estabilização baseadas na ativação alcalina de excedentes industriais. Em relação à transformação digital, são descritos desenvolvimentos com aplicação às terraplenagens, aos pavimentos rodoviários e à via-férrea (morfologia das partículas de agregado de balastro). Os exemplos apresentados no artigo demonstram a capacidade geotécnica que as empresas e as instituições do sistema científico e tecnológico em Portugal têm para o cumprimento das metas estabelecidas para a sustentabilidade e resiliência no setor das infraestruturas de transporte

Testing differences of marine non-indigenous species diversity across Macaronesia using a standardised approach

12 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables.-- Under a Creative Commons licenseThe introduction of non-indigenous species (NIS) induces severe impacts on marine biodiversity and ecosystems. Macaronesia is an ecologically relevant region where several NIS were detected recently. For the first time, a standard experimental approach was designed to examine biofouling assemblages and investigate NIS across the region. In this context, sessile biofouling assemblages were examined in four recreational marinas in all the Macaronesian archipelagos from 2018 to 2020: the Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands, and Cabo Verde. We hypothesised that NIS numbers, abundance, and recruitment differed in each location due to abiotic and biotic features. From the Azores (higher latitudes) to Cabo Verde (lower latitudes), NIS recruitment and percentage cover decreased following a partial latitude gradient. The present study unveiled 25 NIS, with new records for the Azores (two cryptogenic species), Canary Islands (one NIS and two cryptogenic species), and Cabo Verde (three NIS and three cryptogenic species). The present research represents a pioneer and relevant step in advancing our current understanding of marine biological invasions in Macaronesia, employing a standard and low-cost approachNC is funded by a doctoral grant (SFRH/BD/146881/2019) awarded by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT). PR is financed by project MARE - Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente (UIDB/04292/2020). IG is supported financially by a Maria Zambrano contract UCA under the grants call for the requalification of the Spanish university system 2021–2023, funded by the European Union – NextGenerationEU. AC and MP had the support of FEDER funds through the Operational Programme for Competitiveness Factors -COMPETE and by National Funds through FCT under the UID/BIA/50027/2020 and POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006821. JCC is funded by FCT under the Scientific Employment Stimulus - Institutional Call - (CEECINST/00098/2018). This work was partially funded by MIMAR+ (MAC2/4.6.d/249) in the INTERREG MAC 2014-2020 Programme framework. This study had the support of FCT through the strategic project UIDB/04292/2020, awarded to MARE and through project LA/P/0069/2020, granted to the Associate Laboratory ARNET. This is contribution 129 from the Smithsonian's MarineGEO and Tennenbaum Marine Observatories NetworkPeer reviewe

Diversity and patterns of marine non-native species in the archipelagos of Macaronesia

Tiago Marques and Carolina Marques thank partial support by CEAUL (funded by FCT through the project UIDB/00006/2020).Aims The present study is the first attempt to grasp the scale and richness of marine biological invasions in Macaronesia. We pioneered a comprehensive non-native species (NNS), inventory in the region to determine their diversity patterns and native distribution origins. NNS were defined here as the result of both introductions and range expansions. We also used statistical modelling to examine relationships among NNS richness, anthropogenic activities, demographic and geographical variables across Macaronesia. Location Macaronesia. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted for marine NNS records in Macaronesia, registering the first record's location and year from 1884 to 2020. We used univariate and multivariate analyses to evaluate differences and similarities in community composition. By applying a Generalized Linear Model (GLM), we tested hypotheses regarding NNS richness as a function of anthropogenic activities, demographic and geographical variables. Results A total of 144 marine non-native species (NNS) were recorded for the whole of Macaronesia. The highest NNS richness was registered in the Canary Islands (76 NNS), followed by the Azores (66 NNS), Madeira (59 NNS) and finally Cabo Verde (18 NNS). Some differences amongst archipelagos were observed, such as the high number of non-native macroalgae in the Azores, fishes in the Canary Islands and tunicates in Cabo Verde. Overall, macroalgae, tunicates and bryozoans were the predominant taxonomic groups in the Macaronesian archipelagos. Madeira and Canary Islands were the archipelagos with more similarity in marine NNS, and Cabo Verde the most divergent. Finally, GLM suggested that non-native richness patterns across Macaronesia were dependent on the considered archipelago and strongly affected by (1) minimum distance to the mainland, (2) the total number of ports and marinas and (3) total marinas area (km2). Conclusions The model results and NNS listing in the present study will likely raise the awareness and response regarding marine NNS in the whole Macaronesia region, serving as a baseline for future research as well as implementing and enforcing regulations related to the introduction of marine NNS in oceanic islands.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Marine algal flora of Santa Maria Island, Azores

