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GOSIP overview
The U.S. Federal Government has mandated use of the International Standards Organization`s Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) protocols throughout all federal computer network services and products. A Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) was adopted February 15, 1989 and enforcement began August 15, 1990. This FIPS describes, in publication 146, national policy mandating use of a functional profile of OSI approved protocols relevant to the federal government. Law requires all federal agencies purchasing network services and products to specify the Government OSI Profile, called GOSIP. This standard is compulsory and binding for all procurements of new networking products and services and for major upgrades to existing computer networks. This paper provides a discussion of GOSIP
People of the State of Illinois vs. John Gacy: The Functioning of the Insanity Defense at the Limits of the Criminal Law
Potentiation rather than distraction in a trace fear conditioning procedure
Trace conditioning procedures are defined by the introduction of a trace interval between conditioned stimulus (CS, e.g. noise or light) offset and unconditioned stimulus (US, e.g. footshock). The introduction of an additional stimulus as a distractor has been suggested to increase the attentional demands of the task and to extend the usefulness of the behavioural model. In Experiment 1, the CS was noise and the distractor was provided by an intermittent light. In Experiment 2, the CS was light and the distractor was provided by an intermittent noise. In both experiments, the introduction of a 10s trace interval weakened associative learning compared with that seen in a 0s delay conditioned group. However, there was no consistent evidence of distraction. On the contrary, in Experiment 1, associative learning was stronger (in both trace and delay conditioned groups) for rats conditioned also in the presence of the intermittent light. In Experiment 2, there was no such effect when the roles of the stimuli were reversed. The results of Experiment 2 did however confirm the particular salience of the noise stimulus. The finding of increased associative learning dependent on salience is consistent with arousal-mediated effects on associative learning
Quasiparticle scattering and local density of states in the d-density wave phase
We study the effects of single-impurity scattering on the local density of
states in the high- cuprates. We compare the quasiparticle interference
patterns in three different ordered states: d-wave superconductor (DSC),
d-density wave (DDW), and coexisting DSC and DDW (DSC-DDW). In the coexisting
state, at energies below the DSC gap, the patterns are almost identical to
those in the pure DSC state with the same DSC gap. However, they are
significantly different for energies greater than or equal to the DSC gap. This
transition at an energy around the DSC gap can be used to test the nature of
the superconducting state of the underdoped cuprates by scanning tunneling
microscopy. Furthermore, we note that in the DDW state the effect of the
coherence factors is stronger than in the DSC state. The new features arising
due to DDW ordering are discussed.Comment: 6 page, 5 figures (Higher resolution figures are available by
request
Intraperitoneal sertraline and fluvoxamine increase contextual fear conditioning but are without effect on overshadowing between cues
Treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) can reduce contextual conditioning. Since contexts present a variety of potentially competing cues, impaired overshadowing may provide an account of such effects. The present study therefore compared the effects of two SSRIs on overshadowing and contextual conditioning, testing suppression of an ongoing behavioral response (licking) by cues previously paired with foot shock. Conditioning to a 5s light stimulus was reduced when this was presented in compound with a 5s noise, thus overshadowing was demonstrated. In two experiments, this overshadowing was unaffected by treatment with either sertraline or fluvoxamine. However, unconditioned suppression to the noise (tested in the control group previously conditioned to the light alone) was reduced after sertraline (10mg/kg, i.p.). The successful demonstration of overshadowing required the use of a second conditioning session or an additional conditioning trial within the same conditioning session. Neither weak nor strong overshadowing (of the light by the tone) was affected by any drug treatment. Moreover, counter to prediction, conditioning to contextual cues was increased rather than impaired by treatment with sertraline (10mg/kg, i.p.) and fluvoxamine (30mg/kg, i.p.)
Structural, Electronic, and Magnetic Properties of MnO
We calculate the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of MnO from
first principles, using the full-potential linearized augmented planewave
method, with both local-density and generalized-gradient approximations to
exchange and correlation. We find the ground state to be of rhombohedrally
distorted B1 structure with compression along the [111] direction,
antiferromagnetic with type-II ordering, and insulating, consistent with
experiment. We show that the distortion can be understood in terms of a
Heisenberg model with distance dependent nearest-neighbor and
next-nearest-neighbor couplings determined from first principles. Finally, we
show that magnetic ordering can induce significant charge anisotropy, and give
predictions for electric field gradients in the ground-state rhombohedrally
distorted structure.Comment: Submitted to Physical Review B. Replaced: regenerated figures to
resolve font problems in automatically generated pd
The dopamine D1 receptor agonist SKF81297 has dose-related effects on locomotor activity but is without effect in a CER trace conditioning procedure conducted with two versus four trials
In an appetitively motivated procedure, we have previously reported that systemic treatment with the dopamine (DA) D1 receptor agonist SKF81297 (0.4 and 0.8 mg/kg) depressed acquisition at a 2s inter-stimulus-interval (ISI), suitable to detect trace conditioning impairment. However since DA is involved in reinforcement processes, the generality of effects across appetitively- and aversively-motivated trace conditioning procedures cannot be assumed. The present study tested the effects of SKF81297 (0.4 and 0.8 mg/kg) in an established conditioned emotional response (CER) procedure. Trace-dependent conditioning was clearly shown in two experiments: while conditioning was relatively strong at a 3-s ISI, it was attenuated at a 30-s ISI. This was shown after two (Experiment 1) or four (Experiment 2) conditioning trials conducted in - as far as possible - the same CER procedure. Contrary to prediction, in neither experiment was there any indication that trace conditioning was attenuated by treatment with 0.4 or 0.8 mg/kg SKF81297. In the same rats, locomotor activity was significantly enhanced at the 0.8 mg/kg dose of SKF81297. These results suggest that procedural details of the trace conditioning variant in use are an important determinant of the profile of dopaminergic modulation
Deterministically Driven Avalanche Models of Solar Flares
We develop and discuss the properties of a new class of lattice-based
avalanche models of solar flares. These models are readily amenable to a
relatively unambiguous physical interpretation in terms of slow twisting of a
coronal loop. They share similarities with other avalanche models, such as the
classical stick--slip self-organized critical model of earthquakes, in that
they are driven globally by a fully deterministic energy loading process. The
model design leads to a systematic deficit of small scale avalanches. In some
portions of model space, mid-size and large avalanching behavior is scale-free,
being characterized by event size distributions that have the form of
power-laws with index values, which, in some parameter regimes, compare
favorably to those inferred from solar EUV and X-ray flare data. For models
using conservative or near-conservative redistribution rules, a population of
large, quasiperiodic avalanches can also appear. Although without direct
counterparts in the observational global statistics of flare energy release,
this latter behavior may be relevant to recurrent flaring in individual coronal
loops. This class of models could provide a basis for the prediction of large
solar flares.Comment: 24 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in Solar
Physic
Effects of dopamine D1 modulation of the anterior cingulate cortex in a fear conditioning procedure
The anterior cingulate cortex (AC) component of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been implicated in attention and working memory as measured by trace conditioning. Since dopamine (DA) is a key modulator of mPFC function, the present study evaluated the role of DA receptor agents in rat AC, using trace fear conditioning. A conditioned stimulus (CS, noise) was followed by an unconditioned stimulus (US, shock) with or without a 10s trace interval interposed between these events in a between-subjects design. Conditioned suppression of drinking was assessed in response to presentation of the CS or an experimental background stimulus (flashing lights, previously presented for the duration of the conditioning session). The selective D1 agonist SKF81297 (0.05 µg/side) or D1 antagonist SCH23390 (0.5 µg/side) was administered by intra-cerebral microinfusion directly into AC. It was predicted that either of these manipulations should be sufficient to impair trace (but not delay) conditioning. Counter to expectation, there was no effect of DA D1 modulation on trace conditioning as measured by suppression to the noise CS. However, rats infused with SKF81297 acquired stronger conditioned suppression to the experimental background stimulus than those infused with SCH23390 or saline. Thus, the DA D1 agonist SKF81297 increased conditioned suppression to the contextual background light stimulus but was otherwise without effect on fear conditioning
Pinned Balseiro-Falicov Model of Tunneling and Photoemission in the Cuprates
The smooth evolution of the tunneling gap of Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_8 with doping
from a pseudogap state in the underdoped cuprates to a superconducting state at
optimal and overdoping, has been interpreted as evidence that the pseudogap
must be due to precursor pairing. We suggest an alternative explanation, that
the smoothness reflects a hidden SO(N) symmetry near the (pi,0) points of the
Brillouin zone (with N = 3, 4, 5, or 6). Because of this symmetry, the
pseudogap could actually be due to any of a number of nesting instabilities,
including charge or spin density waves or more exotic phases. We present a
detailed analysis of this competition for one particular model: the pinned
Balseiro-Falicov model of competing charge density wave and (s-wave)
superconductivity. We show that most of the anomalous features of both
tunneling and photoemission follow naturally from the model, including the
smooth crossover, the general shape of the pseudogap phase diagram, the
shrinking Fermi surface of the pseudogap phase, and the asymmetry of the
tunneling gap away from optimal doping. Below T_c, the sharp peak at Delta_1
and the dip seen in the tunneling and photoemission near 2Delta_1 cannot be
described in detail by this model, but we suggest a simple generalization to
account for inhomogeneity, which does provide an adequate description. We show
that it should be possible, with a combination of photoemission and tunneling,
to demonstrate the extent of pinning of the Fermi level to the Van Hove
singularity. A preliminary analysis of the data suggests pinning in the
underdoped, but not in the overdoped regime.Comment: 18 pages LaTeX, 26 ps. figure
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