Enseñar y aprender a pensar los paisajes urbanos. La percepción urbana en las ciudades

El estudio del paisaje en la educación formal y en la no formal se ha convertido en una necesidad para evitar la degradación del entorno y la pérdida de la diversidad patrimonial, cultural e identidad de los territorios. En estos últimos años y en diferentes ámbitos docentes, se ha desarrollado un notable interés por las posibilidades que brinda el paisaje a la educación, ya que, además de contar con las aportaciones de disciplinas más tradicionales en este ámbito (geografía, historia, geomorfología, hidrología, ecología, etc.), tiene en cuenta las dimensiones perceptiva y social. Así, este trabajo presenta una experiencia que pone de manifiesto la percepción que los estudiantes de Grado en Educación tienen del paisaje de la ciudad donde cursan sus estudios: Ciudad Real. Se centra, por tanto, en la geografía urbana, prestando especial atención a la percepción urbana. Y se compara, además, con la imagen de la ciudad promovida desde la administración local

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial de los escenarios de violencia. Municipios de Córdoba y Sucre

Desde el diplomado de acompañamiento psicosocial en escenarios de violencia, se logró reconocer y observar de manera minuciosa y profunda las diferentes realidades en la que vivimos muchas poblaciones en diferentes territorios de nuestro país, por tanto a través del análisis de cada una de esas realidades, se comprendieron las diferentes problemáticas sociales que trae consigo la violencia, todo esto por medio de la herramienta foto voz, que accede y deja ver el problema desde afuera, también proporciona conocerlo desde adentro como si fuera propio, lo cual es muy importante porque da la posibilidad que, como psicólogos en formación se puedan analizar dichos contextos para así crear estrategias de acompañamiento psicosocial, las cuales son fundamentales para mitigar en gran manera ese daño o trauma psicosocial o sufrimiento emocional producido por la violencia pero también, de crear y potencializar recursos de afrontamiento que permiten superar la crisis de sufrimiento que le ha dejado este fenómeno. Desde este modo, y teniendo en cuenta la narrativa, se analiza el caso de Ana Ligia, una mujer que sufrió el desalojo, desplazamiento dos veces por la intimidación, el terror, la violencia, le toco vivir muchos momentos de estrés, angustia, de desesperación y miedo, pero esto no le impidió que tuviera una actitud resiliente y pudiera seguir adelante. Seguido, se analiza el caso de Peñas coloradas, donde se analizan los emergentes psicosociales que aún siguen latentes tras el hostigamiento de los grupos armados, pero a su vez se comparten acciones de apoyo las cuales les permitirán superar el impacto generado por el destierro que sufrió la población.From the psychosocial accompaniment course in scenes of violence, it was possible to recognize and observe in a meticulous and profound way the different realities in which many populations live in different territories of our country, therefore through the analysis of each one of these realities, the different social problems that violence brings with it were understood, all this through the photovoice tool, which accesses and allows the problem to be seen from the outside, it also provides knowledge of it from the inside as if it were ones own, which is very important because it gives the possibility that, as psychologists in training, these contexts can be analyzed in order to create psychosocial support strategies, which are essential to greatly mitigate that damage or psychosocial trauma or emotional suffering caused by violence, but also to create and potentiate support resources. Coping that allow to overcome the crisis of suffering that has left this phenomenon. From this way, and taking into account the narrative, the case of Ana Ligia is analyzed, a woman who suffered eviction, displacement twice due to intimidation, terror, violence, she had to experience many moments of stress, anguish, despair and fear, but this did not prevent him from having a resilient attitude and being able to move on. Next, the case of Peñas coloradas is analyzed, where the psychosocial emergents that are still latent after the harassment by the armed groups are analyzed, but at the same time support actions are shared which will allow them to overcome the impact generated by the exile they suffered. The population

Sostenibilidad en la Ingeniería Civil. Una experiencia piloto de formación profesional y aprendizaje cooperativo

