Uso de diferentes técnicas enológicas para la preparación de vinos base tintos: Incidencia en la composición volátil

Póster presentado en el 37th World Congress of Vine and Wine, celebrado en Mendoza (Argentina) del 9 al 14 de noviembre de 2014.[EN] In recent years, the market of natural sparkling wines is growing quite fast in Spain due to the increase of both national consumption and export volume. Most of the sparkling wines elaborated in our country are white and rosé ones, being the production of red sparkling wines practically non-existent. However, these wines are elaborated in other countries like Australia, South-Africa, Argentina, Italy or Portugal, with a great acceptance by consumers. One of the initial problems is to obtain suitable base wines that should have moderate alcohol content, good colour intensity and good mouthfeel. Therefore, different winemaking techniques have been studied that allow to obtain suitable base wines for the elaboration of natural red sparkling wines, focused in this work on the volatile composition. Grapes from Tempranillo variety were harvested in two maturity moments: prematurity grapes (PM) with alcohol degree and acidity suitable to elaborate a sparkling wine, but that they do not have the adequate phenolic maturity, and grapes at their optimum degree of maturity (M). Then, two winemaking techniques were carried out for each type of grapes: pre-fermentative cold maceration with dry ice (PM-DI) and rack and return with partial removal of seeds (“delestage”) (PM-D) with the prematurity grapes; and removal of part of the sugar present in must (M-SR) and partial dealcoholisation of wine (M-AR) with the maturity grapes. In both moments, a control wine was also elaborated. All the elaborations were carried out in duplicate. The volatile compounds were analysed by gas chromatography coupled to a mass detector, after a previous liquid-liquid extraction. The analyses were carried out in triplicate. The wines obtained with prematurity grapes had an alcohol degree of 11 º, while those obtained with maturity grapes had 12.5º. Therefore, the M-SR y M-AR wines were reduced their a lcohol degree in 1.5º. In general, the wines obtained with maturity grapes showed the highest levels of ethyl esters, mainly ethyl hexanoate, ethyl octanoate and ethyl cinnamate, and of vanillin derivatives, with the exception of M-AR wine that showed a lower ethyl esters of straight-chain fatty acids. On the contrary, the wines elaborated with the prematurity grapes showed the highest concentrations of alcohol acetates and C6 alcohols, 1-hexanol and cis-3-hexenol, compounds responsible of herbaceous aromas. Taking into account these results, the base wines obtained with the maturity grapes could be more suitable than those obtained with prematurity ones for sparkling wine elaboration, although it should be considered other aspects.[ES] En los últimos años, el sector de los vinos espumosos naturales es uno de los que más está creciendo en España, tanto en consumo nacional como en volumen de exportaciones. La mayor parte de los vinos espumosos que se elaboran en nuestro país son blancos y rosados, siendo la elaboración de vinos espumosos tintos prácticamente inexistente. Sin embargo sí se elaboran en otros países como Australia, Sudáfrica, Argentina, Italia o Portugal, con una gran aceptación por parte de los consumidores. Uno de los problemas iniciales que se plantea es la obtención de un vino base adecuado, con una graduación alcohólica moderada, una buena intensidad de color, y una buena estructura en boca. Por ello, se ha estudiado el efecto de diferentes técnicas enológicas que permitan obtener vinos base idóneos para la elaboración de vinos espumosos tintos naturales, centrándose en este trabajo en la modificación de la composición volátil. Se vendimiaron uvas de la variedad Tempranillo en dos momentos de maduració n: uvas pre-maduras (PM) con valores de grado alcohólico y acidez adecuados para elaborar un vino espumoso, pero que todavía no tienen la madurez fenólica deseada, y uvas en su momento óptimo de maduración (M). Posteriormente, se llevaron a cabo dos técnicas enológicas con cada tipo de uva: maceración pre-fermentativa en frío con hielo seco (PM-DI) y “delestage” con una eliminación parcial de las semillas (PM-D) con las uvas pre-maduras; y reducción de azúcares en el mosto (M-SR) y desalcoholización parcial del vino (M-AR) con las uvas maduras. En ambos momentos de vendimia se elaboró también un vino testigo. Todas las elaboraciones se realizaron por duplicado.Los compuestos volátiles se han analizado por cromatografía de gases-masas, previa extracción líquido-líquido. Los análisis se llevaron a cabo por triplicado. Los vinos obtenidos con uva pre-madura presentaron un grado alcohólico de 11º, mientras que en los elaborados con uva madura fue de 12,5º. Por ello, se redujo el contenido en alcohol aproximadam ente en 1,5º a los vinos M-SR y M-AR. En general, los vinos elaborados con uva madura presentaron mayores concentraciones de ésteres etílicos, principalmente de hexanoato de etilo, octanoato de etilo y cinamato de etilo, y de los derivados de vainillina, a excepción del M-AR que presentó menores concentraciones de los ésteres etílicos lineales. Por el contrario, los vinos elaborados con uva pre-madura presentaron mayores concentraciones de acetatos de alcoholes, y de alcoholes C6, principalmente de 1-hexanol y cis-3-hexenol, compuestos responsables de los aromas herbáceos. Teniendo en cuenta estos resultados, los vinos base obtenidos con uvas maduras podrían ser más adecuados para la elaboración de vinos espumosos, aunque habría que considerar otros aspectos.The authors wish to thank the INIA for financing this study through the project RTA2012-092-C02.Peer Reviewe

