Principales estrategias del marketing político utilizadas por los partidos políticos; para la obtención del voto en las elecciones locales de Julio de 2012, en el municipio de Joquicingo, Estado de México

el presente estudio se realizó en el municipio de Joquicingo, Estado de México, para conocer las estrategias de mercadotecnia política que utilizaron los partidos políticos en las elecciones de julio de 2012 para atraer el voto popular; de igual forma, analizamos las herramientas del mismo para determinar si el uso que se les dio tuvo los resultados deseados

Estudio de factibilidad para el montaje y puesta en marcha de una empresa fabricadora de jabón exfoliante a base de café para el cuidado de la piel (frutos de mi tierra) en el municipio de Mistrató Risaralda

Para el desarrollo del presente proyecto se partió de la investigación primaria y secundaria que tuvo como propósito fundamental dar un direccionamiento a la idea central del estudio de factibilidad para el montaje y puesta en marcha de una empresa fabricadora de jabón exfoliante a base de café para el cuidado de la piel (Frutos de mi tierra) en el municipio de Mistrato Risaralda. Se inició con la construcción del árbol del problema que muestra la ausencia de un plan de negocio que garantice la factibilidad técnica, administrativa, legal, comercial y de mercado de una empresa dedicada a la fabricación de jabón exfoliante a base de café, de igual manera se formularon unos objetivos con el fin de tener claridad de lo se quiere alcanzar con el proyecto en este caso el estudio de factibilidad del plan de negocio. También se realizó un cronograma de actividades para ir evaluando el desarrollo del proceso, un estudio de mercado, técnico, administrativo, legal y financiero, además se evaluó el impacto que puede generar el proyecto a nivel económico, social y ambiental.For the development of this project was based on primary and secondary research that 's main purpose was to give an address to the central idea of the feasibility study for the installation and commissioning of a company soap -maker, coffeebased scrub for skincare ( Fruits of my land ) in the municipality of Mistrato Risaralda . It began with the construction of the problem tree showing the absence of a business plan to ensure the technical, administrative, legal, commercial and market a company dedicated to the manufacturing of exfoliating soap with coffee, just as objectives were formulated in order to be clear about what you want to achieve with the project in this case the feasibility study of the business plan. We also performed a schedule of activities to be evaluating process development, market research, technical, administrative, legal and financial, and assessed the impact that the project can generate economic, social and environmental

Flora y vegetación briofítica del sector noroccidental de la Sierra del Calar del Mundo (SW de Albacete, España)

Se realiza un estudio de la flora y vegetación briofítica de la vertiente septentrional de la Sierra del Calar del Mundo (SW de Albacete). Se aportan datos sobre la vegetación briofítica, estudiándose las comunidades y reconociéndose algunas de las asociaciones ya descritas en la Peninsula Ibérica. El catálogo presentado consta de 160 táxones, incluyendo 131 musgos y 29 hepáticas, con 83 nuevas citas para la provincia de Albacete, de las cuales 43 lo son también para el SE peninsularContribution to the bryophytic flora and vegetation from the North slope of the Sierra del Calar del Mundo (SW of Albacete, Spain). Bryophytic communities are studied. Some of them can be assignated to previously citated associations in the Iberian Peninsula. The catalogue presents 160 records: 131 mosses and 29 liverworts. It included 83 new for Albacete province and 43 for the SE of Spain