Este artículo contiene 41 páginas, 4 tablas, 15 figuras.Background The algal flora of the Island of Santa Maria (eastern group of the Azores archipelago) has attracted interest of researchers on past occasions (Drouët 1866, Agardh 1870, Trelease 1897, Schmidt 1931, Ardré et al. 1974, Fralick and Hehre 1990, Neto et al. 1991, Morton and Britton 2000, Amen et al. 2005, Wallenstein and Neto 2006, Tittley et al. 2009,Wallenstein et al. 2009a, Wallenstein et al. 2010, Botelho et al. 2010, Torres et al. 2010, León-Cisneros et al. 2011, Martins et al. 2014, Micael et al. 2014, Rebelo et al. 2014, Ávila et al. 2015, Ávila et al. 2016, Machín-Sánchez et al. 2016, Uchman et al. 2016, Johnson et al. 2017, Parente et al. 2018). Nevertheless, the Island macroalgal flora is not well-known as published information reflects limited collections obtained in short-term visits by scientists. To overcome this, a thorough investigation, encompassing collections and presence data recording, was undertaken at both the littoral and sublittoral levels down to a depth of approximately 40 m, covering an area of approximately 64 km . The resultant taxonomic records are listed in the present paper which also provides information on species ecology and occurrence around the Island, improving, thereby, the knowledge of the Azorean macroalgal flora at both local and regional scales. New information A total of 2329 specimens (including some taxa identified only to genus level) belonging to 261 taxa of macroalgae are registered, comprising 152 Rhodophyta, 43 Chlorophyta and 66 Ochrophyta (Phaeophyceae). Of these, 174 were identified to species level (102 Rhodophyta, 29 Chlorophyta and 43 Ochrophyta), encompassing 52 new records for the Island (30 Rhodophyta, 9 Chlorophyta and 13 Ochrophyta), 2 Macaronesian endemics (Laurencia viridis Gil-Rodríguez & Haroun; and Millerella tinerfensis (Seoane-Camba) S.M.Boo & J.M.Rico), 10 introduced (the Rhodophyta Acrothamnion preissii (Sonder) E.M.Wollaston, Antithamnion hubbsii E.Y.Dawson, Asparagopsis armata Harvey, Bonnemaisonia hamifera Hariot, Melanothamnus harveyi (Bailey) Díaz-Tapia & Maggs, Scinaia acuta M.J.Wynne and Symphyocladia marchantioides (Harvey) Falkenberg; the Chlorophyta Codium fragile subsp. fragile (Suringar) Hariot; and the Ochrophyta Hydroclathrus tilesii (Endlicher) Santiañez & M.J.Wynne, and Papenfussiella kuromo (Yendo) Inagaki) and 18 species of uncertain status (11 Rhodophyta, 3 Chlorophyta and 4 Ochrophyta).This research was supported by several projects, expeditions and campaigns (see Funding above) and lately by the project “ACORES-01-0145-FEDER-000072” funded the Operational Programme Azores 2020 (85% ERDF and 15% regional funds).Manuela I. Parente was supported by a postdoctoral grant (SFRH/BPD/34246/2006) awarded by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT). Eva Cacabelos was supported by a postdoctoral grant (Project M1420-09-5369-FSE-000001) from ARDITI (Regional Agency for Development of Research, Technology and Innovation of Madeira). Afonso C.L. Prestes was supported by a PhD grant (M3.1.a/F/083/2015) awarded by Fundo Regional da Ciência e Tecnologia (FRCT). Rita F. Patarra was supported by a Science and Technology Management Fellowship grant (SFRH/BGCT/135478/2018) awarded by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, IP.Peer reviewe