A Pilot Experience on Cooperative Learning was developed with vocational training students of Advanced Level in Building Construction and Civil Engineering of the Atenea Secondary School (Ciudad Real). The aim was to improve their professional skills in the field of sustainability and, in particular, wastewater treatment by planning, designing, projecting and building artificial wetlands; this a innovative and distinctive competence that will facilitate their employment in an environment with demand for skilled technicians in water purification systems that are more sustainable in both environmental, energy and economical terms. For this purpose, a transdisciplinary team of university professors was formed, who are specialized on building and civil engineering, environmental technology, ecology, ecological engineering, hydraulics, hydrology, geotechnics, geology, geomorphology, geography, territorial planning, teaching and pedagogy. The methodology used was Project Based Learning (PBL), that has been used for some of the team members since 1999 in the Faculty of Civil Engineering of the Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM). Students were asked to propose, design and project an artificial wetland to treat wastewater from a rural home, museum or restaurant that they had projected earlier to rehabilitate the ruins of a 19th century water-energy-industrial foundry known as Martinete de Los Pozuelos de Calatrava (Ciudad Real). The major milestones of the pilot experience were: i) Pre-assessment of students knowledge, ii) Lectures to provide new theoretical concepts essential to develop foreseen specific, iii) Independent student work supervised by teachers from closed scripts and supply of teaching materials and literature, iv) Classroom and field workshops, v) Continuous assessment of individual work in class (interest, participation, success in the resolution of the issues raised by the teacher), final evaluation in group through oral presentation and written report, and issuing diplomas for further recognition of free credits, vi) Evaluation of the pilot experience was done by surveying students about methodology, content and development of classes, results obtained and other comments that they wished to include, vii) Dissemination by opening an account in the facebook social network, writing a press release for publication in local media, and professional editing a CD with graphic and teaching materials. The most remarkable result of the pilot is that PBL methodology is a revolution for vocational training students, used to deal with tools and practicalities commonly based on closed standards and protocols; instead, cooperative learning requires facing real limitations, such as a relative lack of information, developing the project with this uncertainty, and making decisions on the level of complexity of the solutions to adopt. This has resulted in an overall very positive experience for the students (over 95%), who were especially pleased with the results (100%) and the content and development of educational activities (more than 95%)

A clinically compatible drug-screening platform based on organotypic cultures identifies vulnerabilities to prevent and treat brain metastasis

We report a medium‐throughput drug‐screening platform (METPlatform) based on organotypic cultures that allows to evaluate inhibitors against metastases growing in situ. By applying this approach to the unmet clinical need of brain metastasis, we identified several vulnerabilities. Among them, a blood–brain barrier permeable HSP90 inhibitor showed high potency against mouse and human brain metastases at clinically relevant stages of the disease, including a novel model of local relapse after neurosurgery. Furthermore, in situ proteomic analysis applied to metastases treated with the chaperone inhibitor uncovered a novel molecular program in brain metastasis, which includes biomarkers of poor prognosis and actionable mechanisms of resistance. Our work validates METPlatform as a potent resource for metastasis research integrating drug‐screening and unbiased omic approaches that is compatible with human samples. Thus, this clinically relevant strategy is aimed to personalize the management of metastatic disease in the brain and elsewhere

Ciencias Sociales: Economía y Humanidades

Este volumen I contiene 29 capítulos arbitrados que se ocupan de estos asuntos en Tópicos Selectos de Ciencias Sociales: Economía y Humanidades, elegidos de entre las contribuciones, reunimos algunos investigadores y estudiantes.Gómez, presenta un breve examen de la producción y comercialización de rosa en México; Arpi y Portillo realiza un estudio en México sobre el ingreso mínimo de las familias que identifica la línea de pobreza alimentaria en el área rural del sur de México, 2012; Bravo realiza un pequeño estudio donde hablará sobre el análisis comparado del Sector Gubernamental y la Economía Mexicana desde la perspectiva de los eslabonamientos productivos Hirshman-Rasmuss; Caamal, Pat, Jerónimo y Romero realizan un estudio sobre los canales de comercialización de limón persa en el municipio de Martínez de la Torre, Veracruz; Macías y Perales nos hablarán sobre una análisis del comercio estratégico en el TLCAN: El Estado en la política agrícola de biocombustibles; Figueroa, Pérez y Godínez se expresan acerca de la importancia de la comercialización del café en México; Sepúlveda, Sepúlveda y Pérez realizan un diagnóstico, retos del comercio electrónico en el Sector Agroindustrial Mexicano; Duana mediante su trabajo nos muestra y habla sobre la inversión extranjera directa y su impacto en crecimiento de México, un análisis en prospectiva: 1999-2010; Figueroa, Pérez y Ramírez hacen un estudio acerca sobre la importancia de la Banca en México; Pérez, Figueroa, Godínez y Pérez presenta un trabajo acerca de la competitividad de la producción agrícola en México, un análisis regional; Rodríguez, Espinosa y Márquez analizan todo acerca de el SIAL productor de quesos en Poxtla, competividad y territorio; Garza nos habla acerca de la intermediación financiera al servicio de la comunidad indígena: el fondo regional indígena Tarhiata Keri; Arroyo, Aguilar, Santoyo y Muñoz realizan un estudio acerca de la demanda de Importaciones de durazno (Prunus pérsica L. Batsch) en México procedentes de Estados Unidos de América (1982-2011); Loera y Sepúlveda analizan los parámetros de la productividad forestal en la producción de madera en rollo; Pérez, Morett y Tecpan realizan un análisis de factores sociales, ambientales y económicos del territorio rural cercano a la ciudad de México; Godínez, Figueroa y Pérez realizan un estudio acerca de la crisis económica mundial y su efecto sobre los flujos migratorios de América Latina; Magadán, Hernández y Escalona presentan la tipología de los sujetos sociales que intervienen en el mercado campesino de Ocotlán Oaxaca; Tavera y Cobos nos hablan de la normalización del proceso de compostaje: una opción para desarrollar el mercado de la composta; Piña y Pérez hablan acerca de la reestructuración del capitalismo y crisis política en México; Gonzáles, Rucoba y Ramírez realizan un estudio de la rentabilidad de la producción de miel en el municipio de León, Guanjuato; Ramírez, Gutiérrez y Figueroa realizan un estudio acerca de la economía del maíz en la región metropolitana, Chiapas, 2014; Bueno, Méndez y Cruz realizan un estudio y análisis de los centros de educación y cultura ambiental, necesidad de profesionalización Pedagógica de facilitadores ambientales; Pat, Caamal, Jerónimo y Mendoza presentan un estudio acerca de los Costos y competitividad de la producción del limón persa en el municipio de Martínez de la Torre, Veracruz. Vizuet presenta un trabajo de la construcción polisémica e histórica del concepto de la pobreza; Navarrete, Ríos y Arévalo presentan un estudio acerca de la producción ejidal de tomate rojo (Lycopersicum esculentum) en el DR-017, y su huella hídrica; Pérez y Piña hablan acerca de la productividad e inversión extranjera: La industria de Alimentos; Pérez, Figueroa, Godínez y Gómez presentan el trabajo sobre el sector primario en México; Pérez, Figueroa, Godínez y Gómez presentan acerca de los subsidios al campo como instrumento de política económica en México; Venegas, Perales y Del Valle realizan un estudio de rentabilidad de biodigestores y motogeneradores para diferentes tamaños de granjas porcinas en Michoacán

