34 research outputs found

    Presence of structural homologs of ubiquitin in haloalkaliphilic Archaea

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    Ubiquitin, a protein widely conserved in eukaryotes, is involved in many cellular processes, including proteolysis. While sequences encoding ubiquitin-like proteins have not been identified in prokaryotic genomes sequenced so far, they have revealed the presence of structural and functional homologs of ubiquitin in Bacteria and Archaea. This work describes the amplification and proteomic analysis of a 400-bp DNA fragment from the haloalkaliphilic archaeon Natrialba magadii. The encoded polypeptide, P400, displayed structural homology to ubiquitin-like proteins such as those of the ThiS family and Urm1. Expression of the P400 DNA sequence in Escherichia coli cells yielded a recombinant polypeptide that reacted with anti-ubiquitin antibodies. In addition, a putative open reading frame encoding P400 was identified in the recently sequenced genome of N. magadii. Together, these results evidence the presence in Archaea of structural homologs of ubiquitin- related proteins. [Int Microbiol 2009; 12(3):167-173

    Standard tests for the characterization of roofing slate pathologies

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    Las patologías que se originan en pizarra para cubiertas son debidas fundamentalmente a la presencia de materiales alterables (sulfuros de hierro, carbonatos y materia orgánica). Estos minerales pueden llegar a alterarse por efecto de los agentes medioambientales, una vez que la pizarra es puesta en obra. Las patologías están principalmente asociadas a procesos de oxidación y yesificación de las citadas fases minerales. En este trabajo se determinan las patologías potenciales de varias pizarras para cubiertas españolas, utilizando los ensayos definidos en las normas UNE-EN 12326:2005, 14147:2004 y 11597:2007.The pathologies formed in slate roofs are mainly due to the presence of potentially unstable minerals (iron sulfides, carbonates and organic matter). These minerals may become altered by the effect of environmental agents, once the slate roof is finished. The pathologies are mainly associated with oxidation and gypsification processes of the cited mineral phases. In this work, the potential pathologies of several Spanish roofing slates are identified, using the tests defined in the European Norms EN 12326:2005, 14147:2004 and 11597:2007.El presente trabajo se ha desarrollado en el marco del proyecto PERDURABLE: Durabilidad de materiales de piedra natural. Análisis y prevención de patologías. MICINN-09-CIT-380000-2009-25, financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e InnovaciónS

    Stone weathering under Mediterranean semiarid climate in the fortress of Nueva Tabarca island (Spain)

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    The Nueva Tabarca fortress constitutes an exceptional example of baroque architectural heritage. However, the aggressiveness of the local environment and the low suitability of the used building stone cause their fast deterioration. The hydro-mechanical properties of the building stones, the characteristics of their porous system (open porosity and pore size distribution), the global climate of the island and the particular microenvironmental conditions of each studied monument explain the weathering process acting on the porous limestone of Nueva Tabarca. Results reveal that Halite crystallization and wind erosion are the main weathering agents. On the one hand, wind plays a critical weathering action because it controls the salt crystallization process, the abrasion by wind-blown particles, as well as the wind-driven rain impact. Different weathering forms are related to each erosion mechanism. On the other hand, the relative humidity in the island determines the agressiveness of the halite crystallization process. Salt damage activity was calculated quantifying not only the number of halite crystallization-dissolution transitions, but also the duration of the driest periods. Finally, a novel parameter (Equivalent Years, Yeq) is defined in order to quantify the representativeness of standarized artificial ageing tests. Yeq expresses the number of years of natural ageing required for achieving the same weathered state of rocks after laboratory procedures. A wide range of Yeq values are obtained for the studied rocks (from 8 to 165 years), showing a strong dependency with both the exposure time as well as the agressiveness of the environment.This research was supported by project GRE12-03 (University of Alicante)

    Scientific dissemination in the Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO): Best practices in recent years

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    There is a growing interest and obligations to bring the results of scientific research closer to society. In this sense, the Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO, CSIC) has acquired in recent years an institutional commitment with the scientific dissemination, carrying out some projects on this topic. The objective of these projects is to visualize and value their research and results in different formats increasing the scientific culture of society that demand and financed most of public research. In the present work four successful initiatives or projects are presented. Diversimar project is a citizen science tool for the observation of the marine and fishing biodiversity of Galicia and the Cantabrian Sea. Mar interior project brings activity of IEO to society with face-to-face conferences and workshops. Planet Tuna project combines science with art through an online platform to enhance the scientific knowledge of tuna and other big pelagics for their sustainability. To end, the interactive book “45 days on the Flemish Cap Bank” spreads the technical and human effort of an oceanographic survey that remains behind the fisheries management developed by the IEO. The objective of the present study is to make visible and put in value these projects and serve as inspiration.Versión del edito

    Type 2 Diabetes Variants Disrupt Function of SLC16A11 through Two Distinct Mechanisms