Temporal evolution of some mortality indicators: Application to Spanish data

This is an author's accepted manuscript of an article published in: “North American Actuarial Journal"; Volume 16, Issue 3, 2012; copyright Taylor & Francis; available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10920277.2012.10590647[EN] In Spain, as in other developed countries, significant changes in mortality patterns have occurred during the 20th and 21st centuries. One reflection of these changes is life expectancy, which has improved in this period, although the robustness of this indicator prevents these changes from being of the same order as those for the probability of death. If, moreover, we bear in mind that life expectancy offers no information as to whether this improvement is the same for different age groups, it is important and necessary to turn to other mortality indicators whose past and future evolution in Spain we are going to study. These indicators are applied to Spanish mortality data for the period 1981–2008, for the age range 0–99. To study its future evolution, the mortality ratios have to be projected using an adequate methodology, namely, the Lee-Carter model. Con- fidence intervals for these predictions can be calculated using the methodology that Lee and Carter apply in their original article for expected lifetime confidence intervals, but they take into account only the error in the prediction of the mortality index obtained from the ARIMA model adjusted to its temporal series, excluding other sources of error such as that introduced by estimations of the other parameters in the model. That is why bootstrap procedures are preferred, permitting the combination of all sources of uncertainty.Support for the research presented in this paper was provided by a grants from MeyC (Ministerio de Educacio´n y Ciencia, Spain), projects MTM2010-14961 and MTM2008-05152. This article was finished in two research stays at Cass Business School (London) funded by ‘‘Jose´ Castillejo’’ Program, Universitat Polite`cnica de Vale`ncia (PAID-00-12) and the Faculty de Administracio´n y Direccio´n de Empresas. We appreciate this funding and the opportunity to discuss our ideas with faculty and doctoral students Cass Business School.Debón Aucejo, AM.; Martínez Ruiz, F.; Montes, F. (2012). Temporal evolution of some mortality indicators: Application to Spanish data. North American Actuarial Journal. 16(3):364-377. https://doi.org/10.1080/10920277.2012.10590647S36437716

Building the Foundation for a Necessary Debate: Projectification of Society

Projectification is the phenomenon whereby activities traditionally carried out in a functional manner are approached as projects. It also includes the transformation processes of organisations as project management and non-functional structures. It is a phenomenon that has become important in recent years. It has brought great benefits to organisations and public administration, and it has optimised the use of economic resources. On the other hand, projectification also brings undesirable effects, known as the dark side of projectification. Several years after the first time projectification was coined, a deep debate about projectification has been necessary to make the most of all possible levels. This research, through a bibliometric analysis and a review of the most outstanding literature, identifies those aspects that need to be discussed and where there is room for improvement. The results, with an important set of disadvantages of projectification, sometimes not taken into account, especially at the individual level, establish a solid basis for the debate on projectification and the possible points of improvement from all perspectives (individual, organisational and societal). These perspectives should be observed as different but complementary, forming a holistic understanding of projectification

Hallazgos histopatológicos en pacientes con síndrome de ojo seco secundario a enfermedad autoinmune tratados con suero autógeno

ResumenObjetivoDeterminar las características histopatológicas en biopsia de conjuntiva bulbar en pacientes con síndrome de ojo seco tratados con suero autógeno y carboximetilcelulosa.Materiales y métodosSe reclutaron pacientes con diagnóstico de síndrome de ojo seco. Se les sometió a toma de biopsia de conjuntiva bulbar de ambos ojos. Se indicó a cada paciente tratamiento con suero autógeno al 20% una gota 4 veces al día en ojo derecho y carboximetilcelulosa una gota 4 veces al día en ojo izquierdo durante un mes, tras lo cual se tomó una segunda biopsia de conjuntiva bulbar. Se realizó estudio histopatológico de cada biopsia, considerando grado de infiltrado inflamatorio, grado de metaplasia escamosa y número de células caliciformes, dividiendo mediante escala numérica las variables mencionadas en 4 grados y comparando resultados con prueba de Wilcoxon.ResultadosSe incluyeron dentro del protocolo 32 ojos pertenecientes a 16 pacientes, con una edad media de 51.89 años. Los hallazgos histopatológicos posteriores al tratamiento con suero autógeno fueron: en 12 de los pacientes no hubo cambios en el grado de metaplasia escamosa, y en 4 disminuyó (p=0.046); en 5 pacientes se incrementó el número de células caliciformes (p=0.049), en 10 no se modificó y en uno disminuyó; el grado de infiltrado inflamatorio aumentó en 6 (p=0.014) pacientes y no se modificó en 10. Con carboximetilcelulosa, la metaplasia disminuyó en 2 pacientes, aumentó en uno y se mantuvo igual en el resto; el número de células caliciformes aumentó en 6 pacientes, disminuyó en 6 y no se modificó en 4; el infiltrado inflamatorio aumentó en 4 pacientes, disminuyó en 2 y se mantuvo igual en el resto.ConclusionesEl tratamiento con suero autógeno ofrece una mejoría estadísticamente significativa en cuanto al aumento de células caliciformes conjuntivales y a la disminución del grado de metaplasia escamosa. En comparación, con el tratamiento con carboximetilcelulosa no se observaron cambios estadísticamente significativos después del tratamiento en ninguna de las variables.AbstractPurposeTo determine histopathological features in conjunctival biopsy of patients with dry eye syndrome treated with autologous serum and carboximethilcelulose.Materials and methodsConjunctival biopsy was taken from both eyes of patients with dry eye syndrome. Right eyes were treated with 20% autologous serum one drop qid, whereas left eyes received carboximethilcelulose one drop qid for one month, after which new biopsies were taken. Histopathological analysis was performed, taking into account the degree of inflammatory infiltrate, degree of squamous metaplasia, and the number of goblet cells, dividing those variables in a 4 degree scale and comparing results with Wilcoxon test.ResultsA total of 32 eyes of 16 patients were included (mean age 51.89 years). After treatment with autologous serum, 12 patients showed no change in the degree of squamous metaplasia and it diminished in 4 (P=.046); 5 showed an increased number of goblet cells (P=.049), in one patient the number diminished and 10 showed no change; the inflammatory infiltrate increased in 6 patients (P=.014) and showed no change in the rest. After treatment with carboximethilcelulose, squamous metaplasia diminished in 2 patients, increased in one and the rest showed no change; the number of goblet cells increased in 6, was reduced in 6 and 4 showed no change; the inflammatory infiltrate increased in 4, was reduced in 2 and the rest showed no change.ConclussionTreatment with autologous serum offers a statistically significant improvement regarding the number of goblet cells and squamous metaplasia. Treatment with carboximethilcelulose showed no significant change in any of the variables

