Estudio de adsorbentes potenciales para la captura de dióxido de carbono

El incremento en las emisiones de dióxido de carbono en los últimos años representa un problema asociado al efecto invernadero y al aumento de las temperaturas sobre el planeta; la captura y fijación del dióxido de carbono se ha constituido en un área de investigación creciente y estratégicamente importante. Un proceso usado para capturar dióxido de carbono es la interacción de este gas con aminas primarias en solución acuosa para generar carbamatos. Sin embargo, este proceso tiende a ser ineficientes y costosos debido a los grandes volúmenes de líquido y energía que se requieren en su operación. En la actualidad, diferentes grupos de investigación están en vías del mejoramiento de la tecnología actual, así como del desarrollo de nueva tecnología. El presente trabajo pretende generar nuevos adsorbentes sólidos de dióxido de carbono a través de la funcionalización de aminas primarias en materiales mesoporosos y la construcción de estructuras metal-orgánicas para la separación de gases. El estudio y desarrollo de este tipo de materiales tiene la finalidad de ser utilizados como rellenos activos en columnas de separación, los cuales ofrezcan grandes rendimientos y eviten algunos de los problemas asociados por la naturaleza de la absorción química. Estudios previos revelan que este tipo de materiales ofrecen una viabilidad de poder ser utilizados en la captura y secuestro de CO2, debido a su flexibilidad química de los diferentes materiales usados, esto es corroborado con los resultados de la presenta investigación en la cual se muestra que la adsorción física y química requiere menor energía para la desorción del CO2 capturado en comparación con la energía utilizada en la absorción química para el proceso mencionado anteriormente.CONACY

Clinical metagenomic analysis and Cancer

After seven years of periodic controls by the SEIMC (Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology), it can be affirmed that the analysis is capable of detecting microorganisms in any type of sample (Blood, CSF, Saliva, BAL, Urine, Sputum, Faeces, Tissues, Prosthetic Material, Exudates, Swabs, Etc…), it requires a small amount of sample, it identifies more than 77,000 pathogens in a single test, simultaneously detects Archaea, G+ and G- Bacteria, Fungi, Viruses, Protists and parasites, it detects nonculturable pathogens and those that revert to false negatives, it is not affected by inhibition by antibiotics or other causes, resistance to antibiotics and antimycotics are detected, results are obtained in 24 hours, it is the most sensitive and reliable direct microbial identification technique and specific today. The analysis is 87% more sensitive than a culture, 99% reliable in gender determination, 91% reliable in sensitivity, increases the rate of accurate diagnosis of infections by more than 50%, as it is NGS sequencing it is more sensitive, specific and reliable than 16s and 18s sequencing. The test is highly useful for detecting microorganisms associated with cancer.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Association Between Preexisting Versus Newly Identified Atrial Fibrillation and Outcomes of Patients With Acute Pulmonary Embolism

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) may exist before or occur early in the course of pulmonary embolism (PE). We determined the PE outcomes based on the presence and timing of AF. Methods and Results Using the data from a multicenter PE registry, we identified 3 groups: (1) those with preexisting AF, (2) patients with new AF within 2 days from acute PE (incident AF), and (3) patients without AF. We assessed the 90-day and 1-year risk of mortality and stroke in patients with AF, compared with those without AF (reference group). Among 16 497 patients with PE, 792 had preexisting AF. These patients had increased odds of 90-day all-cause (odds ratio [OR], 2.81; 95% CI, 2.33-3.38) and PE-related mortality (OR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.37-4.14) and increased 1-year hazard for ischemic stroke (hazard ratio, 5.48; 95% CI, 3.10-9.69) compared with those without AF. After multivariable adjustment, preexisting AF was associated with significantly increased odds of all-cause mortality (OR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.57-2.32) but not PE-related mortality (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 0.85-2.66). Among 16 497 patients with PE, 445 developed new incident AF within 2 days of acute PE. Incident AF was associated with increased odds of 90-day all-cause (OR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.75-2.97) and PE-related (OR, 3.64; 95% CI, 2.01-6.59) mortality but not stroke. Findings were similar in multivariable analyses. Conclusions In patients with acute symptomatic PE, both preexisting AF and incident AF predict adverse clinical outcomes. The type of adverse outcomes may differ depending on the timing of AF onset.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Background: Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. // Methods: We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung's disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. // Findings: We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung's disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middle-income countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in low-income countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. // Interpretation: Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Erratum to: 36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1208-6.]