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    Type 2 diabetes (T2D) affects Latinos at twice the rate seen in populations of European descent. We recently identified a risk haplotype spanning SLC16A11 that explains ∼20% of the increased T2D prevalence in Mexico. Here, through genetic fine-mapping, we define a set of tightly linked variants likely to contain the causal allele(s). We show that variants on the T2D-associated haplotype have two distinct effects: (1) decreasing SLC16A11 expression in liver and (2) disrupting a key interaction with basigin, thereby reducing cell-surface localization. Both independent mechanisms reduce SLC16A11 function and suggest SLC16A11 is the causal gene at this locus. To gain insight into how SLC16A11 disruption impacts T2D risk, we demonstrate that SLC16A11 is a proton-coupled monocarboxylate transporter and that genetic perturbation of SLC16A11 induces changes in fatty acid and lipid metabolism that are associated with increased T2D risk. Our findings suggest that increasing SLC16A11 function could be therapeutically beneficial for T2D. Video Abstract [Figure presented] Keywords: type 2 diabetes (T2D); genetics; disease mechanism; SLC16A11; MCT11; solute carrier (SLC); monocarboxylates; fatty acid metabolism; lipid metabolism; precision medicin

    Establecimiento in vitro de Gladiolus sp. a partir de cormillos

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    20 p.Ordóñez, M. 2010. Establecimiento in vitro de Gladiolus sp. a partir de cormillos. Proyecto especial de graduación del programa de Ingeniería Agronómica, Escuela Agrícola Panamericana, Zamorano. Honduras. 20 p. Gladiolus sp., conocido comúnmente como gladíolo, es una planta herbácea caracterizada por su inflorescencia en forma de espiga y por su renovación anual a partir de una multitud de pequeños cormillos que se inician del cormo madre. Los cormillos son sembrados en forma convencional por muchos productores de flores y se han hecho estudios para su propagación mediante técnicas de cultivo de tejidos, siendo éste un método que nos permite obtener una reproducción masiva de plantas sanas, libres de enfermedades y virus. El estudio se realizó con el propósito de evaluar cuatro concentraciones (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, y 4.0 mg/L) de la hormona de crecimiento Bencilaminopurina (BAP) en el medio basal de Murashige y Skoog. Se realizaron tres repeticiones para cada tratamiento cada una con 25 unidades experimentales. Se utilizaron cormillos como explantes, estos fueron aislados a partir de cormos grandes cultivados bajo suelo en bandejas. A estos cormillos se les removió la cubierta de escamas con pinzas. Se hizo una desinfección con alcohol al 70% por un minuto y luego fueron sumergidos en una solución de hipoclorito de sodio al 0.5% del ingrediente activo durante 10 minutos más dos gotas de Tween 80 por cada 100 ml de solución desinfectante, seguido de tres enjuagues con agua destilada estéril. Los explantes se sembraron de forma polar colocando los cormillos en el medio sin ningún tipo de disección. Los datos fueron tomados cada semana durante ocho semanas de duración del experimento. Las concentraciones de 0.5 y 2.0 mg/L de BAP indujeron el mayor crecimiento de la yema apical; estas concentraciones también mostraron una tendencia a estimular una mayor altura de los brotes laterales. La concentración de BAP no tuvo un efecto significativo en la altura y en el número promedio de brotes laterales por explante, sin embargo se observó una tendencia de aumento en los porcentajes de brotación a medida que aumenta la concentración de BAP. Es necesario evaluar otros tipos de citocinina que ayuden a estimular la brotación de yemas laterales.1. Índice de cuadros, figuras y anexos 2. Introducción 3. Materiales y métodos 4. Resultados y discusión 5. Conclusiones 6. Recomendaciones 7. Literatura citada 8. Anexo

    Comparación entre la efectividad del psoraleno más luz ultravioleta A (puva) y la luz ultravioleta B de banda estrecha (uvb-nb) en el tratamiento de la psoriasis

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    La psoriasis es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica caracterizada por la hiperproliferación de queratinocitos como respuesta a la activación del sistema inmune. El manejo de esta patología es variado, pero las opciones terapéuticas disminuyen cuando la severidad aumenta, y hay que recurrir a medicaciones o terapias que traen mayores efectos secundarios no deseados. La fototerapia hace parte de los tratamientos utilizados en formas severas; la primera que se introdujo fue el uso de psoralenos más luz ultravioleta A (puva), pero es una terapia no del todo inocua que puede producir cataratas o inclusive cáncer de piel, lo que imposibilita su uso en algunos pacientes. Con el advenimiento de la terapia con luz ultravioleta B de banda estrecha (uvb-nb) en 1997, se abrió un nuevo espectro de alternativas de tratamiento para este tipo de pacientes, con similares características en cuanto a efectividad. Al comparar estos dos tipos de terapias, la literatura no es concluyente y deja un sinnúmero de dudas acerca de cuál de las dos terapias es más efectiva. Con la aparición de nuevas terapias, es importante conocer la más efectiva, pues son tratamientos menos costosos en comparación con los que están llegando al mercado.Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by keratinocyte hyperproliferation in response to activation of the immune system. The management of this condition is varied, but the therapeutic options decrease as the severity increases, and we must resort to medications or therapies that bring more unwanted side effects. Phototherapy is part of the treatments used in severe forms, the first to be introduced was the use of psoralen plus ultraviolet A light (PUVA), but it is not entirely safe therapy that can cause cataracts or even skin cancer, which precludes their use in some patients. With the advent of light therapy narrow band ultraviolet B (UVB-NB) in 1997, it opened a new spectrum of treatment alternatives for these patients, with similar characteristics in terms of effectiveness. By comparing these two types of therapies, the literature is not conclusive and leaves a host of questions about which of the two therapies is more effective. With the advent of new therapies, it is important to know the most effective, they are less expensive treatments compared with those who are coming to market
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