Eficacia de dos esquemas iniciales de tratamiento antirretroviral en pacientes con infección por VIH : Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Lima 1999-2006

Objetivo: Describir la experiencia con dos esquemas de antirretrovirales utilizados para iniciar el tratamiento en pacientes con infección por VIH, atendidos en el HNERM durante el periodo Junio 1999 – Junio 2006. Material y Metodos: Estudio descriptivo, analítico, de cohorte retrospectivo. Resultados: 476 cumplieron los criterios de selección. 300 (63%) recibieron esquemas con IP y 176 (36.9%) esquemas con NNRTI. En el grupo con IP, 23 (52.2%) de los que tenían antecedente de uso de AZT y 118 (55.1%) del grupo que no tenía este antecedente y en el grupo que recibió NNRTI, 124 (86.1%) alcanzaron el rango de ¨no detectable¨. 94.2% incrementaron sus recuentos de células CD4 en algún grado. 72.6% mantuvieron su esquema inicial, 10.48% tuvieron que cambiar una droga debido a efectos adversos, y 22.5% cambiaron de esquema debido predominantemente a fracaso. Conclusión: Un porcentaje mayor de pacientes que utilizaron esquemas con inhibidores no nucleósidos de la transcriptasa inversa (NNRTI), lograron niveles no detectables de carga viral en relación con los que usaron esquemas con IP. Palabras Claves: Antirretrovirales, Zidovudina, Efavirenz, Inhibidores de Proteasa, Inhibidores de la Transcriptasa Inversa.Tesis de segunda especialida

Reductions and symmetries for a generalized Fisher equation with a diffusion term dependent on density and space

In this work, a generalized Fisher equation with a space–density diffusion term is analyzed by applying the theory of symmetry reductions for partial differential equations. The study of this equation is relevant in terms of its applicability in cell dynamics and tumor invasion. Therefore, classical Lie symmetries admitted by the equation are determined. In addition, by using the multipliers method, we derive some nontrivial conservation laws for this equation. Finally we obtain a direct reduction of order of the ordinary differential equations associated and a particular solution

Carbon allocation dynamics one decade after afforestation with Pinus radiata D. Don and Betula alba L. under two stand densities in NW Spain

Silvopastoral systems can contribute to the mitigation of climate change by functioning as sinks for greenhouse gases better than exclusively agricultural systems. Tree species, density, and an adequate management of the pasture carrying capacity contribute to the capacity of carbon sequestration. In this study, the capacities for carbon sequestration in silvopastoral systems that were established with two different forest species (Pinus radiata D. Don and Betula alba L.) and at two distinct densities (833 and 2500 trees ha−1) were evaluated. Tree, litterfall, pasture and soil carbon storage determinations were carried out to deliver carbon sequestration in the different pools within the first 11 years of a plantation establishment. The results show that the global capacity for carbon sequestration in silvopastoral systems with pine canopy was higher than with birch cover. Independently of the forest species, the capacity for carbon sequestration increased when the systems were established at higher plantation densities. There were found strong differences in the relative proportions of carbon in each component of the system (litterfall, tree, pasture and soil). The soil component was found to be most important in the case of the broadleaf forest established at low density. The establishment of a silvopastoral system enhanced soil carbon storage, since afforestation was carried out, which results in a more enduring storage capacity compared with treeless areas.Spanish Ministry and Xunta de Galici

Participative and transversal projects as a learning base for acquiring a critical and socially responsible view of communication

El proyecto utiliza la metodología Investigación Acción para poner en marcha una campaña de comunicación real y analizar simultáneamente la motivación y percepciones de los alumnos participantes. La razón de ser de la iniciativa es explorar fórmulas para implicar a los estudiantes en los procesos de creación de conocimiento y enseñarles una visión socialmente responsable y crítica de la comunicación, además de ofrecerles una oportunidad de mejorar su CV mediante una experiencia profesional en colaboración con profesionales de la agencia y del cliente, expertos en salud y nutrición y profesores.The project applies the methodology of Action Research in order to carry out a real communication campaign and simultaneously, analyze the motivations and perceptions of the partaking students. The reason why is to explore new formulas for involving students in the process of generating knowledge and teaching them a socially responsible and critical point of view of communication, as well as to offer them an opportunity to complete their CV with a work experience in collaboration with specialized staff from the agency and client, health and nutrition experts as well as university lecturers