Marine algal flora of São Miguel Island, Azores

Este artículo contiene 52 páginas, 4 tablas, 15 figuras.Background The macroalgal flora of the Island of São Miguel (eastern group of the Azores Archipelago) has attracted the interest of many researchers in the past, the first publications going back to the nineteenth century. Initial studies were mainly taxonomic, resulting in the publication of a checklist of the Azorean benthic marine algae. Later, the establishment of the University of the Azores on the Island permitted the logistic conditions to develop both temporal studies and long-term research and this resulted in a significant increase on research directed at the benthic marine algae and littoral communities of the Island and consequent publications. Prior to the present paper, the known macroalgal flora of São Miguel Island comprised around 260 species. Despite this richness, a significant amount of the research was never made public, notably Masters and PhD theses encompassing information regarding presence data recorded at littoral and sublittoral levels down to a depth of approximately 40 m around the Island and the many collections made, which resulted in vouchers deposited in the AZB Herbarium Ruy Telles Palhinha and the LSM- Molecular Systematics Laboratory at the Faculty of Sciences and Technology of the University of the Azores. The present publication lists the macroalgal taxonomic records, together with information on their ecology and occurrence around São Miguel Island, improving the knowledge of the Azorean macroalgal flora at local and regional scales. New information A total of 12,781 specimens (including some identified only to genus) belonging to 431 taxa of macroalgae are registered, comprising 284 Rhodophyta, 59 Chlorophyta and 88 Ochrophyta (Phaeophyceae). Of these, 323 were identified to species level (212 Rhodophyta, 48 Chlorophyta and 63 Ochrophyta), of which 61 are new records for the Island (42 Rhodophyta, 9 Chlorophyta and 10 Ochrophyta), one an Azorean endemic (Predaea feldmannii subsp. azorica Gabriel), five are Macaronesian endemisms (the red algae Botryocladia macaronesica Afonso-Carrillo, Sobrino, Tittley & Neto, Laurencia viridis Gil-Rodríguez & Haroun, Millerella tinerfensis (Seoane-Camba) S.M.Boo & J.M.Rico, Phyllophora gelidioides P.Crouan & H.Crouan ex Karsakoff and the green alga Codium elisabethiae O.C.Schmidt), 19 are introduced species (15 Rhodophyta, two Chlorophyta and two Ochrophyta) and 32 are of uncertain status (21 Rhodophyta, five Chlorophyta and six Ochrophyta).This research was supported by several projects, expeditions and campaigns (see Funding above) and lately by the project “ACORES-01-0145-FEDER-000072” funded the Operational Programme Azores 2020 (85% ERDF and 15% regional funds). Thanks are due to the campaign teams for their critical involvement in this project (Abel Sentíes, Aina del Alcázar, Ana Alfaya, Ana Belén Villalba Lapeña, Ana Santos, Ana Sofia Carreiro, André Amaral, Andrea Tracana, Ane Laborda, Anna Lloveras Armengol, António Brigos Plafon, Berta Solé Nadal, Camille Fontaine, Carlos Rius, Carles Mir, Caroline Terral, Catarina Santos, Cláudia Hipólito, Daniela Gabriel, Edward Hehre, Emanuel Xavier, Eduardo García, Enrique Almira, Esteban Belles, Eunice Nogueira, Fátima Vaz Pinto, Francisco Wallenstein, Gustavo M Martins, Heather Baldwin, Isadora Moniz, Jana Verdura, Joana Pombo, João Brum, João Faria Santos, João Ferreira, Laura Busquier, Marco Enoch, Maria Ana Dionísio, Maria Machín-Sánchez, Maria Vale, Marlene Terra, Mónica Martínez, Mutue Toyota Fujii, Patrícia Madeira, Pedro Raposeiro, Richard Fralick, Richard Thompson, Rocío Sánchez, Ruben Couto, Rubén Mosquera, Rui Sousa, Sara Peres, Tarso Costa, Tito Silva, Valeria Cassano, Virginie Leyendecker). Edgar Rosas Alquicira and Karla León Cisneros were supported by the Programme AlBan, the European Union Programme of High Level Scholarships for Latin America (through scholarships E05D060221MX and E05D060520MX), “Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología” (doctoral scholarships 176162 and 157904) and the UNAMUNO Programme of PhD Scholarships for Europe. Eva Cacabelos was supported by a postdoctoral grant (Project M1420-09-5369-FSE-000002) from ARDITI (Regional Agency for Development of Research, Technology and Innovation of Madeira). Andrea Z. Botelho was supported by a PhD grant (M3.1.a/F/083/2015), awarded by Fundo Regional da Ciência e Tecnologia (FRCT). Afonso C.L. Prestes was supported by a PhD grant (M3.1.a/F/083/2015), awarded by Fundo Regional da Ciência e Tecnologia (FRCT). Rita F. Patarra was supported by a Science and Technology Management Fellowship grant (SFRH/BGCT/135478/2018), awarded by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT I.P.). Manuela I. Parente was supported by a Postdoc grant (SFRH/BPD/34246/2006), awarded by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT).Peer reviewe