Prostatic artery embolization (PAE) using polyethylene glycol microspheres: safety and efficacy in 81 patients

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of prostatic artery embolization (PAE) using polyethylene glycol microspheres (PEGM) in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Materials and methods: This multicentric prospective study enrolled 81 patients who underwent PAE with 400 ± 75 µm PEGM (HydroPearl®, Terumo, Japan). Results from baseline and 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups were assessed for subjective outcomes including International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS), Quality of life (QoL), and International Index of Erectile Function, and objective outcomes such as peak urinary flow (Qmax) and post-void residual volume (PVR). The visual analogue scale, satisfaction questionnaire, prostatic volume, and prostatic specific antigen levels were also evaluated. Complications were documented using the modified Clavien-Dindo classification. Results: Technical success was obtained in all patients. Clinical success was achieved in 78.5% of patients. Before PAE, 54.3% of patients had an indwelling catheter which was removed in 75% of them after procedure. A statistically significant decrease was observed in IPSS and QoL from baseline to 12 months (20.14 vs 5.89; 4.8 vs 0.63, P <.01), respectively. Objective outcomes also showed a statistically significant improvement in Qmax (+ 114.9%; P <.01), achieving a maximum urinary flow of 14.2 mL/sec, and PVR (decrease 58%; P <.05) at 12 months. Minor complications (Clavien-Dindo grades I-II) occurred in 13.6% of patients, without major complications observed. Conclusion: PAE with PEGM is safe and effective treatment in patients with symptomatic BPH, with a significant improvement in both subjective and objective outcome

Construcción de un diccionario didáctico digital para la mejora del aprendizaje del latín y estudio preliminar de su extensión a otras lenguas

Los objetivos de este proyecto son la creación de una versión digital, disponible en línea y en abierto, de un diccionario basado en un modelo inédito lexicográfico y cognitivo y el estudio preliminar de su generalización a otras lenguas. La eficacia didáctica del modelo de diccionario ha sido probada en este curso académico experimentalmente para la enseñanza presencial del latín utilizando una versión en papel. La idea es construir una versión digital para que el alumno pueda utilizarlo tanto para el trabajo en el aula como para el trabajo personal y estudiar si es viable su aplicación general al estudio de otras lenguas, especialmente de las lenguas modernas. El diccionario en formato digital proporcionaría, frente al papel, tres ventajas significativas: (1) aumentar su accesibilidad lo que facilitaría su uso en cualquier momento y lugar, (2) ayudar al alumno con dificultades a nivelarse puesto que podría usarlo para repetir los ejercicios de aprendizaje tantas veces como lo necesite, y, (3), servir de base para llevar a cabo acciones educativas basadas en la autoformación en línea que faciliten y fomenten el aprendizaje del latín en particular y de otras lenguas si el resultado del estudio preliminar es positivo respecto a su generalización

Link between cognitive polygenic risk scores and clinical progression after a first-psychotic episode