From the economic to the social contribution of the Social Economy. Monetary assessment of the social value created for the Spanish economy

The role of the Social Economy (SE) in society is increasingly acknowledged by social agents and institutions, especially in the context of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Commitment to SE requires the support of quantitative measurement of its contribution to society from an aggregate perspective. The difficulty in specifying it in quantitative terms is related to the assessment of the contribution of SE?s differentiating and intrinsic values. These values contribute to the fight against some structural problems that persist in modern society in terms of unemployment, inequality, territorial imbalance, environmental problems and social exclusion that surpass the economic sphere and involve the contribution to social goals, social utility and social and territorial cohesion. Our objective is an assessment in quantitative terms, including an estimation, in monetary terms, of the specific contribution of Social Market Economy (SMkE) firms to society linked to their distinctive principles, and thus their behaviour, in comparison to traditional profit-oriented firms, used as a control group. We use impact analysis techniques, with a simulation exercise, by which SMkE entities ?lose? their identity and behave like profit-oriented firms. The results obtained for Spain confirm the existence of differential behaviour that generates social value in several ways. In monetary terms, in 2017, SMkEs contributed 6,229 million Euros in benefits to Spanish society that would have been lost if SMkE entities had behaved like profit-oriented firms

Obtaining of the essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum, identification of eugenol and its effect on Streptococcus mutans.

Dental caries is a disease of the oral cavity in humans. Currently seeking active principles of plants with antimicrobial effect represents a promise in Dental Therapy. This study evaluated the activity of the essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum (clove) with emphasis on its antimicrobial property. The oil was obtained by hydrodistillation, characterized by thin layer chromatography and chemical tests. The major compound was identified in the oil obtained from the flower buds and their antibacterial activity was evaluated against planktonic cells Streptcoccus mutans ATCC (700,611) performed serial dilutions; from 15 to 1000μg / mL and compared with 0.12% chlorhexidine and dimethylsulfoxide also the MIC was determined. Subsequently, the UFC was analyzed and compared with the Test CMR® Ivoclar Vivadent. The efficiency of oil extraction was 2.20%. CCD technique by the disclosed UV fraction corresponding to eugenol was identified. He had a good response to flavonoids and triterpenes. He showed greater antimicrobial activity at concentrations of 1000, 500 and 250 μg/mL. The MIC and MBC of the oil was 125 and 250 µg/mL respectively. The presence of eugenol as an active ingredient in the oil obtained was checked. Projection currently use of plant extracts has led to the evaluation of biocompatible for use in the formulations for oral hygiene products applied to the prevention or treatment of oral diseases, effective and alternative antibacterial agents.Keywords: eugenol, Streptococcus mutans, Syzygium aromaticum, antimicrobial, minimum inhibitory concentration.Obtención del aceite esencial de Syzygium aromaticum, identificación del eugenol y su efecto sobre Streptococus mutans.La caries dental es una enfermedad que afecta la cavidad oral en los humanos. Actualmente la búsqueda de principios activos de plantas con efecto antimicrobiano representa una promesa en la terapia Odontológica. El presente trabajo, evaluó la actividad, del aceite esencial de Syzygium aromaticum (clavo) con énfasis en su propiedad antimicrobiana. El aceite fue obtenido por hidrodestilación, caracterizado por cromatografía en capa delgada y pruebas químicas. Se identificó el compuesto principal en el aceite obtenido de los botones florales y se evaluó su actividad antibacteriana contra células plantónicas de Streptcoccus mutans ATCC (700611) realizándose diluciones seriadas; desde 15 hasta 1000µg/mL, comparándose con clorhexidina al 0.12% y dimetilsulfóxido, además se determinó la CMI. Posteriormente, se analizó las UFC, comparándose con el Test CMR® ivoclar vivadent. La eficiencia en la obtención del aceite fue de 2.20%. Por la técnica de CCD se identificó una fracción al revelado UV, correspondiente al eugenol. Presentó respuesta positiva para flavonoides y triterpenos. Mostró mayor actividad antimicrobiana a las concentraciones de 1000, 500 y 250 µg/mL. La CMI y CMB del aceite, resultó a 125 y 250 µg/mL respectivamente. Se comprobó la presencia del eugenol como principio activo en el aceite obtenido.  Actualmente la proyección del uso de extractos de plantas ha favorecido la evaluación de agentes antibacterianos alternos, eficaces y biocompatibles para su empleo en las formulaciones de productos de higiene bucal aplicados a la prevención o tratamiento de enfermedades orales.Palabras clave: eugenol, Streptococcus mutans, Syzygium aromaticum, antimicrobiano, concentración mínima inhibitoria

