Perspectiva de ciclo vital en el estudio de la salud cardiovascular. Condiciones fetales, crecimiento postnatal, lactancia y alimentación en la niñez

Tesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología. Fecha de lectura: 21-09-2017Esta tesis tiene embargado el acceso al texto completo hasta el 21-03-201

Relación entre alimentación, nivel socioeconómico e indicadores tempranos de salud cardiovascular

II Congreso de Alimentación, Nutrición y Dietética. Avances en Nutrición y Dietética Clínica: Prevención, Tratamiento y Gestión - Rol del Dietista-Nutricionist

Relationship between the dietary inflammatory index and cardiovascular health among children

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) and cardiovascular health indicators in children. Methods: The sample consisted of 365 schoolchildren aged 8 to 12 from the Region of Madrid. Anthropometric and hemodynamic measurements were collected. Variables relating to habits and lifestyles, parental level of education, and data on their diet, through three 24 h food recall surveys, were also collected. The diet quality indicators considered are the DII based on 25 nutrients and the KIDMED index. Results: Children with a more pro-inflammatory diet came from families with lower levels of parental education (p P50), the likelihood of developing hypertension in childhood is 2.1 times higher (OR = 2.085 (1.107–3.927)) and they have more than twice the risk of developing obesity (OR = 2.3) or developing obesity and hypertension simultaneously (OR = 1.290 (1.316–3.985)). Furthermore, predictive models showed that the children with a pro-inflammatory diet (>P50) had higher values for BFM% (β = 1.957; p = 0.026) and BMI (β = 0.015; p = 0.012) than children with a lower inflammatory diet (<P50). Conclusions: Higher values on the DII are related to poorer nutritional status and cardiovascular health in childhood. Thus, a pro-inflammatory diet is also associated with a lower socio-economic level and poorer diet qualit

The use of science fiction to work on Arthropod taxonomy

Emma Álvarez-Millán – Universidad Autónoma de Madrid - 0000-0003-1987-4675Ana Isabel Mora-Urda – Universidad Autónoma de Madrid - 0000-0001-6852-7499José Manuel Pérez-Martín – Universidad Autónoma de Madrid - 0000-0002-0658-9050Recepción: 12.10.2022 | Aceptado: 17.10.2022Correspondencia a través de ORCID: José Manuel Pérez Martín - 0000-0002-0658-9050Área o categoría del conocimiento: Didáctica de las Ciencias ExperimentalesLa enseñanza de los seres vivos es un contenido recurrente en los currículos educativos, pero la estrategia didáctica más común está alejada del actual paradigma de la didáctica de las ciencias: aprender ciencias haciendo ciencias. Para ello, la argumentación y el uso de pruebas en casos prácticos se ha convertido en una herramienta muy interesante. En el caso de los Artrópodos, su aparición en las aulas es muy reducida y es importante que sean trabajados. Por ello, diseñamos un caso práctico para maestros en formación basado en la ciencia ficción: la clasificación taxonómica de Alien. Los estudiantes debían utilizar todas las pruebas disponibles para clasificar taxonómicamente este ser vivo de forma justificada. Los resultados mostraron que el caso práctico permite trabajar los contenidos relacionados con el grupo de los Artrópodos, así como poner en práctica destrezas científicas que derivan en el correcto uso de pruebas y la argumentación para avalar sus respuestas, permitiendo decir que la ciencia ficción es una herramienta útil para la enseñanza de las ciencias.Abstract: The teaching of living beings is a recurrent content in educational curricula, but the most common didactic strategy is far from the current paradigm of science didactics: learning science by doing science. For this purpose, argumentation, and the use of evidence in case studies has become a very interesting tool. In the case of Arthropods, their appearance in the classroom is very limited and it is important to work on them. Therefore, we designed a case study for pre-service teachers based on science fiction: the taxonomic classification of Alien. The students had to use all available evidence to taxonomically classify this living being in a justified way. The results showed that the case study allows working on the contents related to the group of Arthropods, as well as putting into practice scientific skills that derive in the correct use of evidence and argumentation to support their answers, making it possible to say that science fiction is a useful tool for teaching science.Universidad Autónoma de Madri

Perspectiva de ciclo vital y de género en el estudio de la relación entre alimentación y salud cardiovascular. Lactancia materna vs artificial.

II Congreso de Alimentación, Nutrición y Dietética. Avances en Nutrición y Dietética Clínica: Prevención, Tratamiento y Gestión - Rol del Dietista-Nutricionist

Indicators of cardiovascular risk, breastfeeding patterns and mother's lifestyle during fetal growth and child development