Background Clinical intervention in early stages of psychotic disorders is crucial for the prevention of severe symptomatology trajectories and poor outcomes. Genetic variability is studied as a promising modulator of prognosis, thus novel approaches considering the polygenic nature of these complex phenotypes are required to unravel the mechanisms underlying the early progression of the disorder. Methods The sample comprised of 233 first-episode psychosis (FEP) subjects with clinical and cognitive data assessed periodically for a 2-year period and 150 matched controls. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, education attainment and cognitive performance were used to assess the genetic risk of FEP and to characterize their association with premorbid, baseline and progression of clinical and cognitive status. Results Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and cognitive performance PRSs were associated with an increased risk of FEP [false discovery rate (FDR) ⩽ 0.027]. In FEP patients, increased cognitive PRSs were found for FEP patients with more cognitive reserve (FDR ⩽ 0.037). PRSs reflecting a genetic liability for improved cognition were associated with a better course of symptoms, functionality and working memory (FDR ⩽ 0.039). Moreover, the PRS of depression was associated with a worse trajectory of the executive function and the general cognitive status (FDR ⩽ 0.001). Conclusions Our study provides novel evidence of the polygenic bases of psychosis and its clinical manifestation in its first stage. The consistent effect of cognitive PRSs on the early clinical progression suggests that the mechanisms underlying the psychotic episode and its severity could be partially independent

Guía del Trabajo Fin de Grado (TFG): Grado en Enfermería

La elaboración del TFG supone la aplicación de los conocimientos adquiridos durante los años académicos del grado cursado y, por tanto, debe reflejar la adquisición de competencias. El Grado de Enfermería oferta gran diversidad de temas para la elaboración del TFG, siendo el colectivo de profesorado implicado en su seguimiento y evaluación, numeroso y diverso. Con el objetivo de facilitar tanto su elaboración como su evaluación unificada a todos los estudiantes, se propone el diseño de un documento donde se recojan las diversas posibilidades y modelos de elaboración, así como la creación de un documento general de rúbrica donde se recojan todos los aspectos evaluables y su peso en la puntuación global. Con la finalidad de clarificar tanto los modelos de TFG como los criterios de evaluación, se ha elaborado un documento general de rúbrica donde se recogen los aspectos evaluables y su peso en la puntuación global. En su elaboración ha participado una red de profesorado y alumnado de la UA compuesto por ocho profesores, un representante del personal de administración y servicios y un estudiante del cuarto curso del grado en Enfermería. Está previsto que el documento elaborado sea único y válido tanto para el profesorado tutor como para el tribunal de evaluación. El documento provisional se divide en dos o tres bloques (para el tribunal o tutor, respectivamente) para conseguir un sistema de evaluación común y unificado para todos los departamentos participantes

Pregnancy Outcomes and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: The Spanish Obstetric Emergency Group Study

Pregnant women who are infected with SARS-CoV-2 are at an increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. With this study, we aimed to better understand the relationship between maternal infection and perinatal outcomes, especially preterm births, and the underlying medical and interventionist factors. This was a prospective observational study carried out in 78 centers (Spanish Obstetric Emergency Group) with a cohort of 1347 SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive pregnant women registered consecutively between 26 February and 5 November 2020, and a concurrent sample of PCR-negative mothers. The patients' information was collected from their medical records, and the association of SARS-CoV-2 and perinatal outcomes was evaluated by univariable and multivariate analyses. The data from 1347 SARS-CoV-2-positive pregnancies were compared with those from 1607 SARS-CoV-2-negative pregnancies. Differences were observed between both groups in premature rupture of membranes (15.5% vs. 11.1%, p < 0.001); venous thrombotic events (1.5% vs. 0.2%, p < 0.001); and severe pre-eclampsia incidence (40.6 vs. 15.6%, p = 0.001), which could have been overestimated in the infected cohort due to the shared analytical signs between this hypertensive disorder and COVID-19. In addition, more preterm deliveries were observed in infected patients (11.1% vs. 5.8%, p < 0.001) mainly due to an increase in iatrogenic preterm births. The prematurity in SARS-CoV-2-affected pregnancies results from a predisposition to end the pregnancy because of maternal disease (pneumonia and pre-eclampsia, with or without COVID-19 symptoms)

Biocompatibility, Inflammatory Response, and Recannalization Characteristics of Nonradioactive Resin Microspheres: Histological Findings