Solar multiple optimization for a solar-only thermal power plant, using oil as heat transfer fluid in the parabolic trough collectors

Usual size of parabolic trough solar thermal plants being built at present is approximately 50 M We. Most of these plants do not have a thermal storage system for maintaining the power block performance at nominal conditions during long non-insolation periods. Because of that, a proper solar field size, with respect to the electric nominal power, is a fundamental choice. A too large field will be partially useless under high solar irradiance values whereas a small field will mainly make the power block to work at part-load conditions. This paper presents an economic optimization of the solar multiple for a solar-only parabolic trough plant, using neither hybridization nor thermal storage. Five parabolic trough plants have been considered, with the same parameters in the power block but different solar field sizes. Thermal performance for each solar power plant has been featured, both at nominal and part-load conditions. This characterization has been applied to perform a simulation in order to calculate the annual electricity produced by each of these plants. Once annual electric energy generation is known, levelized cost of energy (LCOE) for each plant is calculated, yielding a minimum LCOE value for a certain solar multiple value within the range considered

Seroprevalence of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi in horses in Spain

Las piroplasmosis equinas son enfermedades parasitarias enzoóticas distribuidas en todo el mundo con una alta incidencia en regiones tropicales y subtropicales. En España, no hay suficientes datos epidemiológicos sobre las piroplasmosis equinas. El objetivo principal del presente estudio fue, por lo tanto, estimar la prevalencia de Theileria equi y Babesia caballi en cinco regiones y obtener información sobre los factores de riesgo. Este estudio se realizó en las regiones central y sudoeste de España, utilizando pruebas de anticuerpos de fluorescencia indirecta (IFAT) en 3,100 muestras de sueros de caballos aparentemente sanos de diferentes edades, razas, colores de pelaje, géneros y ubicaciones geográficas. La seroprevalencia global fue del 52%, consistente en un 44% de seropositivos para T. equi y un 21% para B. caballi. Hubo una asociación significativa entre la edad (p <0,0001), la raza (p <0,004), la ubicación geográfica (p <0,0001) y la seroprevalencia, pero ni el color del pelaje ni el género se asociaron significativamente con la prevalencia. Además, se demostró que la mayoría de las áreas geográficas mostraron una prevalencia de moderada a alta. El valor estadístico j se usó para comparar los resultados obtenidos por el IFAT y el ensayo inmunoabsorbente ligado a enzimas (cELISA) utilizado para analizar algunas muestras (n = 108) y mostró una mayor concordancia para T. equi (j = 0,68) que para B. caballi (j = 0.22). En consecuencia, esto reveló la importancia de desarrollar una técnica apropiada para detectar cada hemoparásito.Equine piroplasmoses are enzootic parasitic diseases distributed worldwide with high incidence in tropical and subtropical regions. In Spain, there is insufficient epidemiological data about equine piroplasmoses. The main aim of the present study was therefore to estimate the prevalence of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi in five regions and obtain information about the risk factors. This study was conducted in the central and south-western regions of Spain, using indirect fluorescence antibody testing (IFAT) in 3,100 sera samples from apparently healthy horses of different ages, breeds, coat colours, genders and geographical locations. The overall seroprevalence was 52%, consisting of 44% seropositive for T. equi and 21% for B. caballi. There was a significant association between age (p < 0.0001), breed (p < 0.004), geographical location (p < 0.0001) and the seroprevalence, but neither the coat colour nor the gender was significantly associated with prevalence. In addition, it was proved that most of the geographic areas showed a moderate to high prevalence. The statistical j value was used to compare the results obtained by the IFAT and the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) utilised to test some samples (n = 108) and showed a higher concordance for T. equi (j = 0.68) than for B. caballi (j = 0.22). Consequently, this revealed the importance of developing an appropriate technique to detect each haemoparasite.Junta de Extremadura y Fondos FEDER: Ayuda GR15085peerReviewe

