La collaboration directe d'un paradigme d'interaction pour le travail assisté par ordinateur

Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le domaine de l'ingénierie des collecticiels. Les collecticiels aident les individus à produire ensemble des artefacts électroniques, à augmenter leurs communications interpersonnelles et à se coordonner. Nous adoptons une approche en trois niveaux. D'abord, nous comparons la collaboration avec et sans les collecticiels. Ensuite, nous proposons des principes de conception. Enfin, nous illustrons l'application de ces principes. Au premier niveau, notre comparaison repose sur des comptes-rendus d'observation, sur des sciences non-informatiques (sciences de la communication, psychologie sociale) utiles à notre domaine d'étude et sur la description d'applications réelles. Nous proposons de décrire les compétences naturelles des individus pour se coordonner et pour communiquer sous des formes non verbales par un ensemble limite de concepts. Au deuxième niveau, nous proposons des principes de conception inspirés des concepts définis au niveau précédent et de l'extension des principes de la manipulation directe de Scheidemann et de la théorie de l'action de Norman au cas des interactions entre plusieurs utilisateurs. L'objectif de ces principes est de concevoir les collecticiels de manière à ce que les utilisateurs puissent réutiliser leurs compétences naturelles pour collaborer, d'où le terme "collaboration directe" dans le titre. Au troisième niveau, nous illustrons l'application des principes par a) la conception d'outils pour aider les contrôleurs à négocier, b) par la conception d'une nouvelle forme de courrier électronique et c) par la réalisation de plusieurs outils de dialogue textuel. Les outils de dialogue illustrent l'application du modèle prose, un modèle proposé pour ajouter aux échanges de données des indices supplémentaires pouvant servir aux utilisateurs à se coordonner et à communiquer implicitement. Finalement, nous proposons des ajouts à une boite à outil de construction d'interface pour programmer des interfaces à collaboration directe.TOULOUSE1-BU Arsenal (315552103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Intestinal transfer of growth hormone into the circulatory system of the rainbow trout,Salmo gairdneri: Interference by granule cells

To test if growth hormone, well known for its strong effect on fish growth, could be incorporated into the diet, bovine growth hormone (bGH) was introduced into the lumen of the digestive tract of trout yearling (Salmo gairdneri). Radioimmunoassay (RIA) and radioreceptorassay (RRA) were used to assess plasma concentration of bGH. In our experimental conditions, the concentration of bGH peaks after 1 hour, in treated fish only, attesting to the intestinal hormone transfer (coefficient of absorption is about 0.2%). Immunocytochemistry is used to follow the hormone transfer process. Most bGH molecules absorbed by enterocytes of the distal segment are found in the vacuoles (phagolysosomes) of the apical hyaloplasm. A small part escapes the intracellular degradation and is found in the intercellular space and in the interstitial space of the lamina propria. At this level, the granule cells trapped the antigenic hormone, as did immune cells. The results of this study indicate that oral administration of GH can be potentially used in fish culture

Extended follow-up of a phase 2 trial of xevinapant plus chemoradiotherapy in high-risk locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: a randomised clinical trial

Introduction: We report long-term efficacy and overall survival (OS) results from a randomised, double-blind, phase 2 study (NCT02022098) investigating xevinapant plus standard-of-care chemoradiotherapy (CRT) vs. placebo plus CRT in 96 patients with unresected locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (LA SCCHN).Methods: Patients were randomised 1:1 to xevinapant 200 mg/day (days 1-14 of a 21-day cycle for 3 cycles), or matched placebo, plus CRT (cisplatin 100 mg/m2 every 3 weeks for 3 cycles plus conventional fractionated high-dose intensity-modulated radiotherapy [70 Gy/35 F, 2 Gy/F, 5 days/week for 7 weeks]). Locoregional control, progression-free survival, and duration of response after 3 years, long-term safety, and 5-year OS were assessed.Results: The risk of locoregional failure was reduced by 54% for xevinapant plus CRT vs. placebo plus CRT but did not reach statistical significance (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.46; 95% CI, 0.19-1.13; P = .0893). The risk of death or disease progression was reduced by 67% for xevinapant plus CRT (adjusted HR 0.33; 95% CI, 0.17-0.67; P = .0019). The risk of death was approximately halved in the xevinapant arm compared with placebo (adjusted HR 0.47; 95% CI, 0.27-0.84; P = .0101). OS was prolonged with xevinapant plus CRT vs. placebo plus CRT; median OS not reached (95% CI, 40.3-not evaluable) vs. 36.1 months (95% CI, 21.8-46.7). Incidence of late-onset grade ≥3 toxicities was similar across arms.Conclusions: In this randomised phase 2 study of 96 patients, xevinapant plus CRT demonstrated superior efficacy benefits, including markedly improved 5-year survival in patients with unresected LA SCCHN

Extended follow-up of a phase 2 trial of xevinapant plus chemoradiotherapy in high-risk locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: a randomised clinical trial.

INTRODUCTION We report long-term efficacy and overall survival (OS) results from a randomised, double-blind, phase 2 study (NCT02022098) investigating xevinapant plus standard-of-care chemoradiotherapy (CRT) vs. placebo plus CRT in 96 patients with unresected locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (LA SCCHN). METHODS Patients were randomised 1:1 to xevinapant 200 mg/day (days 1-14 of a 21-day cycle for 3 cycles), or matched placebo, plus CRT (cisplatin 100 mg/m2 every 3 weeks for 3 cycles plus conventional fractionated high-dose intensity-modulated radiotherapy [70 Gy/35 F, 2 Gy/F, 5 days/week for 7 weeks]). Locoregional control, progression-free survival, and duration of response after 3 years, long-term safety, and 5-year OS were assessed. RESULTS The risk of locoregional failure was reduced by 54% for xevinapant plus CRT vs. placebo plus CRT but did not reach statistical significance (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.46; 95% CI, 0.19-1.13; P = .0893). The risk of death or disease progression was reduced by 67% for xevinapant plus CRT (adjusted HR 0.33; 95% CI, 0.17-0.67; P = .0019). The risk of death was approximately halved in the xevinapant arm compared with placebo (adjusted HR 0.47; 95% CI, 0.27-0.84; P = .0101). OS was prolonged with xevinapant plus CRT vs. placebo plus CRT; median OS not reached (95% CI, 40.3-not evaluable) vs. 36.1 months (95% CI, 21.8-46.7). Incidence of late-onset grade ≥3 toxicities was similar across arms. CONCLUSIONS In this randomised phase 2 study of 96 patients, xevinapant plus CRT demonstrated superior efficacy benefits, including markedly improved 5-year survival in patients with unresected LA SCCHN

Erratum to 'Predominance of healthcare-associated cases among episodes of community-onset bacteraemia due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae' [International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 49/1 67-73]

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