Estudio de viabilidad económica y eficiencia energética en una instalación de alumbrado público del Casco Antiguo de Zaragoza.

El principal objetivo del estudio es el de recopilar la información necesaria para abordar las conclusiones pertinentes en lo referente al plano económico de inversión, al consumo de potencia contratada/instalada y al plano de eficiencia energética de la instalación de alumbrado público del casco antiguo de Zaragoza

Trayectoria indagatoria de las mujeres investigadoras en la región mixteca poblana (Atlixco, Puebla)

Gender equality is a fundamental principle within human rights because equality and non-discrimination are essential universal rights. The objective of this research was to analyze the investigative trajectory of women researchers in the Mixteca community (Atlixco, Puebla); to contribute to the solution of the problem by presenting an overview of the contextual reality. A mixed methodology was applied, in the quantitative approach numerical data from the SNI information base of 2022 was used. For the qualitative approach, the investigative trajectory of the researchers attached to the SNI and who belong to two existing IPES in Atlixco (BUAP and Higher Technological Institute of Atlixco). The limited female presence in the research motivates reflection on the subject.Actualmente, las mujeres tienen mayor presencia en diversos ámbitos; entre estos, la ciencia, aunque persisten estereotipos como que esta es asunto de hombres. Esta investigación aborda la trayectoria académica-indagatoria de mujeres en Atlixco, Puebla, mediante un enfoque mixto; en lo cuantitativo, se utilizaron datos numéricos del Sistema Nacional de Investigadores(as) (SNII) de 2022 y, en lo cualitativo, se retomó la trayectoria indagatoria de las investigadoras adscritas al SNII y que pertenecen a dos Instituciones Públicas de Educación Superior (IPES) de Atlixco (BUAP e Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Atlixco). Los resultados muestran que, aunque la participación de mujeres investigadoras ha aumentado, aún es menor que la de hombres. En Atlixco, su participación como investigadoras es baja, por lo que es necesario incentivar su trabajo en actividades científicas; además, las IPES deben apoyar a las mujeres en estudios de posgrado y actividades científicas para abordar problemas sociales y ambientales en la región.A igualdade de gênero é um princípio fundamental dos direitos humanos porque a igualdade e a não discriminação são direitos universais essenciais. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar a trajetória investigativa de mulheres pesquisadoras na comunidade Mixteca (Atlixco, Puebla); contribuir para a solução do problema apresentando uma visão geral da realidade contextual. Foi aplicada uma metodologia mista, na abordagem quantitativa foram utilizados dados numéricos da base de informações do SNI de 2022. Para a abordagem qualitativa, a trajetória investigativa dos pesquisadores vinculados ao SNI e que pertencem a duas IPES existentes em Atlixco (BUAP e Superior Instituto Tecnológico de Atlixco). A limitada presença feminina na pesquisa motiva a reflexão sobre o tema

Surgical challenge: endoscopic repair of cerebrospinal fluid leak

BACKGROUND: Cerebrospinal fluid leaks (CSF) result from an abnormal communication between the subarachnoid space and the extracranial space. Approximately 90% of CSF leak at the anterior skull base manifests as rhinorrhea and can become life-threatening condition. Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) has become a common otolaryngologist procedure. The aim of this article is to consider our experience and to evaluate the outcomes in patients who underwent a purely endoscopic repair of CSF leaks of the anterior skull base. FINDINGS: Retrospective chart review was performed of all patients surgically treated for CSF leaks presenting to the Section of Nasal and Sinus Disorders at the Service of ENT–Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), between 2004 and 2010. A total of 30 patients who underwent repair CSF leak by ESS. The success rate was 93.4% at the first attempt; only two patients (6.6%) required a second surgical procedure, and none of it was necessary to use a craniotomy for closure. Follow-up periods ranged from 4 months to 6 years. CONCLUSION: Identifying the size, site, and etiology of the CSF leak remains the most important factor in the surgical success. It is generally accepted that the ESS have made procedures minimally invasive, and CSF leak is now one of its well-established indications with low morbidity and high success rate, with one restriction for fistulas of the posterior wall of the frontal sinus should be repaired in conjunction with open techniques