Intra-arterial radiotherapy with yttrium-90 microspheres (radioembolization) is a therapeutic procedure exclusively applied to the liver that allows the direct delivery of high-dose radiation to liver tumors, by means of endovascular catheters, selectively placed within the tumor vasculature. The aim of the study was to describe the distribution of spheres within the precapillaries, inflammatory response, and recannalization characteristics after embolization with nonradioactive resin microspheres in the kidney and liver. We performed a partial embolization of the liver and kidney vessels in nine white pigs. The left renal and left hepatic arteries were catheterized and filled with nonradioactive resin microspheres. Embolization was defined as the initiation of near-stasis of blood flow, rather than total occlusion of the vessels. The hepatic circulation was not isolated so that the effects of reflux of microspheres into stomach could be observed. Animals were sacrificed at 48 h, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks, and tissue samples from the kidney, liver, lung, and stomach evaluated. Microscopic evaluation revealed clusters of 10–30 microspheres (15–30 μm in diameter) in the small vessels of the kidney (the arciform arteries, vasa recti, and glomerular afferent vessels) and liver. Aggregates were associated with focal ischemia and mild vascular wall damage. Occlusion of the small vessels was associated with a mild perivascular inflammatory reaction. After filling of the left hepatic artery with microspheres, there was some evidence of arteriovenous shunting into the lungs, and one case of cholecystitis and one case of marked gastritis and ulceration at the site of arterial occlusion due to the presence of clusters of microspheres. Beyond 48 h, microspheres were progressively integrated into the vascular wall by phagocytosis and the lumen recannalized. Eight-week evaluation found that the perivascular inflammatory reaction was mild. Liver cell damage, bile duct injury, and portal space fibrosis were not observed. In conclusion, resin microspheres (15–30 μm diameter) trigger virtually no inflammatory response in target tissues (liver and kidney). Clusters rather than individual microspheres were associated with a mild to moderate perivascular inflammatory reaction. There was no evidence of either a prolonged inflammatory reaction or fibrosis in the liver parenchyma following recannalization

NEWSHUB: Incubadora de contenidos formativos para la comunicación profesional de los resultados del Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos (ABP)

NEWSHUB es un espacio de encuentro académico y profesional. Su principal función es cubrir necesidades específicas de formación tanto para el profesorado como para el alumnado en materia de comunicación. La finalidad es facilitar que se diseñen actividades de aprendizaje basado en proyectos orientadas a generar productos comunicativos de calidad profesional, que sirvan a un tiempo como herramienta eficiente de aprendizaje en el entorno académico además de recurso destacado en el porfolio del alumnado para la búsqueda de empleo o la formalización de proyectos emprendedores. NEWSHUB es una incubadora de proyectos. Rediseñamos actividades y prácticas de clase para que se ajusten a una aplicación eficaz de la metodología de aprendizaje basado en proyectos. Ofrecemos asesoría y acompañamiento a docentes y estudiantes para que desarrollen su actividad académica integrando estrategias y procesos de calidad propios del ámbito profesional. NEWSHUB es una plataforma de formación. Ponemos contenidos formativos sobre comunicación eficiente a disposición de la comunidad educativa e investigadora y del sector de la orientación laboral y el fomento del emprendimiento. Ofrecemos recursos educativos abiertos a través de una plataforma web modular, interoperable y accesible, que alberga contenidos digitales de producción propia y un banco de buenas prácticas. NEWSHUB es coaching digital. Con la nueva situación provocada por la pandemia tenemos que adaptar nuestra manera de enseñar y de aprender haciendo que el entorno virtual sea un espacio en el que tanto profesores como estudiantes se encuentren tan cómodos como en el aula. Para ello acompañaremos a los docentes en ese tránsito y contaremos con la opinión directa de los alumnos/as que participan en nuestro proyecto. NEWSHUB conecta asignaturas, docentes y estudiantes para que los resultados de los distintos procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje se optimicen para el cumplimiento de los objetivos clave del proyecto: aplicar eficazmente metodologías abiertas en el aula; alimentar el porfolio y el currículum en la búsqueda de empleo y el fomento del emprendimiento; y generar recursos educativos y modelos de buenas prácticas para formar en una comunicación eficiente. NEWSHUB también permite crear un puente entre profesores/as, alumnos/as y materias de otras facultades e incluso de otros países. La virtualización permite deslocalizar y ponernos en contacto para intercambiar experiencias, programas y recursos educativos proporcionando una visión más rica y abierta en diferentes contextos culturales y de diversidad. Como principal novedad, en esta segunda parte del proyecto, NEWSHUB se vuelve más internacional incorporando a profesores y profesoras de facultades de Comunicación y Diseño que imparten materiales similares. El objetivo de esta internacionalización es comparar el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje basada en proyectos en diferentes contextos culturales