Introduction: Nutrition in the early stages of the human life cycle could have a programmer effect on physiology and metabolism of the individual conditioning their health in the future. Objective: To describe patterns of breastfeeding and the current nutritional status of a sample of 217 children analyzing the possible relationship between nutritional conditions that elapses growth and development process and the risk of cardiovascular disease in the future. Methods: Weight, height and waist circumference was taken by anthropometry, Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated and systolic and diastolic blood pressure as an early indicator of cardiovascular risk was measured. Results: 94.7% of mothers rely on breast milk as the best food for newborns but only 88.8% initiated breastfeeding in the first few days after birth and only the 15.6% of them reach 6 months of exclusive breastfeeding recommended by the World Health Organiza - tion. The 29.3% of boys and 24% of girls were over-weight and there were obesity in 10.3% and 6% respectively. There is significant inverse linear variation between the duration of exclusive breastfeeding and waist circumference (p = 0.033, B = -0.215), also with diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.032, B = -0.215). There is a trend to increase the BMI when the duration of exclusive breastfeeding decreases. Conclusion: The breastfeeding patterns described in the sample do not conform to international recommendations and is obvious the relationship between phy - siological variables indicative of early cardiovascular risk and fat accumulationIntroducción: La nutrición en las primeras etapas del ciclo vital humano podría ejercer un efecto programador en la fisiología y el metabolismo del individuo condicionando su estado de salud en el futuro. Objetivo: Describir los patrones de lactancia y el estado nutricional actual de una muestra de 217 niños/as analizando la posible relación entre las condiciones nutricionales en las que transcurre el proceso de crecimiento y desarrollo y el riesgo de padecer enfermedades cardiovasculares en el futuro. Métodos: Mediante antropometría se tomó peso, talla, perímetro de la cintura, se calculó el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) y se midió la presión arterial sistólica y diastólica como indicador temprano de riesgo cardiovascular. Resultados: El 94,7% de las madres confían en la leche materna como el mejor alimento para el recién nacido pero solo el 88,8% inician la lactancia materna en los primeros días después del parto y solo un 15,6% alcanzan los 6 meses de lactancia materna exclusiva recomendada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. El 29,3% de los niños y el 24% de las niñas presentaron sobrepeso y, obesidad, el 10,3% y 6% respectivamente. Existe variación lineal significativa e inversa entre la duración de la lactancia materna exclusiva y el perímetro de cintura (p=0,033; B= -0,215), también con la tensión arterial diastólica (p=0,032; B = -0,215). Se encuentra una tendencia a aumentar el IMC cuando la duración de la lactancia materna exclusiva disminuye. Conclusión: Los patrones de lactancia descritos en la muestra no se adecuan a las recomendaciones internacionales y resulta evidente la relación entre variables fisiológicas indicadores tempranos de riesgo cardiovascular e indicadores de acúmulo grasoAl Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN) por la subvención del proyecto FEM2009-13434-C02-01. A las instituciones, madres y niños que prestaron su colaboración para llevar a cabo este proyect

The Use of Corticosteroids or Tocilizumab in COVID-19 Based on Inflammatory Markers

SEMI-COVID-19 Network.[Background] The inflammatory cascade is the main cause of death in COVID-19 patients. Corticosteroids (CS) and tocilizumab (TCZ) are available to treat this escalation but which patients to administer it remains undefined.[Objective] We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of immunosuppressive/anti-inflammatory therapy in COVID-19, based on the degree of inflammation. .[Design] A retrospective cohort study with data on patients collected and followed up from March 1st, 2020, to May 1st, 2021, from the nationwide Spanish SEMI-COVID-19 Registry. Patients under treatment with CS vs. those under CS plus TCZ were compared. Effectiveness was explored in 3 risk categories (low, intermediate, high) based on lymphocyte count, C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), ferritin, and d-dimer values.[Patients] A total of 21,962 patients were included in the Registry by May 2021. Of these, 5940 met the inclusion criteria for the present study (5332 were treated with CS and 608 with CS plus TCZ).[Main Measures] The primary outcome of the study was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were the composite variable of in-hospital mortality, requirement for high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC), non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV), invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), or intensive care unit (ICU) admission.[Key Results] A total of 5940 met the inclusion criteria for the present study (5332 were treated with CS and 608 with CS plus TCZ). No significant differences were observed in either the low/intermediate-risk category (1.5% vs. 7.4%, p=0.175) or the high-risk category (23.1% vs. 20%, p=0.223) after propensity score matching. A statistically significant lower mortality was observed in the very high–risk category (31.9% vs. 23.9%, p=0.049).[Conclusions] The prescription of CS alone or in combination with TCZ should be based on the degrees of inflammation and reserve the CS plus TCZ combination for patients at high and especially very high risk.Peer reviewe

MUSiC : a model-unspecific search for new physics in proton-proton collisions at root s=13TeV

Results of the Model Unspecific Search in CMS (MUSiC), using proton-proton collision data recorded at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1), are presented. The MUSiC analysis searches for anomalies that could be signatures of physics beyond the standard model. The analysis is based on the comparison of observed data with the standard model prediction, as determined from simulation, in several hundred final states and multiple kinematic distributions. Events containing at least one electron or muon are classified based on their final state topology, and an automated search algorithm surveys the observed data for deviations from the prediction. The sensitivity of the search is validated using multiple methods. No significant deviations from the predictions have been observed. For a wide range of final state topologies, agreement is found between the data and the standard model simulation. This analysis complements dedicated search analyses by significantly expanding the range of final states covered using a model independent approach with the largest data set to date to probe phase space regions beyond the reach of previous general searches.Peer reviewe