Ciencias Sociales: Economía y Humanidades HANDBOOK T-I

Se presenta un breve examen de la producción y comercialización de rosa en México; un estudio en México sobre el ingreso mínimo de las familias que identifica la línea de pobreza alimentaria en el área rural del sur de México, 2012; un pequeño estudio donde hablará sobre el análisis comparado del Sector Gubernamental y la Economía Mexicana desde la perspectiva de los eslabonamientos productivos Hirshman-Rasmuss; un estudio sobre los canales de comercialización de limón persa en el municipio de Martínez de la Torre, Veracruz; una análisis del comercio estratégico en el TLCAN: El Estado en la política agrícola de biocombustibles; también se expresan acerca de la importancia de la comercialización del café en México; un diagnóstico, retos del comercio electrónico en el Sector Agroindustrial Mexicano; trabajo nos muestra y habla sobre la inversión extranjera directa y su impacto en crecimiento de México, un análisis en prospectiva: 1999-2010; un estudio acerca sobre la importancia de la Banca en México; un trabajo acerca de la competitividad de la producción agrícola en México, un análisis regional; se analizan todo acerca de el SIAL productor de quesos en Poxtla, competividad y territorio; se habla acerca de la intermediación financiera al servicio de la comunidad indígena: el fondo regional indígena Tarhiata Keri; ademas un estudio acerca de la demanda de Importaciones de durazno (Prunus pérsica L. Batsch) en México procedentes de Estados Unidos de América (1982-2011); Loera y Sepúlveda analizan los parámetros de la productividad forestal en la producción de madera en rollo; un análisis de factores sociales, ambientales y económicos del territorio rural cercano a la ciudad de México; un estudio acerca de la crisis económica mundial y su efecto sobre los flujos migratorios de América Latina; Magadán, Hernández y Escalona presentan la tipología de los sujetos sociales que intervienen en el mercado campesino de Ocotlán Oaxaca; la normalización del proceso de compostaje: una opción para desarrollar el mercado de la composta; acerca de la reestructuración del capitalismo y crisis política en México; la rentabilidad de la producción de miel en el municipio de León, Guanjuato; la economía del maíz en la región metropolitana, Chiapas, 2014; análisis de los centros de educación y cultura ambiental, necesidad de profesionalización Pedagógica de facilitadores ambientales; los Costos y competitividad de la producción del limón persa en el municipio de Martínez de la Torre, Veracruz

Identification of novel risk loci, causal insights, and heritable risk for Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies

Background Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in Parkinson's disease have increased the scope of biological knowledge about the disease over the past decade. We aimed to use the largest aggregate of GWAS data to identify novel risk loci and gain further insight into the causes of Parkinson's disease. Methods We did a meta-analysis of 17 datasets from Parkinson's disease GWAS available from European ancestry samples to nominate novel loci for disease risk. These datasets incorporated all available data. We then used these data to estimate heritable risk and develop predictive models of this heritability. We also used large gene expression and methylation resources to examine possible functional consequences as well as tissue, cell type, and biological pathway enrichments for the identified risk factors. Additionally, we examined shared genetic risk between Parkinson's disease and other phenotypes of interest via genetic correlations followed by Mendelian randomisation. Findings Between Oct 1, 2017, and Aug 9, 2018, we analysed 7·8 million single nucleotide polymorphisms in 37 688 cases, 18 618 UK Biobank proxy-cases (ie, individuals who do not have Parkinson's disease but have a first degree relative that does), and 1·4 million controls. We identified 90 independent genome-wide significant risk signals across 78 genomic regions, including 38 novel independent risk signals in 37 loci. These 90 variants explained 16–36% of the heritable risk of Parkinson's disease depending on prevalence. Integrating methylation and expression data within a Mendelian randomisation framework identified putatively associated genes at 70 risk signals underlying GWAS loci for follow-up functional studies. Tissue-specific expression enrichment analyses suggested Parkinson's disease loci were heavily brain-enriched, with specific neuronal cell types being implicated from single cell data. We found significant genetic correlations with brain volumes (false discovery rate-adjusted p=0·0035 for intracranial volume, p=0·024 for putamen volume), smoking status (p=0·024), and educational attainment (p=0·038). Mendelian randomisation between cognitive performance and Parkinson's disease risk showed a robust association (p=8·00 × 10−7). Interpretation These data provide the most comprehensive survey of genetic risk within Parkinson's disease to date, to the best of our knowledge, by revealing many additional Parkinson's disease risk loci, providing a biological context for these risk factors, and showing that a considerable genetic component of this disease remains unidentified. These associations derived from European ancestry datasets will need to be followed-up with more diverse data. Funding The National Institute on Aging at the National Institutes of Health (USA), The Michael J Fox Foundation, and The Parkinson's Foundation (see appendix for full list of funding sources)

Autoantibodies against type I IFNs in patients with critical influenza pneumonia

In an international cohort of 279 patients with hypoxemic influenza pneumonia, we identified 13 patients (4.6%) with autoantibodies neutralizing IFN-alpha and/or -omega, which were previously reported to underlie 15% cases of life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia and one third of severe adverse reactions to live-attenuated yellow fever vaccine. Autoantibodies neutralizing type I interferons (IFNs) can underlie critical COVID-19 pneumonia and yellow fever vaccine disease. We report here on 13 patients harboring autoantibodies neutralizing IFN-alpha 2 alone (five patients) or with IFN-omega (eight patients) from a cohort of 279 patients (4.7%) aged 6-73 yr with critical influenza pneumonia. Nine and four patients had antibodies neutralizing high and low concentrations, respectively, of IFN-alpha 2, and six and two patients had antibodies neutralizing high and low concentrations, respectively, of IFN-omega. The patients' autoantibodies increased influenza A virus replication in both A549 cells and reconstituted human airway epithelia. The prevalence of these antibodies was significantly higher than that in the general population for patients 70 yr of age (3.1 vs. 4.4%, P = 0.68). The risk of critical influenza was highest in patients with antibodies neutralizing high concentrations of both IFN-alpha 2 and IFN-omega (OR = 11.7, P = 1.3 x 10(-5)), especially those <70 yr old (OR = 139.9, P = 3.1 x 10(-10)). We also identified 10 patients in additional influenza patient cohorts. Autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs account for similar to 5% of cases of life-threatening influenza pneumonia in patients <70 yr old

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Common variants in Alzheimer’s disease and risk stratification by polygenic risk scores

Funder: Funder: Fundación bancaria ‘La Caixa’ Number: LCF/PR/PR16/51110003 Funder: Grifols SA Number: LCF/PR/PR16/51110003 Funder: European Union/EFPIA Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Number: 115975 Funder: JPco-fuND FP-829-029 Number: 733051061Genetic discoveries of Alzheimer's disease are the drivers of our understanding, and together with polygenetic risk stratification can contribute towards planning of feasible and efficient preventive and curative clinical trials. We first perform a large genetic association study by merging all available case-control datasets and by-proxy study results (discovery n = 409,435 and validation size n = 58,190). Here, we add six variants associated with Alzheimer's disease risk (near APP, CHRNE, PRKD3/NDUFAF7, PLCG2 and two exonic variants in the SHARPIN gene). Assessment of the polygenic risk score and stratifying by APOE reveal a 4 to 5.5 years difference in median age at onset of Alzheimer's disease patients in APOE ɛ4 carriers. Because of this study, the underlying mechanisms of APP can be studied to refine the amyloid cascade and the polygenic risk score provides a tool to select individuals at high risk of Alzheimer's disease