Artificial intelligence within the interplay between natural and artificial computation:Advances in data science, trends and applications

Artificial intelligence and all its supporting tools, e.g. machine and deep learning in computational intelligence-based systems, are rebuilding our society (economy, education, life-style, etc.) and promising a new era for the social welfare state. In this paper we summarize recent advances in data science and artificial intelligence within the interplay between natural and artificial computation. A review of recent works published in the latter field and the state the art are summarized in a comprehensive and self-contained way to provide a baseline framework for the international community in artificial intelligence. Moreover, this paper aims to provide a complete analysis and some relevant discussions of the current trends and insights within several theoretical and application fields covered in the essay, from theoretical models in artificial intelligence and machine learning to the most prospective applications in robotics, neuroscience, brain computer interfaces, medicine and society, in general.BMS - Pfizer(U01 AG024904). Spanish Ministry of Science, projects: TIN2017-85827-P, RTI2018-098913-B-I00, PSI2015-65848-R, PGC2018-098813-B-C31, PGC2018-098813-B-C32, RTI2018-101114-B-I, TIN2017-90135-R, RTI2018-098743-B-I00 and RTI2018-094645-B-I00; the FPU program (FPU15/06512, FPU17/04154) and Juan de la Cierva (FJCI-2017–33022). Autonomous Government of Andalusia (Spain) projects: UMA18-FEDERJA-084. Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria of Galicia: ED431C2017/12, accreditation 2016–2019, ED431G/08, ED431C2018/29, Comunidad de Madrid, Y2018/EMT-5062 and grant ED431F2018/02. PPMI – a public – private partnership – is funded by The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research and funding partners, including Abbott, Biogen Idec, F. Hoffman-La Roche Ltd., GE Healthcare, Genentech and Pfizer Inc

CD69 expression on regulatory T cells protects from immune damage after myocardial infarction.

Increasing evidences advocate for an important function of T cells in controlling immune homeostasis and pathogenesis after myocardial infarction (MI), although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, a broad analysis of immune markers in 283 patients revealed a significant CD69 overexpression on Treg cells after MI. Our results in mice showed that CD69 expression on Treg cells increased survival after left-anterior-descending coronary artery (LAD)-ligation. Cd69-/- mice developed strong IL-17+ γδT cell responses after ischemia that increased myocardial inflammation and, consequently, worsened cardiac function. CD69+ Treg cells, by induction of AhR-dependent CD39 ectonucleotidase activity, induced apoptosis and decreased IL-17A production in γδT cells. Adoptive transfer of CD69+ Treg cells to Cd69-/- mice after LAD-ligation reduced IL-17+ γδT cell recruitment, thus increasing survival. Consistently, clinical data from two independent cohorts of patients indicated that increased CD69 expression in peripheral blood cells after acute MI was associated with a lower risk of re-hospitalization for heart failure (HF) after 2.5 years of follow-up. This result remained significant after adjustment for age, sex and traditional cardiac damage biomarkers. Our data highlight CD69 expression on Treg cells as a potential prognostic factor and a therapeutic option to prevent HF after MI.This study was supported by competitive grants from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN), through the Carlos III Institute of Health (ISCIII)-Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (PI22/01759) to P.M.; RTI2018-094727-B-100 to J. M-G; Comunidad de Madrid grants S2017/BMD-3671-INFLAMUNE-CM to P.M. and FSM.; Fundació La Marató TV3 (20152330 31) to J.M-G and F.S-M.; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN) RTI2018-099357-B-I00, and CIBERFES (CB16/10/00282), Human Frontier Science Program (grant RGP0016/2018), and Leducq Transatlantic Networks (17CVD04) to JAE. AC is supported by Marie Skłodowska- Curie grant (agreement No. 713673). R.B-D. is supported by Formación de Profesorado Universitario (FPU16/02780) program from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports. The CNIC is supported by the ISCIII, the MCIN and the Pro CNIC Foundation, and is a Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence (SEV-2015-0505).S