Uric acid and cardiovascular disease

O interesse no ácido úrico como um potencial factor de risco de Doença Cardiovascular é abordado em inúmeros artigos de revisão. Parece não haver dúvidas que o ácido úrico é um factor de risco cardiovascular, ideia essa que persiste desde há 50 anos. Contudo, a questão central não é a sua associação com Doença Cardiovascular, mas se desempenha um papel causal no desenvolvimento de Doença Cardiovascular. Tem sido difícil identifi car o papel específi co da hiperuricémia devido à sua associação com outros factores de risco cardiovascular, já estabelecidos, como Hipertensão, Diabetes Mellitus, Dislipidémia e Obesidade. Um melhor conhecimento dos mecanismos patogénicos da hiperuricémia poderão esclarecer a importância da elevação dos valores séricos de ácido úrico.The interest in serum uric acid as a potential Cardiovascular Disease risk factor has balloned in the last several years with numerous review articles. There seems little doubt that serum uric acid is a risk factor for Cardiovascular Disease, a perception that has persisted for nearly 50 years. However, the central issue is not whether uric acid is associated with Cardiovascular Disease, but whether uric acid plays a causal role in the development of Cardiovascular Disease. It has been diffi cult to identify the specifi c role of elevated serum uric acid because of its association with established cardiovascular risk factors such as Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, Hyperlipidaemia and Obesity. Increased understanding of the mechanisms underlying these associations may allow a clearer interpretation of the importance of elevated serum uric acid concentration

Liver biopsy – evolution in recent cases

Os A.A. estudaram os resultados das biopsias hepáticas efectuadas no seu Serviço, com o objectivo de avaliar a evolução da prática relacionada com a sua realização. Identificaram as biopsias hepáticas realizadas nos Serviços de Medicina II, desde 1989 a 2001, na base de dados do Hospital, através da pesquisa no procedimento 50.11 (CID-9). Obtiveram assim um total de 610 biopsias no período considerado. Avaliaram com mais pormenor duas populações, uma constituída pelos episódios de 1991/ 1992 (n=66) – grupo A, confrontando-a com a de 2000/2001 (n=106) - grupo B. Após o levantamento dos processos clínicos, consideraram para estudo 48 doentes no grupo A (72,7 %) e 85 no grupo B (80,2 %), sendo os restantes excluídos por insuficiência de dados. Nestes grupos foram avaliados vários parâmetros clínicos e laboratoriais, sendo efectuadas comparações entre os grupos. Dos resultados, os A.A. destacam e comentam o aumento significativo de biopsias programadas em relação às executadas em doentes já internados, no grupo mais recente, e um maior número total e percentual de casos em que se optou pela alta no dia da execução do exame. O advento da radiologia de intervenção também se fez sentir neste trabalho, pela realização de biopsias guiadas por tomografia axial computorizada (TAC) em 12 % dos casos no segundo grupo, técnica inexistente no primeiro. Nas indicações, houve diminuição do peso da avaliação para diagnóstico/estadiamento de doença hepática alcoólica, enquanto se verificou aumento das biopsias para avaliação de alterações isoladas dos enzimas hepáticos, de massas hepáticas e no contexto do pré e pós-transplante hepático. Como diagnósticos estabelecidos com a ajuda desta técnica, destacamos a prevalência da esteato-hepatite não alcoólica no grupo mais recente.The A.A. analysed the results of liver biopsies performed in their Services, with the purpose of evaluating the evolution of the practice related to the performance of the diagnostic procedure. The liver biopsies performed in the Medicina 2 Services, from 1989 to 2001, were analysed. The procedure was identified in the Hospital data base using the code 50.11 (CID-9). There were 610 liver biopsies registered during the study period. Two populations were evaluated in greater detail. One comprising the cases from 1991/1992 (n=66) – group A -, comparing it with the second group from 2000/2001 (n=106) – group B. Several clinical and laboratorial parameters were analyzed in 48 patients in group A (72, 7 %) and 85 in group B (80, 2 %). From the results obtained, the authors point out and comment on the significant rise in programmed liver biopsies compared to those performed in inpatients, in the most recent group(B) and a larger number of cases that were discharged the same day of the procedure. The advent of interventional radiology was also noted in this paper; the performance of CAT scan guided liver biopsies in 12 % of the episodes in group B, as compared to none in group A. Where indications were respected, there were less procedures for diagnosis / staging of alcoholic liver disease and more to evaluate isolated altered liver enzymes, liver masses and control of pre and post hepatic transplant. From the diagnosis established with the aid of this technique, the authors highlight the prevalence of non alcoholic steatohepatitis in the most recent group

A moderna diferença: studies in identity

Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologi