Regenerative medicine in orthopedics

Regenerative medicine is an interdisciplinary field of science that has been experiencing its renaissance in recent years. It involves many hopes regarding the possibility of breeding the organ needed for transplantation for a given patient in laboratory conditions. The most important "component" in regenerative medicine are stem cells and other elements that create an ideal environment for their proper development and organization of tissue architecture

Thermoregulation and its disorders in the children’s perioperative period

Disorders of termoregulation is a phenomeon that can occur as a result of any kind of anaesthesia. In the perioperative period, infants and small children are most exposed to significant and dangerous changes in body temperature, especially hypothermia. When the body cools to values under 36˚C during simple surgery, it is called uncontrolled hypothermia and can be dangerous to the health or even lifethreating to a small patient. Preventive measures of intraoperative accidential hypothermia are according room temperature. Hypothermia as an intended phenomenon artificially produced is used in such medical fields as: • cardiosurgery in cases of cardiotomy surgery in infants • neurosurgery in lowering intracranial pressure • analgesia through cooling as an effective pain - relieving method Disorders of termoregulation mechanism leading to rising body temperature is called hyperthermia. It can occur as a sudden reaction to an anaesthetic agent (halothane, enufluran, izofluran, sewofluran, desfluran, suksametonium) revealed during anaesthesia – a genetically determined disease called Fulminant Hyperthermia. The essence of hyperthermia treatment is early diagnosis and fast treatment relying on the removal of causes and symptoms and, above all, needs to be preventative. Regular measurement of both surface and central temperature can allow for quick action against hypothermia or hyperthermia in children

Genomic Relationships, Novel Loci, and Pleiotropic Mechanisms across Eight Psychiatric Disorders

Genetic influences on psychiatric disorders transcend diagnostic boundaries, suggesting substantial pleiotropy of contributing loci. However, the nature and mechanisms of these pleiotropic effects remain unclear. We performed analyses of 232,964 cases and 494,162 controls from genome-wide studies of anorexia nervosa, attention-deficit/hyper-activity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, major depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, and Tourette syndrome. Genetic correlation analyses revealed a meaningful structure within the eight disorders, identifying three groups of inter-related disorders. Meta-analysis across these eight disorders detected 109 loci associated with at least two psychiatric disorders, including 23 loci with pleiotropic effects on four or more disorders and 11 loci with antagonistic effects on multiple disorders. The pleiotropic loci are located within genes that show heightened expression in the brain throughout the lifespan, beginning prenatally in the second trimester, and play prominent roles in neurodevelopmental processes. These findings have important implications for psychiatric nosology, drug development, and risk prediction.Peer reviewe