Higiene bucal

La investigación se realizó en el Barrio Villa Antigua 1 y 2 de La Paz, provincia de Mendoza. Para los profesionales de la Salud es muy importante el tema Salud Bucal, teniendo como meta fomentar los buenos hábitos de higiene bucal. Para ello es necesario realizarlo en conjunto con los padres, odontólogos y maestros, ya que los niños se encuentran en edad escolar y de esta manera promover la salud y prevenir futuras complicaciones. Problema: ¿Cuál es el estado de Salud Bucal de los niños de 4 a 15 años y su relación con hábitos y técnicas de higiene bucal, en el Centro De Salud N° 88, Eloy Giménez, Villa Antigua, La Paz, Mendoza en el tercer trimestre de 2017? Objetivos: Determinar el estado actual de salud bucal de la población de estudio y su relación con hábitos y técnicas de higiene bucal. Método: El tipo de estudio utilizado es cuantitativo-descriptivo, el diseño es no experimental transversal y correlacional-causal. El instrumento utilizado fue un cuestionario estructurado de preguntas cerradas y múltiple opción. Resultados: Un 63% de la población en estudio presenta caries (aunque sea unas pocas) y 27% desconoce si las tiene. El 47% concurre al odontólogo pocas veces, por lo que un 75% recibe información solo a veces. A demás el 30% se cepilla solo una vez y el 42% dos veces al día. También existe un alto porcentaje de consumo de golosinas 95%. Conclusión: La Salud Bucal de la población de Villa Antigua es regular. Esto se debe a múltiples factores: no asistir con frecuencia al odontólogo, la mayoría de los niños se cepilla una o dos veces al día, por lo que reciben poca información de la temática, en consecuencia ésta población se encuentra en riesgo de contraer complicaciones buco-dentales.Fil: Núñez, Marisa Marilú.Fil: Roccasalva, María Rosa

On symmetries and conservation laws of a Gardner equation involving arbitrary functions

Mathematics Subject Classification: 35C07, 35Q53In this work we study a generalized variable-coefficient Gardner equation from the point of view of Lie symmetries in partial differential equations. We find conservation laws by using the multipliers method of Anco and Bluman which does not require the use of a variational principle. We also construct conservation laws by using Ibragimov theorem which is based on the concept of adjoint equation for nonlinear differential equations.10 página

Exact solutions through symmetry reductions for a high-grade brain tumor model with response to hypoxia.

Mathematical biology models can simulate cell behavior scenarios, specifically for tumor proliferation. In this paper, we study a continuous model describing the evolution of high-grade gliomas from the point of view of the theory of symmetry reductions in partial differential equations (PDEs). Malignant gliomas are the most frequent and deadly type of brain tumor. Over the last few years, complex mathematical models of cancerous growths have been developed increasingly, especially on solid tumors, in which growth primarily comes from abnormal cellular proliferation. The presented PDE system includes two different cellular phenotypes, depending on their oxygenation level. Furthermore, this mathematical model assumes that both phenotypes differ in migration and proliferation rates. Specifically, it includes the possibility of hypoxic cells diffusing into well-oxygenated areas of a tumor. Our main findings are obtained through the classical symmetries admitted by the proposed system, and transformation groups are used to reduce the PDE system to ordinary differential equations. By these means, we provide not only exact solutions but also capture a 3-dimensional representation of the biological phenomenon. The simulations provided show the relationship between normoxic and hypoxic phenotypes in high-grade gliomas

The games as a pegagogical tool in the improvement of its teaching practice

The objective of the research was to analyze how the game through its various methodological, playful and didactic strategies enable the development of the pedagogical practice developed by teachers of the initial level in the teachinglearning process. The methodology used was centered on the qualitative approach, based on interpreting the meaning of the actions carried out by the teachers using the semi-structured interview technique, whose instrument was the questionnaire based on open questions. The results showed that the teachers managed to improve their work at the pedagogical level and significantly after having been prepared and developing this strategy