Performance of Starch Gels on In Vitro Enzymatic Hydrolysis Assessed by Rheological Methodologies

Starch hydrolysis is attracting much attention due to its relationship to digestion and glucose release. The objective is to propose rapid and continuous analytical methods that allow measuring gels hydrolysis following apparent viscosity (μ). Three different starches (corn, wheat, and rice) are tested recording starch gelatinization followed by gels digestions (digestograms) using a rapid-visco analyzer (RVA) or a rheometer. Results are compared with those obtained by measuring glucose release along hydrolysis. A modified first-order kinetic model in the RVA (R2 > 0.99) and rheometer (R2 > 0.99) describes the gels digestograms. Wheat gel shows a higher hydrolysis rate (k), which indicates faster digestion followed by rice and corn gels. The proposed models allow rapid analysis of starch digestograms, allowing to discriminate among hydrolysis rate of different starches. These less time-consuming methods can be an option to continuously analyze starch gelatinization followed by enzymatic digestion.Generalitat Valenciana (Prometeo 2017/189) and Xunta de Galicia (Consolidation Project ED431B 2019/01).S

Polymer and ampicillin co-precipitation by supercritical antisolvent process

Las micropartículas compuestas de ampicilina (AMP) y etilcelulosa (EC) se han obtenido mediante un proceso supercrítico antisolvente (SAS) en el que se utilizó dióxido de carbono como antisolvente. Las morfologías y los rangos de diámetro medio se analizaron mediante microscopia electrónica de barrido (SEM) y la carga de ampicilina se determinó mediante cromatografía líquida de alto rendimiento (HPLC). Se utilizó espectroscopia fotoelectrónica de rayos X (XPS) para confirmar la presencia y ubicación de ambos compuestos en los precipitados. En la mayoría de los casos, se produjeron partículas mixtas de ampicilina y etilcelulosa con tamaños en el rango de micrómetros. También se investigaron los efectos de presión y temperatura sobre la co-precipitación. La liberación de ampicilina dependía de su ubicación en los compuestos y el comportamiento de liberación de las micropartículas precipitadas por el proceso SAS se evaluó en dos fluidos biológicos simulados: fluidos gástricos y fluidos intestinales simuladosComposite microparticles of ampicillin (AMP) and ethyl cellulose (EC) have been obtained by a supercritical antisolvent (SAS) process in which carbon dioxide was used as antisolvent. Morphologies and mean diameter ranges were analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the ampicillin loading was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to confirm the presence and location of both compounds in the precipitates. In most cases, mixed ampicillin and ethyl cellulose particles were produced with sizes in the micrometer range. Pressure and temperature effects on the co-precipitation were also investigated. Ampicillin release was dependent on its location in the composites and the release behaviour of the microparticles precipitated by the SAS process was evaluated in two biological fluids—simulated gastric and simulated intestinal fluid