Las energías renovables en la actividad turística. Innovaciones hacia la sostenibilidad

Fossil fuels consumption has caused severe environmental impacts worldwide, mainly by the greenhouse gasses emissions which have led into of climate change. Therefore, the latest decades clean energies of renewable energy resources have been boosted. These energies are characterized by lower greenhouse gasses emissions, direct increase in the cost savings and problems supply and fuel storage reduction. By its growing importance in the national economy, Tourism represents a sector with great potential for implementing clean technologies as well as energy savings measures that leads to greater energy efficiency. In this manuscript, the possibilities of renewable energy use from several sources in the tourism sector are analysed. First, the renewable energy prominence at present is analysed. Then the main figures of tourism in Ecuador are briefly shown. Finally, bibliographic information on the different renewable energy sources that could be applied in the tourism sector in Ecuador and the measures to improve the energy efficiency of their facilities is summarized.El consumo de combustibles fósiles ha provocado graves impactos ambientales a nivel mundial, principalmente por la emisión de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI), causa del cambio climático. Por ello, en las últimas décadas se ha dado un mayor impulso a las energías limpias o procedentes de fuentes renovables, caracterizadas principalmente por su menor emisión de GEI, el aumento directo en el ahorro económico y en la reducción de los problemas de suministro y almacenamiento de combustible. El turismo, por su cada vez mayor importancia en la economía nacional, representa un sector con grandes posibilidades para implementar este tipo de tecnologías limpias, así como también de implementar medidas para un mayor ahorro energético que conlleva a una mayor eficiencia energética. En este artículo, se analiza las posibilidades de uso de energía procedente de distintas fuentes renovables en el sector turismo. Primero, se analiza la importancia de las energías renovables en la actualidad. Posteriormente, se recoge brevemente la situación del turismo en el Ecuador de acuerdo con las estadísticas oficiales. Finalmente, se recoge información bibliográfica sobre las distintas fuentes de energía renovable que son aplicables en el sector turismo en el Ecuador, y medidas para mejorar la eficiencia energética de sus instalaciones

SUSTENTABILIDAD Y EVALUACIÓN DEL IMPACTO OCASIONADO POR EL RELLENO SANITARIO DEL MUNICIPIO DE CARMEN EN CAMPECHE, MÉXICO

Los indicadores de sustentabilidad permiten evaluar los impactos ambientales relacionados con la estrategia del desarrollo sustentable. Este estudio se realizó en Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche, que es considerada una isla de barrera que se localiza al sureste de México. El municipio canaliza la disposición final de los residuos sólidos urbanos (RSU) a través de un relleno sanitario el cual se encuentra ubicado en una zona de manglar, teniendo un impacto negativo en el medio ambiente lo que incide negativamente en el desarrollo sustentable. Mediante el análisis sedimentológico del subsuelo, se obtuvieron resultados que identificaron la dominancia de arenas carbonatadas, lo que permitió definir un rango de porosidad del 20,2 al 40,1%, y permeabilidad de 102-104 ms1 darcys, es decir, los sedimentos presentan una buena porosidad y una permeabilidad alta. Por su parte, mediante un análisis de la calidad del agua se detectaron concentraciones de Demanda Bioquímica de Oxígeno (DBO5) y Demanda Química de Oxígeno (DQO) de 63,06 y 1338,13 mg L1, respectivamente, así como la presencia de concentraciones de trazas de algunos metales pesados. Estos valores permitieron clasificarlo como un cuerpo de agua fuertemente contaminado.//The sustainability indicators allow the evaluation of the environmental impacts related to the sustainable development strategy. The research was conducted in ciudad del Carmen, Campeche, whichis considered a barrier island that is located at the southeast of Mexico. The municipality channels the final disposal of solid urban waste (MSW) through a sanitary landfill which is located in a mangrove area, having a negative impact on the environment, which negatively affects the sustainable development. This research identified a sequence of carbonated sands by means of subsoil sediment analysis, which allowed to define a porosity of 20.2 to 40.1% and a permeability of 102-104 ms1, i.e., the sediments have good porous and high permeability. On the other hand, and with respect to water quality, concentrations of BOD5 and COD in the mangrove were 63.06 and 1338.13 mg L1, respectively, as well as the presence of trace concentrations of some heavy metals. These values allowed to classify it as a strongly contaminated body of water

