Crecimiento del sector camaronero con apertura de nuevos mercados período 2008-2015

TributaciónEn el presente trabajo de investigación, se aborda la situación de la industria camaronera partiendo desde una perspectiva global en diferentes países, sus sistemas productivos, características e influencia en la producción mundial, los diferentes tipos de camarón y sus especificaciones, el consumo mundial, los principales mercados, clientes y productos que se demandan en cada país, hasta llegar al análisis de la producción camaronera ecuatoriana, principal productor de América Latina. Ecuador tuvo sus inicios en la acuacultura y en la actividad camaronera en los años 70 y tuvo su impacto en la economía ecuatoriana especialmente desde los años 2008 al 2015, de manera precisa desde el 2012, donde se presenta el boom camaronero en todos sus diferentes eslabones gracias a la aparición de países como China y su importante demanda hacia el camarón ecuatoriano, como consecuencia del virus EMS (Early mortality síndrome) que afectó dramáticamente la producción china, incluso de algunos países de América Latina. Se concluye como resultado la oportunidad que se presentó para el sector camaronero ecuatoriano, quien reaccionó inmediatamente adaptando sus sistemas productivos para aprovechar esos niveles significativos de la demanda china. No obstante, se señala la amenaza que representa para Ecuador, la recuperación de la industria china, misma que remonta sus niveles de producción gracias a un mejor control del letal virus; por lo que, Ecuador revisa las acciones a implementar para reforzar las fortalezas y superar las debilidades de esta importante industria, en un entorno mundial cada vez más competitivo.In this paper special qualifications, the situation of the shrimp industry starting from a global perspective in different countries, their production systems, characteristics and influence in world production, different types of shrimp and specifications, world consumption is addressed, major markets, customers and products that are in demand in each country, until the analysis of Ecuadorian shrimp production, the main producer in Latin America. Ecuador had its beginnings in aquaculture and shrimp farming activities in the 70s and had its impact on the Ecuadorian economy especially since the years 2008 to 2015, precisely since 2012, where the shrimp boom comes in all different links thanks to the emergence of countries like China and strong demand towards the Ecuadorian shrimp as a result of virus EMS (Early mortality syndrome) that dramatically affected the Chinese production, even some Latin American countries. It is concluded as a result the opportunity was presented to the Ecuadorian shrimp industry, who reacted immediately by adapting their production systems to take advantage of these significant levels of Chinese demand. However, the threat posed to Ecuador recovery of Chinese industry, same as traces its production levels thanks to better control the deadly virus states; so, Ecuador reviews the actions to be implemented to reinforce the strengths and overcome the weaknesses of this important industry in a global environment increasingly competitiv

Predictors of Response to Exclusive Enteral Nutrition in Newly Diagnosed Crohn´s Disease in Children: PRESENCE Study from SEGHNP

Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) has been shown to be more effective than corticosteroids in achieving mucosal healing in children with Crohn´s disease (CD) without the adverse effects of these drugs. The aims of this study were to determine the efficacy of EEN in terms of inducing clinical remission in children newly diagnosed with CD, to describe the predictive factors of response to EEN and the need for treatment with biological agents during the first 12 months of the disease. We conducted an observational retrospective multicentre study that included paediatric patients newly diagnosed with CD between 2014–2016 who underwent EEN. Two hundred and twenty-two patients (140 males) from 35 paediatric centres were included, with a mean age at diagnosis of 11.6 ± 2.5 years. The median EEN duration was 8 weeks (IQR 6.6–8.5), and 184 of the patients (83%) achieved clinical remission (weighted paediatric Crohn’s Disease activity index [wPCDAI] 15 mg/L and ileal involvement tended to respond better to EEN. EEN administered for 6–8 weeks is effective for inducing clinical remission. Due to the high response rate in our series, EEN should be used as the first-line therapy in luminal paediatric Crohn’s disease regardless of the location of disease and disease activityS

Clinical manifestations of intermediate allele carriers in Huntington disease

Objective: There is controversy about the clinical consequences of intermediate alleles (IAs) in Huntington disease (HD). The main objective of this study was to establish the clinical manifestations of IA carriers for a prospective, international, European HD registry. Methods: We assessed a cohort of participants at risk with <36 CAG repeats of the huntingtin (HTT) gene. Outcome measures were the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) motor, cognitive, and behavior domains, Total Functional Capacity (TFC), and quality of life (Short Form-36 [SF-36]). This cohort was subdivided into IA carriers (27-35 CAG) and controls (<27 CAG) and younger vs older participants. IA carriers and controls were compared for sociodemographic, environmental, and outcome measures. We used regression analysis to estimate the association of age and CAG repeats on the UHDRS scores. Results: Of 12,190 participants, 657 (5.38%) with <36 CAG repeats were identified: 76 IA carriers (11.56%) and 581 controls (88.44%). After correcting for multiple comparisons, at baseline, we found no significant differences between IA carriers and controls for total UHDRS motor, SF-36, behavioral, cognitive, or TFC scores. However, older participants with IAs had higher chorea scores compared to controls (p 0.001). Linear regression analysis showed that aging was the most contributing factor to increased UHDRS motor scores (p 0.002). On the other hand, 1-year follow-up data analysis showed IA carriers had greater cognitive decline compared to controls (p 0.002). Conclusions: Although aging worsened the UHDRS scores independently of the genetic status, IAs might confer a late-onset abnormal motor and cognitive phenotype. These results might have important implications for genetic counseling. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01590589

Clinical and genetic characteristics of late-onset Huntington's disease

Background: The frequency of late-onset Huntington's disease (&gt;59 years) is assumed to be low and the clinical course milder. However, previous literature on late-onset disease is scarce and inconclusive. Objective: Our aim is to study clinical characteristics of late-onset compared to common-onset HD patients in a large cohort of HD patients from the Registry database. Methods: Participants with late- and common-onset (30–50 years)were compared for first clinical symptoms, disease progression, CAG repeat size and family history. Participants with a missing CAG repeat size, a repeat size of ≤35 or a UHDRS motor score of ≤5 were excluded. Results: Of 6007 eligible participants, 687 had late-onset (11.4%) and 3216 (53.5%) common-onset HD. Late-onset (n = 577) had significantly more gait and balance problems as first symptom compared to common-onset (n = 2408) (P &lt;.001). Overall motor and cognitive performance (P &lt;.001) were worse, however only disease motor progression was slower (coefficient, −0.58; SE 0.16; P &lt;.001) compared to the common-onset group. Repeat size was significantly lower in the late-onset (n = 40.8; SD 1.6) compared to common-onset (n = 44.4; SD 2.8) (P &lt;.001). Fewer late-onset patients (n = 451) had a positive family history compared to common-onset (n = 2940) (P &lt;.001). Conclusions: Late-onset patients present more frequently with gait and balance problems as first symptom, and disease progression is not milder compared to common-onset HD patients apart from motor progression. The family history is likely to be negative, which might make diagnosing HD more difficult in this population. However, the balance and gait problems might be helpful in diagnosing HD in elderly patients