Gestión del conocimiento: perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 12

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, Volumen 12, de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro cuenta con el apoyo de los grupos de investigación: Universidad Sur del Lago “Jesús María Semprúm” (UNESUR), Zulia – Venezuela; Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Falcón Alonso Gamero (UPTAG), Falcón – Venezuela; Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Mérida Kleber Ramírez (UPTM), Mérida – Venezuela; Universidad Guanajuato (UG) - Campus Celaya - Salvatierra - Cuerpo Académico de Biodesarrollo y Bioeconomía en las Organizaciones y Políticas Públicas (C.A.B.B.O.P.P), Guanajuato – México; Centro de Altos Estudios de Venezuela (CEALEVE), Zulia – Venezuela, Centro Integral de Formación Educativa Especializada del Sur (CIFE - SUR) - Zulia - Venezuela, Centro de Investigaciones Internacionales SAS (CIN), Antioquia - Colombia.y diferentes grupos de investigación del ámbito nacional e internacional que hoy se unen para estrechar vínculos investigativos, para que sus aportes científicos formen parte de los libros que se publiquen en formatos digital e impreso

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

ESTUDIO DE ADSORBENTES POTENCIALES PARA LA CAPTURA DE DIÓXIDO DE CARBONO

El incremento en las emisiones de dióxido de carbono en los últimos años representa un problema asociado al efecto invernadero y al aumento de las temperaturas sobre el planeta; la captura y fijación del dióxido de carbono se ha constituido en un área de investigación creciente y estratégicamente importante. Un proceso usado para capturar dióxido de carbono es la interacción de este gas con aminas primarias en solución acuosa para generar carbamatos. Sin embargo, este proceso tiende a ser ineficientes y costosos debido a los grandes volúmenes de líquido y energía que se requieren en su operación. En la actualidad, diferentes grupos de investigación están en vías del mejoramiento de la tecnología actual, así como del desarrollo de nueva tecnología. El presente trabajo pretende generar nuevos adsorbentes sólidos de dióxido de carbono a través de la funcionalización de aminas primarias en materiales mesoporosos y la construcción de estructuras metal-orgánicas para la separación de gases. El estudio y desarrollo de este tipo de materiales tiene la finalidad de ser utilizados como rellenos activos en columnas de separación, los cuales ofrezcan grandes rendimientos y eviten algunos de los problemas asociados por la naturaleza de la absorción química. Estudios previos revelan que este tipo de materiales ofrecen una viabilidad de poder ser utilizados en la captura y secuestro de CO2, debido a su flexibilidad química de los diferentes materiales usados, esto es corroborado con los resultados de la presenta investigación en la cual se muestra que la adsorción física y química requiere menor energía para la desorción del CO2 capturado en comparación con la energía utilizada en la absorción química para el proceso mencionado anteriormente.CONACY

Estudio económico de una columna de absorción para la captura de CO2 emitido en una planta termoeléctrica

La contaminación ambiental es uno de los principales problemas de la sociedad contemporánea. El desarrollo tecnológico, el crecimiento demográfico, la industrialización y el uso de nuevos métodos de agricultura tecnificada son algunos de los factores que contribuyen a que se liberen al ambiente de forma continua cantidades cada vez mayores de un gran número de sustancias químicas, sintéticas y naturales. Dichas sustancias que se emiten al ambiente, en la mayoría de los casos ya rebasaron la capacidad de los sistemas para transformarlas, asimilarlas o eliminarlas; esto ha traído como consecuencia el deterioro ambiental (Rivero y Ponciano, 1993

Estudio económico de una columna de absorción para la captura de CO2 emitido en una planta termoeléctrica

La contaminación ambiental es uno de los principales problemas de la sociedad contemporánea. El desarrollo tecnológico, el crecimiento demográfico, la industrialización y el uso de nuevos métodos de agricultura tecnificada son algunos de los factores que contribuyen a que se liberen al ambiente de forma continua cantidades cada vez mayores de un gran número de sustancias químicas, sintéticas y naturales. Dichas sustancias que se emiten al ambiente, en la mayoría de los casos ya rebasaron la capacidad de los sistemas para transformarlas, asimilarlas o eliminarlas; esto ha traído como consecuencia el deterioro ambiental (Rivero y Ponciano, 1993