Dissecting the role of the NADPH oxidase NOX4 in TGF-beta signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma

The NADPH oxidase NOX4 has been proposed as necessary for the apoptosis induced by the Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-I3) in hepatocytes and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. However, whether NOX4 is required for TGF-I3-induced canonical (SMADs) or non-canonical signals is not fully understood yet, neither its potential involvement in other parallel actions induced by TGF-I3. In this work we have used CRISPR Cas9 technology to stable attenuate NOX4 expression in HCC cells. Results have indicated that NOX4 is required for an efficient SMAD2/3 phosphorylation in response to TGF-I3, whereas non-canonical signals, such as the phos-phorylation of the Epidermal Growth Receptor or AKT, are higher in NOX4 silenced cells. TGF-I3-mediated in-hibition of cell proliferation and viability is attenuated in NOX4 silenced cells, correlating with decreased response in terms of apoptosis, and maintenance of high expression of MYC and CYCLIN D1. These results would indicate that NOX4 is required for all the tumor suppressor actions of TGF-I3 in HCC. However, analysis in human HCC tumors has revealed a worse prognosis for patients showing high expression of TGF-I31-related genes concomitant with high expression of NOX4. Deepening into other tumorigenic actions of TGF-I3 that may contribute to tumor progression, we found that NOX4 is also required for TGF-I3-induced migratory effects. The Epithelial-Mesenchymal transition (EMT) program does not appear to be affected by attenuation of NOX4 levels. However, TGF-I3-mediated regulation of cytoskeleton dynamics and focal adhesions require NOX4, which is necessary for TGF-I3-induced increase in the chaperone Hsp27 and correct subcellular localization of Hic-5 within focal adhesions, as well for upregulation of the metalloprotease MMP9. All these results together point to NOX4 as a key element in the whole TGF-I3 signaling in HCC cells, revealing an unknown role for NOX4 as tumor promoter in HCC patients presenting activation of the TGF-I3 pathway

Social Representation of Dementia: An Analysis of 5,792 Consecutive Cases Evaluated in a Memory Clinic

Abstract. Background: Different interpretations of cognitive impairment and dementia due to differences in health structures, such as cultural differences could affect the diagnosis and treatment of the condition. it is reasonable to expect that the social and family impact of the disease and coping strategies will differ among societies. Objective: The general aim of this study is to understand the social representations of dementia, its associated practices, and the effects they imply. Methods: People diagnosed with clinical dementia and their families were assessed from 2005 to 2015 in the memory clinic of the Fundacio ́ ACE, Institut Catala` de Neurocie`ncies Aplicades in Barcelona, Spain. Results: 9,898 people were examined and 5,792 were diagnosed with dementia. For those with a caregiver (71%), the decision-making fell on the person with dementia in 16.2% of the cases; and for those without a caregiver, in 26.4% of the cases the family did not perceive the deficits as a disease, which led to multiple risk situations (74.6%). Conclusions: The recognition of dementia as part of aging is common among families. Consequently, risk situations may arise and diagnosis and access to treatment may be delayed. The incorporation of a social appraisal to the diagnostic process is a necessity to evaluate these situations

Adherence and Toxicity during the Treatment of Latent Tuberculous Infection in a Referral Center in Spain

Latent tuberculosis infection; Toxicity; Tuberculosis screeningInfecció tuberculosa latent; Toxicitat; Cribratge de tuberculosiInfección tuberculosa latente; Toxicidad; Cribado de tuberculosisThe screening and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in countries with a low incidence of TB is a key strategy for the elimination of tuberculosis (TB). However, treatment can result in adverse events (AEs) and have poor adherence. This study aimed to describe treatment outcomes and AEs for LTBI patients at two departments in Vall d'Hebron University Hospital in Barcelona, Spain. A retrospective study was conducted on all persons treated for LTBI between January 2018 and December 2020. Variables collected included demographics, the reason for LTBI screening and treatment initiation, AEs related to treatment, and treatment outcome. Out of 261 persons who initiated LTBI treatment, 145 (55.6%) were men, with a median age of 42.1 years. The indications for LTBI screening were household contact of a TB case in 96 (36.8%) persons, immunosuppressive treatment in 84 (32.2%), and recently arrived migrants from a country with high TB incidence in 81 (31.0%). Sixty-three (24.1%) persons presented at least one AE during treatment, and seven (2.7%) required definitive discontinuation of treatment. In the multivariate analysis, AE development was more frequent in those who started LTBI treatment due to immunosuppression. Overall, 226 (86.6%) completed treatment successfully. We concluded that LTBI screening and treatment groups had different risks for adverse events and treatment outcomes. Persons receiving immunosuppressive treatment were at higher risk of developing AEs, and recently arrived immigrants from countries with a high incidence of TB had greater LTFU. A person-centered adherence and AE management plan is recommended.A.M.L. was supported by a postdoctoral grant “Juan Rodés” (JE21/00027) from the Instituto de Salud Carlos through the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Spain

Microsatellite Genotyping of Plasmodium vivax Isolates from Pregnant Women in Four Malaria Endemic Countries

Plasmodium vivax is the most widely distributed human parasite and the main cause of human malaria outside the African continent. However, the knowledge about the genetic variability of P. vivax is limited when compared to the information available for P. falciparum. We present the results of a study aimed at characterizing the genetic structure of P. vivax populations obtained from pregnant women from different malaria endemic settings. Between June 2008 and October 2011 nearly 2000 pregnant women were recruited during routine antenatal care at each site and followed up until delivery. A capillary blood sample from the study participants was collected for genotyping at different time points. Seven P. vivax microsatellite markers were used for genotypic characterization on a total of 229 P. vivax isolates obtained from Brazil, Colombia, India and Papua New Guinea. In each population, the number of alleles per locus, the expected heterozygosity and the levels of multilocus linkage disequilibrium were assessed. The extent of genetic differentiation among populations was also estimated. Six microsatellite loci on 137 P. falciparum isolates from three countries were screened for comparison. The mean value of expected heterozygosity per country ranged from 0.839 to 0.874 for P. vivax and from 0.578 to 0.758 for P. falciparum. P. vivax populations were more diverse than those of P. falciparum. In some of the studied countries, the diversity of P. vivax population was very high compared to the respective level of endemicity. The level of inter-population differentiation was moderate to high in all P. vivax and P. falciparum populations studied

Sustainable and Low Greenhouse Gas Emitting Rice Production in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Review on the Transition from Ideality to Reality.

The burgeoning demand for rice in Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) exceeds supply, resulting in a rice deficit. To overcome this challenge, rice production should be increased, albeit sustainably. However, since rice production is associated with increases in the atmospheric concentration of two greenhouse gases (GHGs), namely methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), the challenge is on ensuring that production increases are not associated with an increase in GHG emissions and thus do not cause an increase in GHG emission intensities. Based on current understanding of drivers of CH4 and N2O production, we provide here insights on the potential climate change mitigation benefits of management and technological options (i.e., seeding, tillage, irrigation, residue management) pursued in the LAC region. Studies conducted in the LAC region show intermittent irrigation or alternate wetting and drying of rice fields to reduce CH4 emissions by 25–70% without increasing N2O emissions. Results on yield changes associated with intermittent irrigation remain inconclusive. Compared to conventional tillage, no-tillage and anticipated tillage (i.e., fall tillage) cause a 21% and 25% reduction in CH4 emissions, respectively. From existing literature, it was unambiguous that the mitigation potential of most management strategies pursued in the LAC region need to be quantified while acknowledging country-specific conditions. While breeding high yielding and low emitting rice varieties may represent the most promising and possibly sustainable approach for achieving GHG emission reductions without demanding major changes in on-farm management practices, this is rather idealistic. We contend that a more realistic approach for realizing low GHG emitting rice production systems is to focus on increasing rice yields, for obvious food security reasons, which, while not reducing absolute emissions, should translate to a reduction in GHG emission intensities. Moreover, there is need to explore creative ways of incentivizing the adoption of promising combinations of management and technological options